Octopus minor

This species was published as one subgroup of the species, Polypus macropus var. minor Sasaki, 1920 by Madoka Sasaki, Japanese Malacologist.{{Cite journal|last=Sasaki|first=M.|author-link=Madoka Sasaki |date=1920 |title=Report on cephalopods collected during 1906 by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the northwestern Pacific|journal=Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum |volume=57 |issue=2310|pages=163–203|doi=10.5479/si.00963801.57-2310.163|issn=0096-3801|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/38411 }}He used the term "var.", but it was before 1961, and do not intend to place the rank lower than subspecies, so the name minor is available as a subspecific name under Article 45.6.4. in ICZN. He also used genus Polypus Schneider, 1784 according to following Hoyle's work in 1901, despite Polypus Schneider, 1784 is non-binomial. Today, Polypus Hoyle, 1901 is treated as Octopus Cuvier, 1979 because of its priority. Later, he moved it to another species, Polypus variabilis Sasaki, 1929 var. minor Sasaki, 1920, to distinguish it from P. macropus (=Callistoctopus macropus).{{Cite journal|last=Sasaki|first=M.|author-link=Madoka Sasaki |date=1929|title=A Monograph of the Dibranchiate Cephalopods of the Japanese and Adjacent Water|issue=suppl |pages=95–96|place=Sapporo|journal=Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University|volume=20 |hdl=2115/12617 |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2115/12617}} In 1965, Iwao Taki transferred the name to Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920).{{Cite book|last=Taki|first=I.|author-link=Iwao Taki |date=1965 |chapter=Cephalopoda|editor1=Y. K. Okada|editor2=S. Uchida|editor3=T. Uchida|title=New Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Fauna of Japan, vol. 2|pages=307–326|publisher=Hokuryukan |place=Tokyo|lang=ja}} Sometimes referred as 'Octopus' minor, because genus Octopus is paraphyletic.{{Cite book|last1=Norman |first1=M.D. |last2=Finn |first2=J. K. |last3=Hochberg |first3=F.G. |date=2016|chapter=Family Octopodidae |pages=200–201|editor=Jereb, P.; Roper, C.F.E.; Norman, M.D.; Finn, J.K.|title=Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids|series=FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 3 |place=Rome|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |isbn=978-92-5-107989-8}}

Kaneko et al. (2011) noted that O. minor is the member of genus Callistoctopus Taki, 1964 morphologically. So they transferred it Callistoctopus minor (Sasaki, 1920). It is also proved phylogenetically based on mtDNA (COI and COIII).{{Cite journal|last1=Kaneko|first1=N. |last2=Kubodera|first2=T. |author2-link=Tsunemi Kubodera |last3=Iguchi|first3=A.|date=2011|title=Taxonomic Study of Shallow-Water Octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Japan and Adjacent Waters using Mitochondrial Genes with Perspectives on Octopus DNA Barcoding |journal=Malacologia |volume=54|issue=1–2|pages=97–108|doi=10.4002/040.054.0102|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/388784 }} This relationship is supported by molecular phylogenetic trees in the following research.{{Cite journal|last1=Acosta-Jofré |first1=M.S. |last2=Sahade |first2=R. |last3=Laudien|first3=J. |last4=Chiappero|first4=M.B. |date=2012|title=A contribution to the understanding of phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Octopus (Octopodidae: Cephalopoda) |journal=Scientia Marina |volume=76|issue=2|pages=311–318|doi=10.3989/scimar.03365.03B|bibcode=2012ScMar..76..311A }}{{Cite journal|last1=de Luna Sales |first1=J.B. |last2=Haimovici |first2=M. |last3=Ready |first3=J.S. |last4=Souza |first4=R.F. |last5=Ferreira |first5=Y. |last6=de Cassia Silva Pinon |first6=J. |last7=Costa |first7=L.F.C. |last8=Asp |first8=N.E. |last9=Sampaio |first9=I. |last10=Schneider |first10=H. |date=2019 |title=Surveying cephalopod diversity of the Amazon reef system using samples from red snapper stomachs and description of a new genus and species of octopus |journal=Sci. Rep. |volume=9|number=5956|page=5956 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-42464-8|pmid=30976082|pmc=6459862|bibcode=2019NatSR...9.5956D }}{{Cite journal|last1=Ibáñez|first1=C.M. |last2=Fenwick|first2=M. |last3=Ritchie|first3=P. A. |last4=Carrasco|first4=S. A. |last5=Pardo-Gandarillas|first5=M. C.|date=2020|title=Systematics and Phylogenetic Relationships of New Zealand Benthic Octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodoidea) |journal=Front. Mar. Sci. |volume=7|issue=182|pages=1–13|doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00182|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020FrMaS...7..182I }}{{Cite journal|last1=Magallón-Gayón|first1=E. |last2=del Río-Portilla|first2=M.Á. |last3=Barriga-Sosa|first3=I. de los A.|date=2020 |title=The complete mitochondrial genomes of two octopods of the eastern Pacific Ocean: Octopus mimus and 'Octopus' fitchi (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) and their phylogenetic position within Octopoda|journal=Molecular Biology Reports |volume=47|issue=2 |pages=943–952|doi=10.1007/s11033-019-05186-8|pmid=31758495 }}{{Cite journal|last1=Taite|first1=M.|first2=F.Á. |last2=Fernández-Álvarez |first3=H.E. |last3=Braid |first4=S.L. |last4=Bush |first5=K. |last5=Bolstad |first6=J. |last6=Drewery |first7=S. |last7=Mills |author8=Strugnell, J.M.; Vecchione, M.; Villanueva, R.; Voight, J.R. & Allcock, A.L. |date=2023|title=Genome skimming elucidates the evolutionary history of Octopoda |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=182|pages=107729|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107729|pmid=36773750 |bibcode=2023MolPE.18207729T |hdl=10261/329953 |hdl-access=free }} Several researchers still use the old name "Octopus minor".

File:Long arm octopus (Octopus minor).jpg]]

The O. minor, similar to the rest of its order Octopoda, is bilaterally symmetrical along a dorsoventral axis with two eyes and mouth surrounded by eight webbed arms.{{Citation|date=2020|title=Invertebrate Zoology [Working Title]|doi=10.5772/intechopen.82957|s2cid=243042155 }} These arms contain two-thirds of the octopus's neurons.{{Cite book|last=Wells|first=M. J.|date=1978|title=Octopus|doi=10.1007/978-94-017-2468-5|isbn=978-94-017-2470-8}} On the underside of these arms, O. minor has "suckers" which are circular, adhesive suction cups. These are predominantly used for manipulation, navigation, and for preparing food. O. minor has a bulbous mantle and visceral hump which contains the majority of its fundamental organs.{{Citation |chapter=Cephalopoda |doi=10.1007/3-540-31078-9_29 |title=Paleontology |series=Encyclopedia of Earth Science |date=1979 |last1=Glenister |first1=Brian F. |pages=170–183 |isbn=0-87933-185-2 }}

O. minor is small and soft-bodied with long arms, hence its nickname "long-arm octopus",{{Citation |last=El-Bawab |first=Fatma |title=Phylum Mollusca |date=2020 |work=Invertebrate Embryology and Reproduction |pages=713–813 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-814114-4.00011-4 |isbn=978-0-12-814114-4 |s2cid=241314970}} or "whiparm octopus". Japanese common name is also "long-arm octopus" ({{lang|ja|テナガダコ}}, 手長蛸, tenaga-dako).{{Cite journal|last1=Habe|first1=T.|author1-link=:ja:波部忠重|date=1981|title=A Catalogue of Molluscs of Wakayama Prefecture, the Province of Kii I. Bivalvia, Scaphopoda and Cephalopoda|journal=Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory. Special Publication Series|volume=7 |page=250|lang=ja|doi=10.5134/176470 |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/176470/1/fic007_xiii.pdf}}{{Cite book|last1=Kubodera|first1=T. |author1-link=Tsunemi Kubodera|chapter=Chapter 9 Japanese octopus pictorial book |page=226 |title=Octopus biology|date=5 Jun 2013|editor=Takashi Okutani|editor-link=:ja:奥谷喬司|publisher=Tokai University Press|place=Hadano, Kanagawa|isbn=9784486019411}}

Their body surface is mostly smooth, with small pimples scattered on the dorsal surface. Live O. minor shows red-brown with light yellow spots on dorsal surfaces. It can be identified by its grey colouring which matches the sandy plains in which it is commonly found, however when it finds itself threatened or in danger, it will shift its coloration to a dark red.

Arms are thin and remarkably unequal in length. The first arm, the longest one, is about 80% of total length, which is twice length of third or fourth arms.

Funnel organ is VV-shaped.

Male has a hectocotylized arm to use for the mating. It is formed on right third arm, about half length of the left third arm. Ligula, the tip of the hectocotylized arm is large, spoon-shaped about 10–20% of the arm with about 42–48 suckers. Mature male also has enlarged suckers around level of 8th or 9th sucker pair, largest on the first arms.

The O. minor reaches a mantle size of {{convert|18|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=off}} with arms of up to {{convert|65|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|title=Octopus bimaculoides Care Sheet (two-spot octopus)|url=https://tonmo.com/articles/octopus-bimaculoides-care-sheet-two-spot-octopus.6/|website=The Octopus News Magazine Online|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}} It is on the smaller side of its class, compared to colossal squids which can reach lengths of over 10 metres (33 feet).{{cite web|title=Giant Squid {{!}} Smithsonian Ocean|url=https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/giant-squid|website=ocean.si.edu|date=30 April 2018 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}

O. minor, like other octopus populations, possesses predatory traits.{{cite journal|title=Digitoxin Metabolism by Rat Liver Microsomes|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10/|last1=A|first1=Schmoldt|last2=Hf|first2=Benthe|date=1975-09-01|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|language=en|pmid=10|access-date=2020-05-26|last3=G|first3=Haberland|volume=24|issue=17|pages=1639–41|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90094-5|hdl=10033/333424|hdl-access=free}} O. minor's diet coincides with that of other bottom-dwelling octopuses, with over 50% of its prey being fish, 25% by shellfish such as whelks and clams, the remainder being made up of crustaceans such as crabs, along with annelids and nematodes, other commonly found species sharing their habitat with O. minor.{{Cite journal|last1=Bo|first1=Qi-Kang|last2=Zheng|first2=Xiao-Dong|last3=Chen|first3=Zhi-Wei|date=2020-01-27|editor-last=Chapman|editor-first=Maura (Gee) Geraldine|title=Feeding intensity and molecular prey identification of the common long-armed octopus, Octopus minor (Mollusca: Octopodidae) in the wild|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=1|pages=e0220482|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0220482|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6984699|pmid=31986139|bibcode=2020PLoSO..1520482B|doi-access=free}} The smaller size of the octopus means rejection of larger species including rock scallops and large fish.

File:Img octopus arm and suckers 057513.jpg

The benthic nature of O. minor allows it to move between rocks and through crevices. Once it has identified its prey, it makes a sudden pounce, using its suckers to grip on and pull it in.{{cite journal|title=The Effect of Adrenaline and of Alpha- And Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents on ATP Concentration and on Incorporation of 32Pi Into ATP in Rat Fat Cells|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12/|last=Jm|first=Stein|date=1975-09-15|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=24|issue=18|pages=1659–62|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90002-7|language=en|pmid=12|access-date=2020-05-26}} The O. minor preys on smaller animals by trapping them in the web-like structure of its legs. The O. minor injects its prey with a paralyzing saliva, using miniature teeth at the end of its salivary papilla to dismember them. When targeting shelled molluscs, the O. minor creates a toxic saliva that enables the calcium carbonate of the shell to be broken down. Once the outer protection is penetrated, the prey's muscles relax, allowing the octopus to remove and eat its prey's soft tissues.

Feeding intensities differ between the males and females of the species. Different intensities revolve around the ovarian maturation calendar of the female octopus. From the months of April to July the intensity of feeding in females decreases, while in males it increases. While 10 different taxa have been identified within the stomach of the O. minor, the family Gobiidae was most prevalent during the female's ovarian maturation.

File:Octopus minor with scale.jpg

Different to other multi-limbed hydrostats such as crabs, the O. minor performs movements using all eight independent limbs.{{Cite journal|last1=Taylor|first1=Jennifer R. A.|last2=Kier|first2=William M.|date=April 2006|title=A pneumo-hydrostatic skeleton in land crabs|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=440|issue=7087|pages=1005|doi=10.1038/4401005a|pmid=16625186|s2cid=4431354|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free}} The arrangement of muscles within its arms allows for movement in any direction.{{Cite journal|last=Huffard|first=C. L.|date=2006-10-01|title=Locomotion by Abdopus aculeatus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae): walking the line between primary and secondary defenses|journal=Journal of Experimental Biology|language=en|volume=209|issue=19|pages=3697–3707|doi=10.1242/jeb.02435|pmid=16985187|issn=0022-0949|doi-access=free|bibcode=2006JExpB.209.3697H }} Movements of the O. minor involve crawling between rocks and crevices, and swimming with its dorsal fin in a leading position. Jet propulsion is another form of locomotion also used by the O. minor. The process of crawling involves the use of the octopus's suckers.{{cite journal|title=Action of Propranolol on Mitochondrial Functions--Effects on Energized Ion Fluxes in the Presence of Valinomycin|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13/|last1=J|first1=Järvisalo|last2=Ne|first2=Saris|date=1975-09-15|journal=Biochemical Pharmacology|volume=24|issue=18|pages=1701–5|doi=10.1016/0006-2952(75)90009-x|language=en|pmid=13|access-date=2020-05-26}} Some are used to grip to surrounding environments allowing the octopus to pull itself forward with its legs. Others push from behind. This process is repeated until a change of locomotion is performed.

The O. minor performs a swimming motion using the expulsion of water from the mantle through its siphon into the ocean behind it.{{Cite journal|last1=Kassim|first1=I.|last2=Phee|first2=L.|last3=Ng|first3=W.S.|last4=Feng Gong|last5=Dario|first5=P.|last6=Mosse|first6=C.A.|date=May 2006|title=Locomotion techniques for robotic colonoscopy|journal=IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine|volume=25|issue=3|pages=49–56|doi=10.1109/MEMB.2006.1636351|pmid=16764431|s2cid=9124611|issn=0739-5175}} Force provided by the water allows the octopus to move in the opposite direction. The direction of movement is dependent on the way in which the siphon is faced. The long arms found on the O. minor provide it with a streamline swimming shape. Its bilateral symmetry allows it to move headfirst, with its legs trailing. Jet swimming is used predominantly to escape from danger.

The O. minor performs a movement known as "pumping". This involves the legs of the O. minor contracting in unison, allowing for the production of a wave. This provides a force which moves the body. The O. minor uses its appendages to crawl outside of the water.{{Cite journal|last1=Wood|first1=James B.|last2=Anderson|first2=Roland C.|date=April 2004|title=Interspecific Evaluation of Octopus Escape Behavior|journal=Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science|language=en|volume=7|issue=2|pages=95–106|doi=10.1207/s15327604jaws0702_2|pmid=15234886|s2cid=16639444|issn=1088-8705}} For the O. minor this is performed between tide pools and when served as a culinary option.

The habitats of O. minor vary greatly between rocks, reefs and the ocean floor.{{Cite journal|last1=Kang|first1=J.-H.|last2=Park|first2=J.-Y.|last3=Choi|first3=T.-J.|date=2012|title=Genetic differentiation of octopuses from different habitats near the Korean Peninsula and eastern China based on analysis of the mDNA cytochrome C oxidase 1 gene|journal=Genetics and Molecular Research|volume=11|issue=4|pages=3988–3997|doi=10.4238/2012.november.21.2|pmid=23212336|issn=1676-5680|doi-access=free}} It is a benthic octopus, meaning it lies at the lowest body of water, around the sediment surface and rock or coral cover. O. minor is located within the mudflats of sub-tidal zones surrounding the south western coast of the Korean peninsula. O. minor residing within the mudflats of coastal regions are exposed to high salinity, temperature and water movement conditions. The O. minor is found in rocky areas such as Jeju Island.

The O. minor is commonly found in the Yellow Sea. This is a segment of the Western Pacific Ocean situated between the Korean Peninsula and mainland China, connected to the Gulf of Bohai.{{cite web|title=Yellow Sea|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Yellow-Sea|last1=Uda|last2=Valencia|date=2020|website=Britannica|access-date=25 May 2020}} The sea extends over 950 kilometres from North to South and 700 kilometres wide. The sea has a cyclone current and semidiurnal tides with temperatures that range from -10 degrees Celsius to 28 degrees Celsius.

The O. minor, when hunting and avoiding predators, use specialised pigment-filled bags known as chromatophores. These are found in the skin, allowing the octopus to adjust its color or reflectivity. Colour variation of chromatophores include red, brown, black, grey, yellow or blue. Other colour methods include the use of an iridescent dermal tissue. This manipulated by the O. minor to communicate with other octopus and proceed with courtship rituals.

The O. minor possesses muscles on its mantle which change texture to assist in changing colour. The shallow water habitats which the O. minor inhabits has allowed it to evolve more diverse skin than fellow cephalopods.

File:Dicyema clavatum.png

The O. minor has three species of dicyemids in their renal sac: Dicyema clavatum, Dicyema sphyrocephalum, Dicyema dolichocephalum.{{Cite journal|last1=Furuya |first1=H. |author1-link=:ja:古屋秀隆 |last2=Tsuneki |first2=K. |last3=Koshida |first3=Y.|date=1992|title=Two New Species of the Genus Dicyema (Mesozoa) from Octopuses of Japan with Notes on D. misakiense and D. acuticephalum|journal=Zoological Science |volume=9|issue=2|pages=423–437|doi=10.34425/zs000974}}{{Cite journal|last1=Furuya |first1=H. |author1-link=:ja:古屋秀隆 |date=2020 |title=Current taxonomic studies on dicyemid fauna in the Kumano Sea |journal=TAXA |volume=48 |pages=3–12|doi=10.19004/taxa.48.0_3|lang=ja}}

File:Octopuses in Cheju Island Fish Market.jpg, South Korea]]

O. minor is well represented within the Korean commercial fishery field, presenting a high annual yield of over 350,000 tonnes.{{cite web|title=Octopus as Food - Octopus Facts and Information|date=6 March 2014 |url=https://octopusworlds.com/octopus-as-food/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}} This has led to its inclusion within multiple signature seafood dishes, mostly found in Korea.{{Cite journal|last=Jasti|first=Sunitha|date=2011|title=Gender, Acculturation, Food Patterns, and Overweight in Korean Immigrants|journal=American Journal of Health Behavior|volume=35|issue=6|pages=734–45|doi=10.5993/ajhb.35.6.9|pmid=22251764|issn=1087-3244}} The rapid adaption of the octopus to the stressful conditions of its habitat encouraged scientific research and the mapping of its genome.{{Cite journal|last1=Muhammad|first1=Faiz|last2=Dou|first2=Canfeng|last3=Lü|first3=Zhen-ming|last4=Gong|first4=Li|last5=Du|first5=Xun|last6=Shafi|first6=Muhammad|date=2018|title=Genetic Structure of Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) from Chinese Waters using Mitochondrial ATPase 6 Gene|journal=Pakistan Journal of Zoology|volume=51|issue=1|doi=10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.1.sc5|issn=0030-9923|doi-access=free}}

Within most parts of Korea, O. minor or Nakji, is a culinary option, being served most commonly as a snack either raw, cooked or poached.

For this dish, O. minor is chopped, then stir-fried with vegetables such as carrots, onions and cabbage.{{cite web|title=Korean recipes: spicy stir-fried small octopus, nakji bokkeum (낙지볶음)|url=http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/Culture/view?articleId=132155|website=Korea.net|access-date=2020-05-26}} It is marinated with a local Korean red pepper sauce, then served hot with warm rice, somyeon, or bean sprouts.

For this dish, O. minor is either chopped or whole and served raw on a plate. It is often served with sesame oil and sesame seeds.{{cite web|title=San-nakji live raw octopus|url=http://www.eatinkorea.com/en/food/sannakji-live-raw-octopus|website=www.eatinkorea.com|access-date=2020-05-26}} The significant number of nerve endings in the arms of the O. Minor combined with its sophisticated nervous system, allows for a variety of movements when disconnected from the brain, meaning the octopus performs movements whilst being served.{{cite web|title=Octopus Facts|url=https://www.livescience.com/55478-octopus-facts.html|first=Alina |last=Bradford |website=livescience.com|date=8 June 2017|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}} As the suction cups are still active on the cephalopod's arms, they may grip to one's throat, therefore consumers are at risk of choking.

For this dish, O. minor is boiled in stock, before being chopped into fine pieces then served in the soup with spring onion, chilli and minced garlic. The dish is traditionally offered during funeral processions.{{cite web|title=Nakji Jeongol (Korean Octopus Stew)|url=https://thedomesticman.com/2016/07/05/nakji-jeongol-korean-octopus-stew/|date=2016-07-05|website=The Domestic Man|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}

File:Nakji-bokkeum.jpg|Nakji-bokkeum (cooked)

File:San-nakji (32013691345).jpg|San-nakji (raw)

File:Korean soup-Galbi-nakji-yeonpo-tang.jpg|Nakji-Yeonpo-tang (soup)

File:Nakji-jeongol 5.jpg|Nakiji-jeongol

A large percentage (22%) of O. minor have been found to host a dangerous parasitic benthic crustacean. Their increased susceptibility is due to its lack of external shell compared to other molluscs, such as snails.{{Cite journal|last1=Roumbedakis|first1=Katina|last2=Drábková|first2=Marie|last3=Tyml|first3=Tomáš|last4=di Cristo|first4=Carlo|date=2018-11-20|title=A Perspective Around Cephalopods and Their Parasites, and Suggestions on How to Increase Knowledge in the Field|journal=Frontiers in Physiology|volume=9|page=1573|doi=10.3389/fphys.2018.01573|pmid=30515100|pmc=6255944|issn=1664-042X|doi-access=free}} The presence Octopicola huanghaienis parasite is identified by a spike at the end of its labrum lap. The parasite is a health concern when O. minor is served raw.

O. minor's adaption of its behavioral repertoire to assorted habitat conditions made it a promising model to be studied and to have its genome mapped. Distributions of the O. minor between the Korean Peninsula and Eastern China identified genetic differences in individuals from different habitats. The borders of these countries are connected by the Yellow Sea. Genetic structures of O. minor were analysed using a sequence of the CO1 gene as it shows higher base-substitution mutation rates.

The morphology of the O. minor was analysed for genome mapping. O. minor was studied for its ability to tolerate environmental changes. Its molecular basis was studied for plasticity development and mechanisms underlying adaption. The concluding genome assembly of the octopus was 5.09 Gb, with over 30 010 genes; 44% were made up of repeated elements. The total number of gene families within O. Minor are 178. A highly identical nucleotide sequence across multiple species suggests the O. minor is close to Callistoctopus ornatus and Callistoctopus luteus. Octopus minor has various Korean names, but it is actually the same species as despite them occupying different habitats.

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q76565}}

Category:Cephalopods described in 1920

Category:Cephalopods of Asia

Category:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean

Category:Octopodidae

Category:Korean seafood