National Bolshevik Party

{{National Bolshevism|orgs}}

File:Evstafiev-neo-bolsheviks.jpg with a copy of the Limonka newspaper (photo by Mikhail Evstafiev)]]

The NBP believes in the National Bolshevik ideas that arose during the Russian Civil War, such as those from Nikolai Ustryalov, who came to believe that Bolshevism could be modified to serve nationalistic purposes. His followers, the Smenovekhovtsy, who then came to regard themselves as National Bolsheviks, borrowed the term from Ernst Niekisch, who was a German politician initially associated with left-wing politics and later the National Bolshevik ideology.

The NBP has denied any links to fascism, stating that all forms of antisemitism, xenophobia, and racism were against the party's principles. The NBP has historically defended Stalinism, although later on the party said it did not wish to re-create that system.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090515120326/http://www.nazbol.ru/rubr28/index0/253.html "National Bolshevik Party – FAQ"]. Retrieved 23 February 2014. The party is described as a mixture of far-left and far-right ideology, including among its members Sovietism' nostalgics as well as skinheads, with the hammer and sickle (which replace the swastika) in a white circle on a red background as party's flag.{{cite web |author1=Veronika Colosimo |title=Édouard Limonov, l'imprécateur des lettres russes |url=http://lefigaro.fr/livres/2013/07/12/03005-20130712ARTFIG00415-edouard-limonov-l-imprecateur-des-lettres-russes.php |website=Le Figaro |date=12 July 2013|language=fr}}

On 29 November 2004, participants of the general congress of the NBP adopted a new party program. According to the program, "the main goal of the National Bolshevik Party is to change Russia into a modern, powerful state, respected by other countries and peoples and beloved by its own citizens" by ensuring the free development of civil society, the independence of the media, and social justice.{{cite web|url=https://rg.ru/2005/01/19/nbp-dok.html|title=Программа Национал-Большевистской Партии|website=Российская газета|access-date=2 September 2018}} The NBP was highly critical of Vladimir Putin's government and argued that state institutions, such as the bureaucracy, the police, and the courts, were corrupt and authoritarian.[https://web.archive.org/web/20071017132229/http://nbp-info.ru/cat107/index.html "Program of the National Bolshevik Party"]. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

File:Demonstration of the NBP.jpg

Since its formation, the National Bolshevik Party had relationships with Russian counterculture.[http://www.socionauki.ru/journal/articles/126841/ Феномен национал-большевистского движения: идеологический, социальный и культурный аспекты]. socionauki.ru National Bolsheviks often used shock aesthetics from the punk subculture in their propaganda.{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316947828|title=Making post-Soviet counterpublics: the aesthetics of Limonka and the National-Bolshevik Party | Request PDF}}{{Cite web |url=http://nazbol.cc/2007/01/punk-and-national-bolshevism/ |title=Punk and national-bolshevism « NBP-INFO |date=23 October 2013 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064407/http://nazbol.cc/2007/01/punk-and-national-bolshevism/ |archive-date=23 October 2013 |url-status=dead}} NBP attracted a significant number of artists, punk musicians and rock bands.{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2015.1088287|title=Pussy Riot's Musical Precursors? The National Bolshevik Party Bands, 1994–2007|first1=Andrei|last1=Rogatchevski|first2=Yngvar B.|last2=Steinholt|date=7 August 2016|journal=Popular Music and Society|volume=39|issue=4|pages=448–464|via=Taylor and Francis+NEJM|doi=10.1080/03007766.2015.1088287|s2cid=192339798 |url-access=subscription}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbth.com/arts/2013/08/18/russian_punks_the_ideology_music_and_lifestyle_28995.html|title=Russian punks: The ideology, music and lifestyle|first1=Vasily|last1=Shumov|first2=special to|last2=RBTH|date=18 August 2013|website=Russia Beyond}}

Some Western critics commented on its heavy use of totalitarian and fascist symbols and what they called its "national-patriotic demagoguery", and academics have described the group as neo-fascist.{{cite journal |last1=Mathyl |first1=Markus |date=7 December 2010 |title=The National-Bolshevik Party and Arctogaia: two neo-fascist groupuscules in the post-Soviet political space |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/003132202128811493 |journal=Patterns of Prejudice |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=62–76 |doi=10.1080/003132202128811493 |s2cid=144248974|url-access=subscription }} In the Russian media, the National Bolshevik Party was usually referred to as a far-left youth movement; however, some critics (including ex-members) allege that the NBP is an organisation dedicated to carry out a colour revolution in Russia.{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/view/russ-ru|title=russ.ru|website=sites.google.com}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.apn.ru/index.php?newsid=1286|title=Национал-большевизм: конец темы|website=АПН - Агентство Политических Новостей}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.pravaya.ru/leftright/473/4616/|title=Александр Дугин: НБП не имеет права на существование, её лидер – вампир - Правая.ru - Радикальная ортодоксия|website=www.pravaya.ru|access-date=21 March 2022|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214050334/http://www.pravaya.ru/leftright/473/4616|url-status=dead}}

The symbols of the National Bolshevik Party are a combination of Soviet, Nazi, and Imperial Russian symbols; the party nonetheless denied any link to fascism and Nazism.

{{multiple image

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| footer = The NBP's flag (center) is similar to the flag of Nazi Germany (left), with a white circle on a red field, yet with the hammer and sickle symbol of the flag of the Soviet Union (right) instead of the swastika.

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The popular motto, "Russia is Everything, the Rest is Nothing!" («Россия — всё, остальное — ничто!»), served as a powerful encapsulation of the movement's ultranationalist worldview. This slogan expressed the party's absolute prioritization of Russian identity, culture, and sovereignty over all foreign influences or globalist ideals. It reflected the NBP's ideological synthesis of nationalism and revolutionary socialism, framing Russia as a sacred entity whose interests were paramount, while dismissing the outside world as irrelevant or hostile.

The Russian National Bolsheviks adopted the provocative greeting "Yes, Death!" («Да, смерть!») as a symbolic rejection of bourgeois values and a dramatic expression of revolutionary zeal. This slogan encapsulated the party's militant ethos and its embrace of political martyrdom and struggle, reflecting its fusion of radical leftist and ultranationalist ideologies. As Stephen Shenfield notes in Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies and Movements, the greeting served as a stark emblem of the NBP's nihilistic defiance and ideological extremism.{{cite book |last1=Shenfield |first1=Stephen |title=Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies and Movements|date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315500041 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGulDAAAQBAJ&q=%22Yes,+Death!%22+National+Bolshevism&pg=PA205 |access-date=23 July 2019 |language=en}}

File:1999_Impeachment_of_Boris_Yeltsin_01.jpg]]

In 1992, Eduard Limonov founded the National Bolshevik Front (NBF) as an amalgamation of six minor groups.Lee, p. 314 Aleksandr Dugin was among the earliest members and was instrumental in convincing Limonov to enter politics. The party first attracted attention in 1992 when two members were arrested for possessing grenades. The incident gave the NBP publicity for a boycott campaign they were organizing against Western goods.Lee, p. 320 The NBF joined forces with the National Salvation Front, which was a broad coalition of Russian communists and nationalists.Lee, p. 321

The FNS was one of the leading groups involved in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, and Limonov participated in the clashes near the White House in Moscow on the side of the Anti-Yeltsin opposition.{{cite web|url=https://svpressa.ru/quotes/eduard-limonov/|title=Эдуард Лимонов, Писатель, политик|access-date=2 September 2018}} When others within the coalition began to speak out against the NBF, it withdrew from the alliance.Lee, pp. 328–9 On 1 May 1993, Limonov and Dugin signed a declaration of founding the NBP.{{cite web|url=http://www.nazbol.ru:80/rubr28/index0/249.html|title=Нацбол.ру - Нацбол должен знать - Декларация о создании НБП|date=21 September 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921193029/http://www.nazbol.ru/rubr28/index0/249.html|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=21 September 2008|url-status=dead}} On 28 November 1994, Limonov founded the newspaper Limonka, the official organ of the NBP.

In 1998, Dugin left the NBP as a result of a conflict with other members of the party.{{cite web|url=http://w-o-s.ru/visual/nazboli/index.html|title=ВОС|website=w-o-s.ru|access-date=2 September 2018}} This led to the party moving further left in Russia's political spectrum, and led to members of the party denouncing Dugin and his group as fascists. Dugin later established the Eurasia Party, that endorses a significantly more radical nationalist and socially conservative view of National Bolshevism.{{cite journal |author1=Andreas Umland |author1-link=Andreas Umland |author2=Steffen Kailitz |author2-link=Steffen Kailitz |date=2017 |title=Why fascists took over the Reichstag but have not captured the Kremlin: a comparison of Weimar Germany and post-Soviet Russia |journal=Nationalities Papers |volume=45 |issue=2}}

Limonov and some National Bolsheviks were jailed in April 2001 on charges of terrorism, the forced overthrow of the constitutional order, and the illegal purchase of weapons. Based on an article published in Limonka under Limonov's byline,{{cite web|url=http://grenadef1.tumblr.com/post/155480895519/the-second-russia|title=The Second Russia|website=GRENADE F1|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614144248/http://grenadef1.tumblr.com/post/155480895519/the-second-russia|url-status=dead}} the government accused Limonov of planning to start an armed insurgency in Kazakhstan.{{cite web|url=http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/14-04-2001/40356-0/|title=Famous writer and National Bolshevic leader Eduard Limonov really arrested|date=14 April 2001|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013346/http://www.pravdareport.com/news/russia/14-04-2001/40356-0/|url-status=dead}}

After the arrest of the leader, members of the party started activities (including direct action stunts) against Putin's government.{{cite news|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/1058689.html|title=Russia: National Bolsheviks, The Party Of 'Direct Action'|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=8 April 2008 |access-date=2 September 2018|last1=Yasmann |first1=Victor }} In 2002, members of the NBP participated in a common demonstration of far-left forces in a Moscow a demonstration called Anticapitalism-2002.{{cite web|url=http://nbp-info.ru:80/antikapitalizm/zaglavnaya.htm|title=НБП-ИНФО :: ФОТО :: Антикапитализм-2002|date=22 December 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222115328/http://nbp-info.ru/antikapitalizm/zaglavnaya.htm|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=22 December 2008|url-status=dead}} National Bolsheviks clashed with riot police.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdxasJgyvC0|title=Антикап 2002 Площадь Маяковского 480|last=Олег Бородин|date=14 September 2013|access-date=2 September 2018|via=YouTube}} In 2003, Limonov was released from Lefortovo Prison.[https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2003-06-30-30-ultranationalist-66320042/543382.html "Russian Writer is Released from Prison"]. Retrieved 30 June 2006.

File:The Dissenters March in St. Petersburg, March 3, 2007.jpg rally in Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 3 March 2007]]

Since 2004, the NBP has formed alliances with other opposition forces, both far-left and right-wing. In 2004, Limonov signed the declaration titled "Russia without Putin."{{cite web|url=http://limonka.net:80/rus_put/eng/decl.html|title=Declaration Of Public Movement "Russia Without Putin"|date=29 October 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029054829/http://limonka.net/rus_put/eng/decl.html|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=29 October 2005|url-status=live}} In August 2006, an anti-Limonovist faction of the NBP that was right-wing formed the National Bolshevik Front.[http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/an_interview_with_the_leader_of_the_nbf_roman_golovkin/ "An Interview with the Leader of the NBF (Roman Golovkin)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114061148/http://majorityrights.com/index.php/weblog/comments/an_interview_with_the_leader_of_the_nbf_roman_golovkin/ |date=14 January 2010 }}. 6 September 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

The NBP became a prominent member of The Other Russia coalition of opposition parties. In 2007, the NBP members took part in a Dissenters' March and other subsequent demonstrations against the government.[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/03/e6afa38b-be72-4ce0-91a4-c32374c14424.html "Police Clash With Anti-Kremlin Protesters"]. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 3 March 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2014.

File:NBP Odintsovo.jpg, Moscow Oblast, during the 2007 Russian legislative election to protest the ban of the party]]

The NBP was banned by a Russian lower court in June 2005; the Russian Supreme Court overturned that ban on 16 August 2005. In November 2005, the Russian Supreme Court upheld a ban on the party on the grounds that the NBP called itself a political party without being registered as such.{{cn|date=March 2023}} On 7 August 2007, the Russian Supreme Court confirmed the decision of the Moscow City Court of 19 April to ban the party{{cite web|url=http://www.sova-center.ru/misuse/news/persecution/2007/08/d11361/|title=Верховный суд РФ подтвердил законность запрета НБП|access-date=2 September 2018}} as an extremist organization.{{cite web|url=http://minjust.ru/nko/perechen_zapret|title=Перечень некоммерческих организаций, в отношении которых судом принято вступившее в законную силу решение о ликвидации или запрете деятельности по основаниям, предусмотренным ФЗ "О противодействии экстремистской деятельности" - Минюст России|website=minjust.ru|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=10 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110164517/http://minjust.ru/nko/perechen_zapret|url-status=dead}}

In 2009, NBP members took part in Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly.[http://grani.ru/Politics/Russia/activism/strategy31/m.183186.html Питерские нацболы арестованы за участие в акции у Гостиного двора]. Grani.ru. 1 November 2010.[http://www.rosbalt.ru/piter/2010/01/27/707552.html Нацболы через суд требуют разрешить акцию "Стратегия-31"]. Rosbalt.ru. 27 January 2010. In July 2010, the National Bolsheviks founded a new political party, The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov.

The NBP often used non-violent direct-action stunts, mostly against prominent political figures.{{cite web|url=https://openrussia.org/post/view/10473/|title=От нацболов к Павленскому. Краткая хроника русского акционизма|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=2 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902222432/https://openrussia.org/post/view/10473/|url-status=dead}}

On 24 August 1999, the NBP occupied a tower of the Club of Military Seamen in Sevastopol on Ukraine's Independence Day. Some of the operatives were sentenced to prison.{{cite web|url=http://artprotest.org/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=3331|title=1999. Захват Башни моряков. Севастополь, НБП|website=artprotest.org|access-date=2 September 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://www.nbp-info.ru:80/new/photo/sevastopol/index.html|title=НБП-ИНФО :: ФОТО :: Захват башни клуба моряков в Севастополе|date=18 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118231557/http://www.nbp-info.ru/new/photo/sevastopol/index.html|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=18 January 2007|url-status=live}} During the Prince Charles' tour of the Baltic states in 2001, a member of the Latvian branch of the NBP hit Charles' face with a flower in an act of protest against the war in Afghanistan.{{cite web|url=http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/national/article/Hugs-and-handshakes-with-public-keep-Meghan-Markles-bodyguards-on-their-toes-d5004065-790a-445c-ac3f-414f32a8d333-ds|title=Hugs and handshakes with public keep Meghan Markle's bodyguards on their toes|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013341/http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/national/article/Hugs-and-handshakes-with-public-keep-Meghan-Markles-bodyguards-on-their-toes-d5004065-790a-445c-ac3f-414f32a8d333-ds|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1774966.stm|title=Latvia flower-attacker spared jail|date=2 September 2018|access-date=2 September 2018|via=news.bbc.co.uk}} During the 2002 Prague summit, National Bolsheviks threw tomatoes at George Robertson to protest against the extension of NATO and American imperialism.{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGf6HLmZk8Y|title=WRAP Tomato incident, Robertson, Ukraine delegates, family photo|last=AP Archive|date=30 July 2015|access-date=2 September 2018|via=YouTube}}

On 3 March 2004, National Bolsheviks occupied the United Russia headquarters in Moscow and protested against government policy.{{cite web|url=https://regnum.ru/news/225882.html|title=Национал-большевики захватили общественную приемную|access-date=2 September 2018}} On 22 June 2004, National Bolsheviks occupied Germany's Trade Embassy in Moscow on the anniversary of the German invasion of the Soviet Union. They hung a banner with an inscription "Never forget! Never forgive!"{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJ2NFRwtA0I|title=Protest outside German offices on war anniversary|last=AP Archive|date=21 July 2015|access-date=2 September 2018|via=YouTube}} On 2 August 2004, a group of National Bolsheviks occupied the office of the Health and Social Development Ministry building in Moscow to protest against the social benefits reform.{{cite web|url=https://utro.ru/articles/2004/08/02/335766.shtml|title=Национал-большевики захватили Минздрав|date=2 August 2004 |access-date=2 September 2018}} Police arrested most of the participants, and on 12 December 2004, seven National Bolsheviks were each sentenced to five years in prison.{{cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/2004/12/20/na1103538720.shtml|title=Газета.Ru - За захват здания Минздрава лимоновцы получили по 5 лет тюрьмы|website=www.gazeta.ru|access-date=2 September 2018}} On 14 December 2004, NBP members occupied the presidential-administration visitors' room to protest against government policy. Police arrested thirty-nine National Bolsheviks, with many of them being sentenced to prison.{{cite web|url=https://lenta.ru/articles/2005/12/08/nbp/|title=Условный захват президентской приемной|access-date=2 September 2018}}

On 25 September 2006, National Bolsheviks occupied the Ministries of Finances building in Moscow to protest against liberal economic policy.{{cite web|url=http://www.kasparov.ru/material.php?id=4517F12760231|title="Побои" за Минфин|access-date=2 September 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://pub.g.graniru.org/Politics/Russia/m.111961.html|title=Грани.Ру: За захват Минфина нацболов обвинили в хулиганстве|website=pub.g.graniru.org|access-date=2 September 2018|archive-date=3 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903013312/http://pub.g.graniru.org/Politics/Russia/m.111961.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XY9TVb1iCAw|title=Leftist protestors chain themselves to Finance Ministry in anti-Putin protest|last=AP Archive|date=24 July 2015|access-date=2 September 2018|via=YouTube}}

The National Bolshevik Party founded branches across the post-Soviet states. Relatively strong branches of the party existed in Latvia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Several small groups often made up of Russian immigrants that are named National Bolshevik Party have existed in countries across Europe and North America.[http://eng.nbp-info.ru/409.html Interview to the "Revolt" French magazine]. eng.nbp-info.ru. 15 February 2004. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501182358/http://eng.nbp-info.ru/409.html |date=1 May 2007 }} Most of them did not have official registration.

Latvia's NBP has had members hold office in Riga,{{cite book|author=Shenfield, Stephen |title=Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, Movements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0Qkk-r2buQC&pg=PA190|date=2001|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|isbn=978-0-7656-0635-8|pages=190–}} and has executed notable publicity stunts, but it remains largely marginal there.Muizneiks, N. (2005) "Latvia" in Mudde, Cas Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Routledge, {{ISBN|0415355931}} pp. 101–128 The Latvian branch has been led by Vladimir Linderman and Benes Ayo.[http://www.d-pils.lv/view_article.php?article=20548 Айо Бенес — магистр биологии и профессор НБП]. D-pils.lv (23 March 2005). Retrieved on 23 February 2014.[http://limonka.nbp-info.ru/293_article_1141140237.html Лимонка: Бенес Айо] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706195509/http://limonka.nbp-info.ru/293_article_1141140237.html |date=6 July 2012 }}[http://www.d-pils.lv/news/49658# «Красный магистр» Бенес Айо: «Мы готовим такое!..»]. D-pils.lv (8 November 2005). Retrieved on 23 February 2014.[http://rus.tvnet.lv/novosti/politika/17774-bjenjes_ayo_kogda_ja_doshjel_do_45_kg_mjenja_prishlos_vipustit Бенес Айо: Когда я дошел до 45 кг, меня пришлось выпустить]. Rus.tvnet.lv. Retrieved on 23 February 2014.[https://web.archive.org/web/20120706195955/http://nbp-info.ru/new/photo/070505_bush/index.html Рига: Акция против Джорджа Буша]. nbp-info.ru. 7 May 2005 In 2003, Linderman was accused of storing explosives and of calling for the overthrow of the political system.{{Cite web|url=http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Estonia+sends+%E2%80%9CNational+Bolshevik%E2%80%9D+back+to+Finland/1135248426688|title=Estonia sends "National Bolshevik" back to Finland}} He left Latvia and moved to Russia. In 2005, during the visit of George W. Bush in Latvia, local national Bolsheviks and the Vanguard of Red Youth organized meetings "against American imperialism". Police broke up a demonstration and arrested its participants.{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwOP_n9IS9I|title=Anti-Bush protest broken up by police|date=21 July 2015 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cite web|url=http://nbp-info.ru/new/photo/070505_bush/index.html |title=Акция против Джорджа Буша и задержание Рига, 7 мая 2005 |access-date=6 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120706195955/http://nbp-info.ru/new/photo/070505_bush/index.html |archive-date=6 July 2012 }}. nbp-info.ru. 7 May 2005 The Latvian NBP was also active in anti-capitalist demonstrations and in anti-Nazi blockades during Remembrance Day of the Latvian Legionnaires.[https://web.archive.org/web/20130309004411/http://nbp-info.ru/new/photo/160306_riga/ День сопротивления в Риге. 16 марта 2006]. nbp-info.ru[https://web.archive.org/web/20130309004411/http://nbp-info.ru/new/photo/160305_riga/index.html Рига: Акция протеста против шествия нацистов 16 марта 2005]. nbp-info.ru

Largely based in Eastern Ukraine, the NBP initially joined forces with another small parties and signed a "Declaration of the Kiev Council of Slav Radical Nationalists" together with Ukrainian nationalists.[http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive1/ukraine/ukraine.htm Ukraine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204141312/http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive1/ukraine/ukraine.htm |date=4 December 2007 }}. Axt.org.uk. Retrieved on 23 February 2014. Later, Ukrainian national Bolsheviks were active in demonstrations against Ukrainian nationalists on the anniversary of the founding of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army.[http://www.nbp.kharkov.ua/news.php?readmore=46 АНТИ-УПА-2009] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425121937/http://www.nbp.kharkov.ua/news.php?readmore=46 |date=25 April 2011 }}. Nbp.kharkov.ua. Retrieved on 23 February 2014. National Bolsheviks also organized actions against the rapprochement of Ukraine–NATO relations.[http://www.nbp.kharkov.ua/news.php?readmore=6 «Нато-Stop!»] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127114441/http://www.nbp.kharkov.ua/news.php?readmore=6 |date=27 January 2010 }}. Nbp.kharkov.ua. Retrieved on 23 February 2014. During the Orange Revolution, the Ukrainian NBP decided to not support any side. National Bolsheviks also formed armed troop interbrigades and participated in the war in Donbas.[http://www.novorosinform.org/news/id/14371 "Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113015848/http://www.novorosinform.org/news/id/14371|date=13 November 2014}}.{{Cite web|url=https://interbrigada.org/nacboly-otbili-ataku-karatelej/|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20141112210231/http://interbrigada.org/nacboly-otbili-ataku-karatelej/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-11-12|title=Нацболы отбили атаку карателей |website=interbrigada.org|date=7 February 2018}}

In September 2021, the European Court of Human Rights found that there was a violation of Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights on account of the dissolution of the NBP association in 2004 and on account of the refusal to register the NBP political party, and awarded €10,000 jointly to the children of Limonov and four of his followers.{{Cite web|url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng?i=001-211785|title=HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights|website=hudoc.echr.coe.int}}

Until banning of the NBP in 2007

{|width="100%"

|width="33%" valign="top"|

• Zakhar Prilepin
• Vladimir Linderman
• Benes Ayo
• Sergei Aksenov
• Aleksandr Averin
• Andrei Dmitriev
• Sergei Fomchenkov
• Taisiya Osipova
• Maxim Gromov

|width="33%" valign="top"|

• Aleksandr Dugin
• Roman Konoplev

|width="33%" valign="top"|

• Eduard Limonov
• Yegor Letov
• Aleksandr Nepomniachtchi
• Natalya Medvedeva
• Aleksandr Dolmatov
• Yuriy Chervochkin
• Andrei Sukhorada
• Sergey Kuryokhin{{cite book|author=Franz Nicolay|title=The Humorless Ladies of Border Control: Touring the Punk Underground from Belgrade to Ulaanbaatar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zqv0CwAAQBAJ&q=Limonov+Kuryokhin&pg=PT63|year=2016|publisher=The New Press|isbn=978-1-620-97180-2}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sensusnovus.ru/interview/2012/07/09/13959.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023134354/http://www.sensusnovus.ru/interview/2012/07/09/13959.html|title=Сергей Курёхин: "Национал-большевизм — это свежий ветер и подвижничество"|trans-title=Sergey Kuryokhin: “National Bolshevism is a fresh wind and an ascetism”|last=Жвания|first=Дмитрий|work=Sensus Novus|language=ru|date=2012-07-09|access-date=2017-11-23|archive-date=2013-10-23|df=mdy-all|url-status=dead}}

|}

• Sud nad prizrakom (2002)
• Saratov (2002)
• Fuck off Mr. Bond! (2002)
• Da, smert (2004)
• Zuby drakona (2005)
• Les Enfants terribles de Vladimir Vladimirovitch Poutine (2006)
• The Revolution That Wasn't (2008)
• Utopie Russe (2014)
• Can't Get You Out of My Head (TV series) (2021)

By Eduard Limonov

• Anatomy of a Hero (1997)
• My Political Biography (2002)
• Russian Psycho (2003)
• The Other Russia (2003)

By other authors

• Ultranormalnost (2005), a novel by Natan Dubovitskiy
• Generation of Limonka (2005),[http://www.ultraculture.ru/217/ Поколение Лимонки] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025115756/http://www.ultraculture.ru/217/ |date=25 October 2014 }}. ultraculture.ru a collection of short stories by multiple young Russian authors
• The Gospel of the Extremist (2005), a novel by Roman Konoplev
• Sankya (2006), a novel by Zakhar Prilepin
• The Way of the Hongweibin (2006), a novel by Dmitri Zhvaniya
• A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia a book by Anna Politkovskaya
• Truth of the Trenches of the Chechen War (2007),[http://ru.delfi.lt/archive/okopnaya-pravda-chechenskoj-vojny.d?id=16975435 Окопная правда Чеченской войны]. ru.delfi.lt a collection of articles by multiple Russian authors
• 12 Who Don't Agree (2009), a non-fiction book by Valery Panyushkin
• Girls of the Party (2011), a photo-album by Sergei Belyak
• Limonka to Prison (2012),{{Cite web|url=https://genefis-gbr.ru/zahar-prilepin-predstavlyaet-limonka-v-tyurmu/|title=Захар Прилепин представляет: Лимонка в тюрьму|website=Группа Быстрого Реагирования - портал о культуре и музыке}}{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldbookreview.ru/limonka-v-tyurmu/ |title=Лимонка в тюрьму worldbookreview.ru |access-date=22 June 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080641/http://www.worldbookreview.ru/limonka-v-tyurmu/ |url-status=dead }} a novel by NBP political prisoners
• Limonov (2011), a biographical novel by Emmanuel Carrère
• Religion of the Furious (2013), a novel by Ekaterina Rysk

• Orda, a comic book by Igor Baranko

{{Reflist|group=n}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• The Beast Reawakens (1997) by Martin A. Lee

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122065905/http://nbp-info.com/ National Bolshevik Party] – old website (archived)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103064031/http://eng.nbp-info.ru/ National Bolshevik Party website] (archived)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20100103030917/http://www.nazbol.ru/ Nazbol – website of Russian national-bolsheviks] (archived)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20180610200853/http://nazbol.cc/ NBP-INFO] – National Bolshevik blog
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801011617/http://limonka.nbp-info.ru/ Limonka]
• [https://www.youtube.com/@nazbolmemories1572/videos Nazbol memories] video archive
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090822024008/http://www.robertamsterdam.com/2007/08/andrei_dmitriev_who_are_the_na.htm Who Are the National-Bolsheviks?] by Andrei Dmitriev
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140814095929/http://approve.sx/ukraine-foreigners-fight-socialism-greater-russia/ An interview with national-bolshevik Benes Ayo]
• [http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1058689.html Russia: National Bolsheviks, The Party Of 'Direct Action'] from Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

{{Banned political parties in Russia}}

{{Eduard Limonov}}

{{Russian nationalism}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1993 establishments in Russia

Category:Banned communist parties

Category:Banned far-right parties

Category:Banned political parties in Russia

Category:Russian counterculture of the 1990s

Category:Defunct communist parties in Russia

Category:Defunct nationalist parties in Russia

Category:Direct action

Category:Left-wing nationalist parties

Category:Political parties established in 1993

Category:Syncretic political movements

Category:Neo-Sovietism

Category:Far-left politics in Russia

Category:National Bolshevik parties in Russia

Category:Far-left political parties

Category:Political parties disestablished in 2007

Category:2007 disestablishments in Russia

Category:Opposition to Boris Yeltsin

Category:Opposition to Vladimir Putin

Category:Defunct far-right parties

Category:European Court of Human Rights cases involving Russia

Category:Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights

Category:Political career of Eduard Limonov