Neotibicen

In 2015, these species were moved from the genus Tibicen (now genus Lyristes Horvath, 1926),{{cite journal |last1=International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |year=2021 |title=Opinion 2475 (Case 239) – Tibicina Kolenati, 1857 and Lyristes Horvath, 1926 (Insecta, Hemiptera): usage conserved by the suppression of Tibicen Berthold, 1827; Cicada Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Hemiptera): usage conserved by designation of Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758 as the type species |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/bzn/article/view/70708 |journal=Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=138–141 |doi=10.21805/bzn.v78.a032 |access-date=25 February 2022|url-access=subscription }} which was redefined in the twenty-first century to include only a few European species, while species from the Western United States and Mexico are now placed in a separate genus, Hadoa.{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Kathy B. R. |last2=Marshall |first2=David C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |last4=Simon |first4=Chris |year=2015 |title=Molecular phylogenetics, diversification, and systematics of Tibicen Latreille 1825 and allied cicadas of the tribe Cryptotympanini, with three new genera and emphasis on species from the USA and Canada (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3985.2.3 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3985 |issue=2 |pages=219–251 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3985.2.3 |pmid=26250031 |s2cid=4331792 |doi-access=free}} In addition, several former Neotibicen species have been moved to the genus Megatibicen.

{{div col}}

• Neotibicen auriferus (Say, 1825) – Field cicada
• Neotibicen canicularis (Harris, 1841) – Dog-day cicada or dog-day harvestfly
• Neotibicen davisi
• Neotibicen davisi davisi (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Davis's southeastern dog-day cicada
• Neotibicen davisi harnedi (Davis, 1918)
• Neotibicen latifasciatus (Davis, 1915) – Coastal scissor grinder cicada
• Neotibicen linnei (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Linne's cicada
• Neotibicen lyricen
• Neotibicen lyricen engelhardti (Davis, 1910)
• Neotibicen lyricen lyricen (De Geer, 1773) – Lyric cicada
• Neotibicen lyricen virescens (Davis, 1935)
• Neotibicen pruinosus
• Neotibicen pruinosus fulvus (Beamer, 1924)
• Neotibicen pruinosus pruinosus (Say, 1825) – Scissor grinder cicada
• Neotibicen robinsonianus (Davis, 1922) – Robinson's cicada
• Neotibicen similaris
• Neotibicen similaris apalachicola Marshall and Hill, 2017
• Neotibicen similaris similaris (Smith and Grossbeck, 1907) – Similar dog-day cicada
• Neotibicen superbus (Fitch, 1855) – Superb southwestern cicada
• Neotibicen tibicen
• Neotibicen tibicen australis (Davis, 1912)
• Neotibicen tibicen tibicen (= Tibicen chloromerus) (Linnaeus, 1758) – Swamp cicada
• Neotibicen winnemanna (Davis, 1912) – Eastern scissor grinder cicada
• {{dagger}}Neotibicen bermudianus (Verrill, 1902) – Bermuda cicada (extinct){{div col end}}

Neotibicen cicadas are {{convert|1|-|2|in}} long, with characteristic green, brown, and black markings on the top of the thorax, and tented, membranous wings extending past the abdomen.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} The fore wings are about twice the length of the hindwings. Adults feed using their beak to tap into the xylem of plants; nymphs feed from the xylem of roots.Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. 2007. The Songs of Insects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 184. {{ISBN|0618663975}}

Neotibicen species are the most commonly encountered cicadas in the eastern United States. Unlike periodical cicadas, whose appearances aboveground occur at 13- or 17-year intervals, Neotibicen species can be seen every year, hence their nickname "annual cicadas". Despite their annual appearances, Neotibicen probably take multiple years to develop underground, because all cicada species for which life cycle lengths have been measured do so, except when growing as agricultural pests.{{Cite journal |title=Genome expansion via lineage splitting and genome reduction in the cicada endosymbiont Hodgkinia | PNAS |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=18 August 2015 |volume=112 |issue=33 |pages=10192–10199 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1421386112 |url=https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/suppl/2015/05/16/1421386112.DCSupplemental/pnas.201421386SI.pdf |accessdate=3 August 2023 |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew A. |last2=Van Leuven |first2=James T. |last3=Meister |first3=Russell C. |last4=Carey |first4=Kaitlin M. |last5=Simon |first5=Chris |last6=McCutcheon |first6=John P. |doi-access=free |pmid=26286984 |pmc=4547289 }} Their annual reappearance is presumably due to overlapping generations.

Like other members of the subfamily Cicadinae, Neotibicen species have loud, complex songs, even (in many cases) with distinct song phrases.{{cite web |title= Cicadas of the United States and Canada East of the 100th Meridian |url=http://www.insectsingers.com/100th_meridian_cicadas/index.html |publisher= InsectSingers.com|access-date=13 June 2011}}

Males produce loud calls in the afternoon or evening (depending on the species) to attract females. These sounds, distinctive for each species,Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. 2007. The Songs of Insects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 19. {{ISBN|0618663975}} are produced by specialized tymbal organs on the abdomen as in most cicadas. These calls range from a loud buzz to a long rattling sound, sometimes with a pulsating quality.

Many animals feed on cicadas, which usually occurs during the final days when they become easy prey near the ground. One of the more notable predators is the cicada killer, a large wasp that catches the dog-day cicada.{{Cite web |title=Annual Cicada Neotibicen |url=https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/caes/documents/publications/fact_sheets/entomology/annual_cicada_neotibicen.pdf |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station}} After catching and stinging the insect to paralyze it, the cicada killer carries it back to its hole and drags it underground to a chamber where it lays its eggs in the paralyzed cicada.{{Cite web |title=Cicada Killer Wasp Sphecius |url=https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/caes/documents/publications/fact_sheets/entomology/cicada_killer_wasp_sphecius.pdf |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station}} When the eggs hatch, the wasp larvae feed on the paralyzed, but still living, cicada.{{Cite web |title=Pest Update (February 28, 2007) |url=https://danr.sd.gov/Conservation/Forestry/ForestHealth/Docs/TreePestAlerts-2017/08-09-2017.pdf |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=South Dakota Department of Agriculture & Natural Resources}}{{Rp|page=4}}

Image:Tibicen_chloromera_2005.jpg|Emerging N. tibicen, New Jersey, US

Image:Malformed_Tibicen_chloromera.jpg|Malformed N. tibicen, New Jersey, US

Image:Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif|Photo series of Neotibicen sp. moulting, Ohio, US

File:Tibicen husks on fence 01.jpg|Husks left after moulting

File:Mating Tibicen canicularis.jpg|Mating N. canicularis

File:Cicada shell 1.jpg|Shell after molting, the head was up

File:Cicada shell - close up of head.jpg|Close-up of the head area

File:Annual cicada pupating 2024-08-12 No 1.jpg|Neotibicen cicada pupating

File:Annual cicada pupating 2024-08-12 No 2.jpg|Neotibicen cicada pupating

File:Annual cicada pupating 2024-08-12 No 3.jpg|Neotibicen cicada pupating

{{Reflist |refs=

{{Cite journal

| last1 = Sanborn | first1 = Allen F.

| last2 = Heath | first2 = Maxine S.

| date = 2016

| title = Megatibicen n. gen., a new North American cicada genus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae: Cryptotympanini)

| journal = Zootaxa

| publisher = Magnolia Press

| volume = 4168

| issue = 3

| pages = 577–582

| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.10

| pmid = 27701330

| url = http://publication.plazi.org/id/FF91FC2D5B2FFF8DFFFAFFB3C759587E

}}

{{Cite journal

| last1 = Marshall | first1 = David C.

| last2 = Moulds | first2 = Max

| last3 = Hill | first3 = Kathy B. R.

| last4 = Price | first4 = Benjamin W.

| last5 = Wade | first5 = Elizabeth J.

| last6 = Owen | first6 = Christopher L.

| last7 = Goemans | first7 = Geert

| last8 = Marathe | first8 = Kiran

| last9 = Sarkar | first9 = Vivek

| last10 = Cooley | first10 = John R.

| last11 = Sanborn | first11 = Allen F.

| last12 = Kunte | first12 = Krushnamegh

| last13 = Villet | first13 = Martin H.

| last14 = Simon | first14 = Chris

| display-authors = 4

| date = 2018

| title = A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification

| journal = Zootaxa

| publisher = Magnolia Press

| volume = 4424

| issue = 1

| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 | pmid = 30313477 | pages = 1–64

| doi-access =

}}

}}

{{commons category|Neotibicen}}

{{Wikispecies|Neotibicen}}

• [http://www.masscic.org/ Massachusetts Cicadas]
• [http://www.insectsingers.com/ InsectSingers.com.] - acoustic signaling insects

{{Neotibicen}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q24238626}}

Category:Cryptotympanini

Category:Cicadidae genera