Northern Pakistan
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Geographical region in Pakistan}}
{{Distinguish|Gilgit-Baltistan{{!}}Northern Areas, Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Northern Pakistan
| native_name = {{Nastaliq|شمالی پاکستان}}
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| align = center
| total_width = 250
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = K2, Mount Godwin Austen, Chogori, Savage Mountain.jpg
| caption1 = K2 (8,611m)
| alt1 =
| image2 = Nanga Parbat The Killer Mountain.jpg
| caption2 = Nanga Parbat (8,126m)
| alt2 =
| image3 = Shangrila, Lower Kachura Lake.jpg
| caption3 = Shangrila Lake
| alt3 =
| image4 = The Land of Giants, Deosai.jpg
| caption4 = Deosai Plains
| alt4 =
| image5 = Lake of Chitta Khatta, Kashmir.jpg
| caption5 = Chitta Katha Lake
| alt5 =
| image6 = River Swat Pakistan 3.jpg
| caption6 = Swat River
| alt6 =
| image7 = Saif ul malook lake-01.jpg
| caption7 = Lake Saiful Muluk
| alt7 =
| image8 = Snow Lake Pakistan.jpg
| caption8 = Biafo Glacier (67 km long)
| alt8 =
| image9 = Jheeka Gali Murree Pakistan in Winter.jpg
| caption9 = Jhika Gali
| alt9 =
}}
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}}
| subdivision_type1 = Adm. Units
| area_footnotes =
| area_note = {{efn|name=c|The total area of regions of Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir, Rawalpindi Division, Islamabad Capital Territory and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.}}
| subdivision_type2 = Largest city
| subdivision_name2 = Rawalpindi
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 210,954
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = PKT
| utc_offset1 = +05:00
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| official_name =
| native_name_lang = ur
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Azad Kashmir|name=Azad Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{flag|Gilgit-Baltistan}}
{{flag|Islamabad}}
{{flag|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}
{{flag|Punjab, Pakistan|name=Punjab}} (Rawalpindi Division)
| settlement_type = Region
}}
Northern Pakistan ({{Text|Urdu: {{Lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|شمالی پاکستان}}|rtl=yes}}}} {{small|ALA-LC:}} {{transliteration|ur|ALA-LC|śimālī Pākistān}}) is a tourism region in northern and north-western parts of Pakistan, comprising the administrative units of Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly known as Northern Areas), Azad Kashmir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamabad Capital Territory and the Rawalpindi Division in Punjab.{{Cite book |last1=Öztürk |first1=Münir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1X1CAAAQBAJ |title=Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems |last2=Hakeem |first2=Khalid Rehman |last3=Faridah-Hanum |first3=I. |last4=Efe |first4=Recep |date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-12859-7 |pages=455 |language=en |quote=The northern Pakistan covers Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, the upper region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including Chitral, and some parts of the central and northern regions of Pakistan.}}{{cite web|title=Islamabad history |publisher=Pakistan.net |url=http://www.pakistan.net/cities/islamabad/islamabad.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630100106/http://www.pakistan.net/cities/islamabad/islamabad.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2008|quote=Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan, and is located in the Potohar Plateau in the north of the country...}} The first two territories are a part of the wider Kashmir region.{{efn|name=a|The Kashmir region also includes Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir which are claimed by Pakistan due to ongoing Kashmir conflict. These portions are de facto under Indian control.}} It is a mountainous region straddling the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush mountain ranges, containing many of the highest peaks in the world and some of the longest glaciers outside polar regions.{{Cite book |last1=Öztürk |first1=Münir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v1X1CAAAQBAJ |title=Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems |last2=Hakeem |first2=Khalid Rehman |last3=Faridah-Hanum |first3=I. |last4=Efe |first4=Recep |date=2015-05-05 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-12859-7 |pages=455–456 |language=en}} Northern Pakistan accounts for a high level of Pakistan's tourism industry.{{cite web | url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/beautiful-natural-wonders | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225192410/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/beautiful-natural-wonders | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 February 2021 | title=Explore Pakistan's wildest, most beautiful landscapes | website=National Geographic Society | date=16 August 2022 }}
Geography
The geography of Northern Pakistan is mountainous and terrain is different in each part.{{cite web | url=https://www.smartertravel.com/swat-valley-mini-switzerland-pakistan-pakistan-better-tips-better-trips/ | title=Swat Valley, Mini Switzerland of Pakistan, Pakistan: Better Tips for Better Trips | date=16 February 2017 }}{{cite web | url=https://seepakistantours.com/northern-areas-of-pakistan/ | title=Northern Areas of Pakistan | date=2 April 2019 }} The Karakoram range in Gilgit Baltistan cover the border between Pakistan, India and China in the regions of Ladakh and Xinjiang. The Himalayan range in Pakistan occupies the regions of Kashmir, Kaghan, Kohistan, Deosai and Chilas. The Hindu Kush rises southwest of the Pamirs extending into Swat and Kohistan areas, separated on the east from Karakoram by the Indus River.
Snow often falls in the winter and many towns are closed such as Naran.{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2333932/steps-being-taken-to-promote-winter-tourism | title='Steps being taken to promote winter tourism' | date=14 December 2021}}
Climate
The climate of Northern Pakistan is much colder than that of the rest of the country, and it has many glaciers and ice-capped mountains, earning it the nickname "Earth's 3rd pole".{{Cite web |title=SERVIR Hindu Kush Himalaya - NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/servir/servir-hindu-kush-himalaya/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |language=en-US}} The winters (Nov-Mar) are cold and dry, while the summers (Apr-Jun) are warm to hot and very rainy. The rest of the year is warm and sunny.
Flora and fauna
The regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Gilgit Baltistan include portions of two biodiversity hotspots; Mountains of Central Asia and Himalayas.{{Cite web |url=https://lms.su.edu.pk/lesson/200/week-7-biodiversity-hot-spots-of-pakistan-and-the-world&ved=2ahUKEwju6MmQsdb7AhWBPewKHYc4CzI4ChAWegQIDBAB&usg=AOvVaw2BY2XK5dy7SgPlRJHdnYH7 |access-date=2022-11-30 |title=Biodiversity Hot spots of Pakistan and the world - SU LMS}} Some of the wildlife species found in northern mountainous areas and Pothohar Plateau include the Bharal, Eurasian lynx, Himalayan goral, Marco Polo sheep, Marmot (in Deosai National Park) and Yellow-throated marten and birds species of Chukar partridge, Eurasian eagle-owl, Himalayan monal and Himalayan snowcock and amphibian species of Himalayan toad and Muree Hills frog. Threatened species include the Snow leopard, Himalayan brown bear, Indian wolf, Rhesus macaque, Markhor, Siberian ibex and White-bellied musk deer.{{cite journal |author=Anwar, M.B. |author2=Jackson, R. |author3=Nadeem, M.S. |author4=Janečka, J.E. |author5=Hussain, S. |author6=Beg, M.A. |author7=Muhammad, G. |author8=Qayyum, M. |year=2011 |title= Food habits of the snow leopard and common leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan |journal=European Journal of Wildlife Research |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=1077–1083 |doi=10.1007/s10344-011-0521-2|s2cid=3004597 }}
Locations
The western part of Northern Pakistan include Chitral, Dir, Swat, Shangla, Kolai-Palas, Battagram, Kohistan, and Mansehra. These include the famous tourist spots of Chitral, Kalash Valley, Bahrain and Kalam.{{cite web | url=https://mytrip.pk/tour/swat-chitral-tour-29 | title=MyTrip - Swat and Chitral }}{{cite web | url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g317115-Activities-c57-Chitral_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Province.html | title=THE 10 BEST Parks & Nature Attractions in Chitral }}
Along the Karakoram Highway are major destinations for tourists including the famous Kaghan Valley, Babusar Top, Fairy Meadows, Rakaposhi, Nanga Parbat, Attabad Lake, and Lulusar Lake.{{cite web | url=https://onthewayaround.com/karakoram-highway/ | title=How to Travel the Karakoram Highway (Backpacker's Guide) | date=7 April 2020 }} Main cities or towns include Mansehra, Balakot, Kiwai, Naran, Kaghan, Batakundi, Jalkhad, Tatta Pani, Chilas, Gilgit, Karimabad, and Passu.{{cite web | url=https://www.trangotour.com/2014/07/name-of-cities-along-karakorum-highway.html | title=Major cities, towns, valleys and villages along the Karakorum Highway }}{{cite web | url=https://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1182198 | title=سی پیک سیاحت: شاہراہِ قراقرم پر پہلا قدم (پہلی قسط) | date=20 May 2022 }}
To the east of the Pothohar Plateau is located Azad Kashmir.{{cite web | url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g3576442-Activities-Azad_Kashmir.html | title=THE 15 BEST Things to do in Azad Kashmir - 2022 (With Photos) }} Main cities of Azad Kashmir include Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Rawalakot, and Sharda.{{cite web | url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g3576442-Azad_Kashmir-Vacations.html | title=Azad Kashmir 2022: Best Places to Visit }} Banjosa Lake is a major attraction in Poonch district.{{cite web | url=https://sco.gov.pk/banjosa-lake/ | title=Banjosa Lake }}
Notes
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References
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{{Geography of Pakistan}}
{{Portal bar|Pakistan}}
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Category:Landforms of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Category:Landforms of Gilgit-Baltistan