Nasal labial–velar approximant

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol = w̃

}}

The nasal labial–velar approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|w̃}}, that is, a w with a tilde. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is w~.

The nasal approximants {{IPA|[ȷ̃]}} and {{IPA|[w̃]}} may also be called nasal glides. In some languages like Portuguese, they form a second element of nasal diphthongs.

Features

Features of the nasal labial–velar approximant:

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676, 681}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[w̃ĩ]}}	'to see'	Possible word-initial realization of {{IPA\|/w/}} before a nasal vowel.{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|p=681}}
colspan="2" \| Polish	{{lang\|pl\|są}}	{{IPA\|[sɔũ̯]}}	'they are'	See Polish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Portuguese	Most dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=127}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Bisol\|2005\|p=179}}	{{lang\|pt\|são}}	{{IPA\|[sɐ̃w̃]}}	'saint', 'they are'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|w}} after nasal vowels. See Portuguese phonology
Some dialects{{Cite web \|last= Lipski \|first=John M. \|date=1975 \|title=Portuguese vinho: diachronic evidence for biphonemic nasal vowels \|url=https://johnlipski.github.io/vinho.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812135245/https://johnlipski.github.io/vinho.pdf \|archive-date=2024-08-12 \|access-date=2025-05-08}}	{{lang\|pt\|muamba}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmw̃ɐ̃bɐ]}}	'smuggling', 'jobbery', 'stash'	Non-syllabic allophone of {{IPAslink\|u}} between nasal sounds.
colspan="2" \|Marathi \|{{lang\|mr\|संशय}}/saṃśay \|{{IPA\|[sə̃w̃ʃəe̯]\|lang=mr}} \|'doubt' \|Anuswara (ṁ) preceding र (r), व (v), श (ś), ष (ṣ), स (s), ह (h) or ज्ञ (jñ/dnya) is rendered as 'w̃'.
colspan="2" \| Seri	{{lang\|sei\|cmiique}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ]}}	'person'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/m/}}
colspan="2" \| Shipibo{{Harvcoltxt\|Valenzuela\|Márquez Pinedo\|Maddieson\|2001\|p=283}}	{{lang\|shp\|banwan}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shipibo.htm\|title=Shipibo language, alphabet and pronunciation\|website=www.omniglot.com\|access-date=2019-11-27}}	{{IPA\|[βɐ̃ˈw̃ɐ̃]}}	'parrot'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/w/}} after nasal vowels.
colspan="2" \|Telugu \|{{lang\|te\|ఆమ్లం}}/āmlaṃ \|{{IPA\|[aːw̃alaw̃]\|lang=te}} \|'acid' \|Common colloquial pronunciation of intervocalic and final m. May also be a [ʋ̃].a study of telugu regional and social dialects: a prosodic analysis by j. venkateswara sastry
colspan="2" \| Uwa	{{lang\|mul\|táw̃aya}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtaw̃aja]}}	'yellow'
colspan="2" \|Yoruba \|{{lang\|yo\|wọ́n}} \|[w̃ɔ̃́n] \|'they' \|Allophone of /w/ before nasal vowels.

Notes

References

{{citation

|last=Bisol

|first=Leda

|year=2005

|title=Introdução a estudos de fonologia do português brasileiro

|place=Porto Alegre - Rio Grande do Sul

|publisher=EDIPUCRS

|language=Portuguese

|isbn=85-7430-529-4

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFzWAq-S7I0C&pg=PA179

}}

{{citation

|last=Cruz-Ferreira

|first=Madalena

|year=1995

|title=European Portuguese

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=25

|issue=2

|pages=90–94

|doi=10.1017/S0025100300005223

|s2cid=249414876

}}

{{citation

|last=Jolkesky

|first=Marcelo Pinho de Valhery

|year=2009

|title=Fonologia e prosódia do Kaingáng falado em Cacique Doble

|journal=Anais do SETA

|volume=3

|pages=675–685

|place=Campinas

|publisher=Editora do IEL-UNICAMP

|url=http://www.iel.unicamp.br/revista/index.php/seta/article/view/557/474

}}

{{citation

|last1=Valenzuela

|first1=Pilar M.

|last2=Márquez Pinedo

|first2=Luis

|last3=Maddieson

|first3=Ian

|year=2001

|title=Shipibo

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=31

|issue=2

|pages=281–285

|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40852342

|doi=10.1017/S0025100301002109

|doi-access=free

}}

External links

{{phoible|w̃}}

Category:Nasal consonants

Category:Velar consonants

Category:Central consonants

Category:Bilabial consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Kaingang{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|pp=676, 681}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[w̃ĩ]}}	'to see'	Possible word-initial realization of {{IPA\|/w/}} before a nasal vowel.{{Harvcoltxt\|Jolkesky\|2009\|p=681}}
colspan="2" \| Polish	{{lang\|pl\|są}}	{{IPA\|[sɔũ̯]}}	'they are'	See Polish phonology
rowspan="2" \| Portuguese	Most dialects{{Harvcoltxt\|Cruz-Ferreira\|1995\|p=127}}{{Harvcoltxt\|Bisol\|2005\|p=179}}	{{lang\|pt\|são}}	{{IPA\|[sɐ̃w̃]}}	'saint', 'they are'	Allophone of {{IPAslink\|w}} after nasal vowels. See Portuguese phonology
Some dialects{{Cite web \|last= Lipski \|first=John M. \|date=1975 \|title=Portuguese vinho: diachronic evidence for biphonemic nasal vowels \|url=https://johnlipski.github.io/vinho.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812135245/https://johnlipski.github.io/vinho.pdf \|archive-date=2024-08-12 \|access-date=2025-05-08}}	{{lang\|pt\|muamba}}	{{IPA\|[ˈmw̃ɐ̃bɐ]}}	'smuggling', 'jobbery', 'stash'	Non-syllabic allophone of {{IPAslink\|u}} between nasal sounds.
colspan="2" \|Marathi \|{{lang\|mr\|संशय}}/saṃśay \|{{IPA\|[sə̃w̃ʃəe̯]\|lang=mr}} \|'doubt' \|Anuswara (ṁ) preceding र (r), व (v), श (ś), ष (ṣ), स (s), ह (h) or ज्ञ (jñ/dnya) is rendered as 'w̃'.
colspan="2" \| Seri	{{lang\|sei\|cmiique}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkw̃ĩːkːɛ]}}	'person'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/m/}}
colspan="2" \| Shipibo{{Harvcoltxt\|Valenzuela\|Márquez Pinedo\|Maddieson\|2001\|p=283}}	{{lang\|shp\|banwan}}{{Cite web\|url=https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shipibo.htm\|title=Shipibo language, alphabet and pronunciation\|website=www.omniglot.com\|access-date=2019-11-27}}	{{IPA\|[βɐ̃ˈw̃ɐ̃]}}	'parrot'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/w/}} after nasal vowels.
colspan="2" \|Telugu \|{{lang\|te\|ఆమ్లం}}/āmlaṃ \|{{IPA\|[aːw̃alaw̃]\|lang=te}} \|'acid' \|Common colloquial pronunciation of intervocalic and final m. May also be a [ʋ̃].a study of telugu regional and social dialects: a prosodic analysis by j. venkateswara sastry
colspan="2" \| Uwa	{{lang\|mul\|táw̃aya}}	{{IPA\|[ˈtaw̃aja]}}	'yellow'
colspan="2" \|Yoruba \|{{lang\|yo\|wọ́n}} \|[w̃ɔ̃́n] \|'they' \|Allophone of /w/ before nasal vowels.