Netball in Oceania

{{main|Netball in New Zealand}}

In New Zealand, netball is the most popular women's participation sport. In 1984, there were 114,210 players.{{harvnb|Van Bottenburg|2001|p=214}} There are over 11,000 teams and 120,440 players.{{harvnb|Thompson|2002|p=258}} The only sport that comes close is golf, which has 128,860 male and female players. Ninety-eight percent of New Zealand netball players are female.{{harvnb|Van Bottenburg|2001|p=169}} The sports with the next highest rates of female participation are field hockey and horse racing, both at sixty-four percent.{{harvnb|Van Bottenburg|2001|p=170}} Netball is extremely popular amongst Māori women, who are more active in sport in general than their white counterparts.{{harvnb|Thompson|2002|p=257}} New Zealand took part in the 1960 netball meeting of Commonwealth countries to try to standardise the rules for the game.{{harvnb|International Federation of Netball Associations|2008}} New Zealand has a history of netball being a spectator sport with the games being televised on TVNZ. The 1999 Netball World Championships final between Australia and New Zealand was the highest rated program ever on New Zealand television. New Zealand also has a men's national team that has competed in the 2009 and 2011 International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournaments. As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number two in the world.

{{main|Netball in the Cook Islands}}

The Cook Islands are a major netball playing country in Oceania,{{harvnb|Netball Singapore|2011b}} with over 1,000 registered members.{{harvnb|Cook Islands Netball Association|2009}} The game became popular during the 1970s, and the team has been an important in the region since then.{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=13}} The country has participated at several international events including the Pacific Games, the Commonwealth Games,{{harvnb|Crocombe|1990|p=54}} the Netball World Championships, the World Games, the Oceania Netball Tournament, the World Youth Netball Championship, and the International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament.{{harvnb|Samoa Observer|2011}} Netball has much grass roots support and is an important part of life for many women on the islands.{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=145}}{{harvnb|Alexeyeff|2009|p=85}} Netball started to grow in popularity during the 1970s. The sport's popularity is partly due to the influence of New Zealand, where Cook Island players have competed for New Zealand's national team. New Zealand worked hard to develop the sport in the country during the 1980s, when they hosted a number of coaching and umpiring clinics. Participation in the international netball community has helped raise the Cook Islands profile globally.{{harvnb|Sissions|1999|p=128}}{{harvnb|Pacific Islands Political Studies Association|1994|p=280}} The Cook Islands won the netball competition at the first South Pacific Games (now Pacific Games), held in 1981. In the 1987 Netball World Championships held in Scotland the Cook Islands team came in sixth. At the World Games 1989 in Germany, the team came fourth. In the 1990 Oceania Netball Tournament, the team beat New Zealand, Tonga and Fiji to come in second, behind Australia. At the 1992 World Youth Cup in Samoa, the Cook Islands U-21 team beat several high-profile international teams including Wales, Samoa, and England. The Cook Islands defeat of Canada, 114–13, in that tournament was a record for the highest number of points scored in the tournament. The Cook Islands has a national team that competes in the international Golden Oldies netball tournament.{{harvnb|Crocombe|2007|p=427}} In 2004, a team from the Cook Islands competed in the International Schoolgirls Netball Challenge.{{harvnb|School Sport Australia|2011}} The country hosted the 2008 World Youth Championship{{harvnb|Jonassen|Tikivanotau|2008|p=148}} and the 2009 International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament. As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number twenty-three in the world.{{cite web |author=International Netball Federation |title=Current World Rankings |url=http://www.netball.org/thrilling-world-class-events/current-world-rankings}} Last updated 20 August 2016.

File:Natalei netball.jpg

{{main|Netball in Fiji}}

Women's participation in netball in Fiji is comparable to men's participation in rugby.{{harvnb|Starnes|Luckham|2009|p=42}} The sport started to grow in popularity during the 1970s. Netball has a large amount of grassroots support in Fiji. Games are most often played by girls on Saturdays during the winter, though games can be played at all times of the year. Samoa and Fiji are traditional netball rivals. This rivalry can be seen at events like Pacific Games. Fiji was supposed to host the 2007 World Netball Championship, but a military coup occurred. IFNA decided to move the championship to Auckland instead. Fiji has a men's national team that has competed in the 2009 and 2011 International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament. As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number seven in the world.

{{main|Netball in Samoa}}

Netball has a large amount of grassroots support in Samoa. Games are most often played by girls on Saturdays during the winter, though games can be played at all times of the year. The sport started to grow in popularity during the 1970s. Rita Fatialofa was a Samoan netball player, who later went on to compete on New Zealand's national team. She became the coach for the Samoan national team, qualifying them for every Pacific Games.{{harvnb|Lal|Fortune|2000|p=462}} Samoa and Fiji are traditional netball rivals. This rivalry can be seen at events like Pacific Games. Samoa has a men's national team that has competed in the 2009 and 2011 International Challenge Men's and Mixed Netball Tournament. At Gay Games VI held in 2000, a transgender netball team from Samoa competed.{{harvnb|Symons|Hemphill|2006|p=122}} As of August 2016, the women's national team was ranked number fourteen in the world.

• Netball in Papua New Guinea
• Netball in Niue
• Netball in the Solomon Islands
• Netball in Tonga
• Netball in Vanuatu
• Netball in Australia

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite book |last=Alexeyeff |first=Kalissa |title=Dancing from the heart : movement, gender, and Cook Islands globalization |year=2009 |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |isbn=978-0-8248-3244-5 |oclc=0824832442}}
• {{cite web |author=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/4177.02005-06?OpenDocument |title=4177.0 – Participation in Sports and Physical Recreation, Australia 2005–06 |year=2006 |access-date=28 February 2011 }}
• {{cite journal |last=Brawley |first=Sean |title=CHAPTER 9: The Pacific Islander Community |publisher=EBSCOhost |journal=Sporting Immigrants: Sport & Ethnicity in Australia |pages=116–125 |date = January 1997 }}
• {{cite web |author=Cook Islands Netball Association |title=About Us |url=http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=2-2732-0-0-0&sID=26818 |year=2009 |access-date=6 March 2011 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Voluntary service and development in the Cook Islands |year=1990 |publisher=Cook Islands Extension Centre : Institute of Pacific Studies of the University of the South Pacific |isbn=982-02-0023-7 |oclc=28814053 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Pacific neighbours : New Zealand's relations with other Pacific Islands : Aotearoa me Nga Moutere o te Moana Nui a Kiwa |year=1992 |publisher=Centre for Pacific Studies, University of Canterbury : Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific |isbn=982-02-0078-4 |oclc=28814021}}
• {{Cite book |last=Crocombe |first=R G |title=Asia in the Pacific Islands : replacing the West |year=2007 |publisher=CIPS Publications, University of the South Pacific |isbn=982-02-0388-0 |oclc=213886360 }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Davis|first1=Luke |last2=Davis|first2=Damien |title=Netball |publisher=Macmillan Education |series=Getting into |year=2006 |isbn=0-7329-9987-1 |oclc=156762948 }}
• {{cite web |author=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade |url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/sporting_events.html |title=About Australia: Sporting Events |date=May 2008 |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305113637/http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/sporting_events.html |archive-date=5 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}
• {{Cite web |author=International Federation of Netball Associations |date=15 June 2008 |title=History of Netball |url=http://www.netball.org/Netball.aspx?id=18 |access-date=2 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110306141537/http://www.netball.org/netball.aspx?id=18 |archive-date=6 March 2011}}
• {{Cite web |author=International Federation of Netball Associations |title=Current World Rankings |url=http://www.netball.org/IFNA.aspx?id=94 |date=21 January 2011 |access-date=4 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519025332/http://www.netball.org/IFNA.aspx?id=94 |archive-date=19 May 2011}}
• {{cite journal |last1=Jonassen|first1=M |last2=Tikivanotau |first2=Jon |title=Cook Islands |journal=Polynesia in Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008 |volume=21 |number=1| year=2008 | url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/contemporary_pacific/v021/21.1.jonassen_sub04.pdf |access-date=6 March 2011 }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Lal |first1=Brij Vilash |last2=Fortune |first2=Kate |title=The Pacific islands : an encyclopedia |publisher=University of Hawai'i press |year=2000 |isbn=0-8248-2265-X |oclc=468583962 }}
• {{Cite book |last=McKinnon |first=Rowan |title=South Pacific [the only guide to the entire South Pacific] |year=2009 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-786-8 |oclc=610105853 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/southpacific0000unse }}
• {{cite web |author=Netball Singapore |title=Milestones |url=http://www.netball.org.sg/pages/4-milestones |year=2011b |access-date=1 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218011704/http://www.netball.org.sg/pages/4-milestones |archive-date=18 February 2011}}
• {{Cite book |author=Pacific Islands Political Studies Association |title=New politics in the South Pacific |year=1994 |publisher=Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific in association with the Pacific Islands Political Studies Association |isbn=982-02-0115-2 |oclc=36306453 }}
• {{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Jock |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/sports-and-leisure/4 |title='Sports and leisure – Organised sports', Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |date=8 February 2011 |access-date=1 March 2011 }}
• {{cite web |author=Samoa Observer |title=A journey of a thousand miles begins for Samoa national men's netball team |publisher=Samoa Observer |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31692:a-journey&catid=34:sports&Itemid=54 |date=28 February 2011 |access-date=2 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319010805/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31692:a-journey&catid=34:sports&Itemid=54 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite web |author=School Sport Australia |title=Netball |url=http://www.schoolsport.edu.au/about/sportinfo/netball.aspx |year=2011 |access-date=6 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309011101/https://www.schoolsport.edu.au/about/sportinfo/netball.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2011}}
• {{Cite book |last=Sissions |first=Jeffrey |title=Nation and destination : creating Cook Islands identity |year=1999 |publisher=Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific |isbn=982-02-0142-X |oclc=248422251 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Sperlich |first= Wolfgang B |title=Tohi vagahau Niue : Niuean-English, with English-Niuean finderlist = Niue language dictionary |year=1997 |publisher=Government of Niue |isbn=0824819330 |oclc=231713590 }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Starnes |first1=Dean |last2=Luckham |first2=Nana |title=Lonely Planet Fiji |year=2009 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74104-793-6 |oclc=312626596 }}
• {{Cite book |last1=Symons |first1=Carol |last2=Hemphill |first2=Dennis |editor1-last=Caudwell|editor1-first=Jayne |title=Sport, sexualities and queer/theory |chapter=Netball and transgender participation |publisher=Routledge |series=Routledge Critical Studies in Sport |date=November 2006|pages=122–124 |location=London |isbn=0-415-36761-1 |oclc=66392801 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Shona M. |editor1-last=Pfister |editor1-first=Gertrud |editor2-last=Hartmann-Tews |editor2-first=Ilse |title=Sport and Women: Social Issues in International Perspective |chapter=Women and sport in New Zealand |series=International Society for Comparative Physical Education & Sport |publisher=Routledge |date=December 2002|location=New York |isbn=0-415-24628-8 |oclc=50204306 }}
• {{Cite book |last=Van Bottenburg |first=Maarten |title=Global games |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2001 |isbn=0-252-02654-3 }}

{{refend}}

{{Netball}}

{{Oceania Netball}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Netball in Oceania}}