Officinalis
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Officinalis, officinale, or occasionally officinarum is a Medieval Latin epithet denoting organisms—mainly plants—with uses in medicine, herbalism, manufacturing, and cookery. It commonly occurs as a specific epithet, the second term of a two-part botanical name. Officinalis is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while officinale is used for neuter nouns.
Etymology
The word {{lang|la|officinalis}} literally means 'of or belonging to an {{wikt-lang|la|officīna}}', the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept.{{cite book |author=Stearn, William T. |title=Botanical Latin |publisher=Timber Press (OR) |year=2004 |page=456 |isbn=0-88192-627-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0hZvTFJUioC&pg=PA456}} {{lang|la|Officīna}} was a contraction of {{lang|la|opificīna}}, from {{wikt-lang|la|opifex}} (gen. {{lang|la|opificis}}) 'worker, maker, doer' (from {{lang|la|opus}} 'work') + {{wikt-lang|la|-fex}}, {{wikt-lang|la|-ficis}}, 'one who does', from {{lang|la|facere}} 'do, perform'.Online Etymology Dictionary, entry [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=officinalis&searchmode=none "officinalis"], accessed May 3, 2010. When Linnaeus invented the binomial system of nomenclature, he gave the specific name officinalis, in the 1735 (1st Edition) of his {{lang|la|Systema Naturae}}, to plants (and sometimes animals or fungi) with an established medicinal, culinary, or other use.Pearn J.,"On 'officinalis' the names of plants as one enduring history of therapeutic medicine. Vesalius. 2010 Dec;Suppl:24-8 Authors:
Species
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- Alpina officinarum (Galangal)
- Althaea officinalis (Marshmallow)
- Anchusa officinalis (Bugloss)
- Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus)
- Avicennia officinalis (Mangrove)
- Betonica officinalis (Betony) syn. Stachys officinalis
- Bistorta officinalis (European Bistort)
- Borago officinalis (Borage)
- Buddleja officinalis (Pale Butterflybush)
- Calendula officinalis (Pot Marigold)
- Cinchona officinalis (Quinine)
- Cochlearia officinalis (Scurvygrass)
- Corallina officinalis (Coral Weed (seaweed))
- Cornus officinalis (Cornelian Cherry)
- Cyathula officinalis (Oxe knee)
- Cynoglossum officinale (Houndstongue)
- Euphrasia officinalis (Eyebright)
- Fumaria officinalis (Fumitory)
- Galega officinalis (Goat's Rue)
- Gratiola officinalis (Hedge Hyssop)
- Guaiacum officinale (lignum vitae)
- Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssop)
- Jasminum officinale (Jasmine)
- Laricifomes officinalis (Quinine Conk)
- Lavandula officinalis (English Lavender) syn. Lavandula angustifolia
- Levisticum officinale (Lovage)
- Lithospermum officinale (Gromwell)
- Magnolia officinalis
- Melilotus officinalis (Ribbed Melilot)
- Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm)
- Morinda officinalis (Indian Mulberry)
- Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)
- Paeonia officinalis (Common Paeony)
- Parietaria officinalis (Pellitory of the Wall)
- Pilosella officinarum (Mouse-Ear)
- Pimenta officinalis (Allspice) syn. Pimenta dioica
- Pulmonaria officinalis (Lungwort)
- Rheum officinale (Rhubarb)
- Rosa gallica 'Officinalis' (Apothecary Rose)
- Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) syn. Salvia rosmarinus
- Salvia officinalis (Garden Sage)
- Sanguisorba officinalis (Great Burnet)
- Saponaria officinalis (Soapwort)
- Scindapsus officinalis (Long Pepper)
- Senega officinalis (Senega) syn. Polygala senega
- Sepia officinalis (Cuttlefish)
- Sisymbrium officinale (Hedge Mustard)
- Spongia officinalis (Bath Sponge)
- Styrax officinalis (Drug Snowbell)
- Symphytum officinale (Comfrey)
- Taraxacum officinale (Dandelion)
- Valeriana officinalis (Valerian)
- Verbena officinalis (Vervain)
- Veronica officinalis (Speedwell)
- Zingiber officinale (Ginger)
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See also
- Esculentus, a species name translating to 'edible'.
- Hortensis, a species name roughly translating to 'of the garden'.
- Oleraceus, an epithet denoting a species that has an extensive history of use as a vegetable and/or culinary plant.
- Sativum, Sativus, or Sativa, a species name translating to 'cultivated'.
- Tinctorius or Tinctoria, denotes a species that has a history of use for dyeing.