One Big Beautiful Bill Act#Musk–Trump feud

Following the 2024 United States elections, in which the Republican Party retained the House of Representatives and won the Senate, Republicans began negotiations on passing then-president-elect Donald Trump's domestic policies. In a meeting with Senate Republicans in December 2024, Senate majority leader John Thune outlined an approach involving initial legislation on border security, energy production, and the military while reserving tax policy.{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/senate-republicans-aim-to-tackle-border-first-taxes-later-98026ef8 |title=Senate Republicans Aim to Tackle Border First, Taxes Later |date=December 3, 2024 |last=Rubin |first=Richard |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=February 25, 2025}} Trump, in contrast, advocated for a singular bill to resolve an impending lapse in tax cuts implemented in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in 2017, though the strategy faced risks from defecting members.{{Cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/republicans-lean-toward-one-big-beautiful-bill-for-trump-agenda-11eb63bc |title=Republicans Lean Toward 'One Big, Beautiful Bill' for Trump Agenda |date=January 4, 2025 |last1=Rubin |first1=Richard |last2=Hughes |first2=Siobhan |work=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=February 25, 2025 |archive-date=March 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317204733/https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/republicans-lean-toward-one-big-beautiful-bill-for-trump-agenda-11eb63bc |url-status=live}}

In January 2025, Republicans met in Fort Lesley J. McNair; at the meeting, speaker of the House Mike Johnson stated that Trump sought "one big, beautiful bill" to enact his policies.{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/04/johnson-trump-reconciliation-package-00196487 |title=Johnson tells House Republicans that Trump wants one 'big beautiful' reconciliation package |date=January 4, 2025 |last1=Diaz |first1=Danielle |last2=Hill |first2=Meredith |last3=Carney |first3=Jordain |work=Politico |access-date=February 25, 2025}} To more easily pass the bill, Republicans chose to use the reconciliation process, which allows them to avoid the 60-vote Senate filibuster (since they hold 53 seats out of 100 in the Senate). It requires the House and the Senate to pass identical instructions before passing the actual reconciliation bill.{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Jeff |title=The Rule That Broke the Senate |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/10/15/how-budget-reconciliation-broke-congress-215706 |access-date=March 29, 2019 |publisher=Politico |date=October 15, 2017}}

Initially, on February 21, 2025, the Senate approved S. Con. Res. 7 by 52–48. This was intended to be the first of two reconciliation instruction bills. The resolution allows for a future reconciliation bill containing $175 billion for immigration and border enforcement and increases the military budget by $150 billion. The resolution would not extend the 2017 Trump tax cuts. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky was the only Republican to oppose the resolution.{{Cite news|last1=Kapur|last2=Wong|last3=Thorp V|last4=Santaliz|first1=Sahil|first2=Scott|first3=Frank|first4=Kate|date=February 20, 2025|title=Senate adopts $340 billion budget blueprint for Trump's agenda after marathon 'vote-a-rama'|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-vote-a-rama-advance-budget-trump-agenda-rcna192893|access-date=March 11, 2025|work=NBC News|language=en|archive-date=May 14, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514051332/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/senate-vote-a-rama-advance-budget-trump-agenda-rcna192893|url-status=live}} Initially, the Senate intended to allow the House to pass reconciliation instructions first. However, at the time of the bill's passage, the House faced opposition to its one-bill approach from fiscally conservative members.{{Cite news|last1=Hubbard|first1=Kaia|date=February 5, 2025|title=Senate Republicans to move forward on Trump agenda as House stalls on budget reconciliation plan|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-republicans-trump-agenda-budget-reconciliation-plan/|access-date=February 5, 2025|work=CBS News|language=en|archive-date=April 22, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422202050/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-republicans-trump-agenda-budget-reconciliation-plan/|url-status=live}}

On February 25, 2025, the House of Representatives approved H. Con. Res 14 by a 217–215 vote. The resolution would allow Republicans to pass a budget containing tax cuts while reducing federal spending. The resolution would also allow Congress to raise the debt limit by $4 trillion. The resolution was briefly pulled due to opposition from fiscally conservative Republicans Thomas Massie of Kentucky, Tim Burchett of Tennessee, Warren Davidson of Ohio, and Victoria Spartz of Indiana. However, leadership convinced all but Massie to support the resolution, and the vote happened as scheduled.{{Cite news |last1=Parkinson|first1=John|last2=Peller|first2=Lauren|date=February 25, 2025|title=House Republicans narrowly pass budget blueprint for Trump's agenda after last-minute drama |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/budget-vote-jeopardy-johnson-plays-republican-whack-mole/story?id=119166111 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |work=ABC News|language=en}} Initially, some moderate Republicans also expressed opposition over the possibility that the resolution would necessitate cuts to Medicare and Medicaid. Massie was the only House Republican to vote against the resolution.{{Cite news |last=Grisales |first=Claudia |date=2025-02-25 |title=House Republicans pass budget resolution, clearing a key early test for Trump agenda |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/25/nx-s1-5308067/house-republicans-budget-vote-mike-johnson |access-date=2025-02-26 |work=NPR |language=en |archive-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507104207/https://www.npr.org/2025/02/25/nx-s1-5308067/house-republicans-budget-vote-mike-johnson |url-status=live}}

In the early hours of April 5, 2025, the Senate approved an amended version of H. Con. Res 14 by a 51–48 vote. Unlike the House budget resolution, the Senate budget resolution calls for $4 billion in spending cuts; this amount is significantly lower than the $1.5 trillion in cuts called for by the House. The Senate resolution also calls for a $5 trillion raise in the debt limit ($1 trillion more than the House resolution). The House and the Senate resolutions would each extend Trump's 2017 tax cuts.{{Cite news |last=Grisales |first=Claudia |date=April 5, 2025 |title=Senate GOP passes budget plan, setting up a critical next phase for Trump agenda |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/05/g-s1-58281/senate-budget-resolution-reconciliation-trump |access-date=April 7, 2025 |work=NPR |language=en |archive-date=May 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516104959/https://www.npr.org/2025/04/05/g-s1-58281/senate-budget-resolution-reconciliation-trump |url-status=live}} Republican Senators Susan Collins of Maine and Rand Paul of Kentucky joined all Democratic senators in opposing the resolution. After the vote, Reuters reported that non-partisan analysts believe that the resolution, if enacted as currently written, would add $5.7 trillion to the national debt of the United States over the next 10 years. Republicans argue that the extension of the 2017 tax cuts, which expire at the year's end, should not be counted as new debt, which means that only $1.5 trillion would be added to the national debt over the next 10 years.{{Cite news|last1=Morgan|last2=Cowan|last3=Erickson|first1=David|first2=Richard|first3=Bo|date=April 5, 2025|title=US Senate Republicans pass measure to move forward on Trump's tax cuts|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-republicans-pass-measure-move-forward-trumps-tax-cuts-2025-04-05/|access-date=April 7, 2025|work=Reuters|language=en|archive-date=April 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250405073121/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-senate-republicans-pass-measure-move-forward-trumps-tax-cuts-2025-04-05/|url-status=live}}

The House had to pass the Senate's amended resolution to continue the reconciliation process. House Republican leadership intended to vote on the resolution on April 9. However, the resolution was pulled due to opposition from 12 fiscally conservative Republicans.{{Cite news |last1=Tully-McManus|last2=Scholtes|first1=Katherine|first2=Jennifer|date=April 9, 2025 |title=House GOP cancels budget vote |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/04/09/house-gop-cancels-budget-vote-00283121 |access-date=April 9, 2025 |work=Politco|language=en}} The resolution passed the following morning in a 215–214 vote after the Senate pledged also to seek at least $1.5 trillion in cuts. Fiscally conservative Republicans Thomas Massie and Victoria Spartz were the only members of their party to vote against the resolution.{{Cite news|last1=Wong|last2=Tsirkin|last3=Stewart|last4=Thorp V|first1=Scott|first2=Julie|first3=Kyle|first4=Frank|date=April 10, 2025|title=House adopts budget blueprint for Trump's agenda after GOP leaders sway holdouts|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/speaker-mike-johnson-gop-budget-vote-trump-agenda-rcna200578|access-date=April 10, 2025|work=NBC News|language=en|archive-date=May 14, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514205850/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/speaker-mike-johnson-gop-budget-vote-trump-agenda-rcna200578|url-status=live}}

Except for the tax portion of the legislation, the text of OBBBA was revealed by House Republicans on April 28, 2025. The tax portion of the bill was unveiled on May 12, 2025.{{cn|date=June 2025}}

The defense portion of the bill would allocate an additional $150 billion in defense spending. Much of the funding would go to uncrewed drones, including kamikaze drones, uncrewed aircraft systems, drone boats, and underwater drones.{{Cite web|last=Harper|first=John|title=Reconciliation bill includes billions for new drone capabilities|url=https://defensescoop.com/2025/04/28/reconciliation-bill-includes-billions-for-new-drone-capabilities/|website=Defense Scope|date=April 28, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|archive-date=May 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501221747/https://defensescoop.com/2025/04/28/reconciliation-bill-includes-billions-for-new-drone-capabilities/|url-status=live}}

The border security portion of the bill would allocate $70 billion for border security, including $46.5 billion for barriers on the border, $5 billion for improvements to Customs and Border Protection (CBP) facilities, $4.1 billion to hire additional Border Patrol and CBP officers, $2.7 billion to improve border surveillance, $2 billion for CBP staff, and $1 billion for inspection technology,{{Cite web|last1=Figueroa|first1=Ariana|last2=Shutt|first2=Jennifer|title=U.S. House GOP starts reconciliation work with increase for border security|url=https://republicmonitor.com/stories/us-house-gop-starts-reconciliation-work-with-increase-for-border-security,121582|website=Republic Monitor|date=April 29, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025}} creating the capacity to deport up to one million people each year.{{Cite news |last1=Morgan |first1=David |last2=Erickson |first2=Bo |last3=Sullivan |first3=Andy |last4=Sullivan |first4=Andy |date=2025-05-22 |title=US House narrowly passes Trump's sweeping tax-cut bill, sends on to Senate |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-republicans-set-pre-dawn-votes-get-trump-tax-bill-over-finish-line-2025-05-22/ |access-date=2025-05-23 |work=Reuters |language=en}}

The education portion of the bill would increase eligibility requirements for Pell Grants, introduce Workforce Pell Grants targeted at trade school students, end Federal Direct subsidized loans for undergraduate students, and eliminate the United States Secretary of Education's ability to regulate based on gainful employment.{{Cite web|last1=Baime|first1=David|title=Washington Watch: Mixed bag on House ed committee's reconciliation bill|url=https://www.ccdaily.com/2025/04/washington-watch-mixed-bag-on-house-ed-committees-reconciliation-bill/|website=Community College Daily|date=April 28, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|archive-date=May 12, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512222210/https://www.ccdaily.com/2025/04/washington-watch-mixed-bag-on-house-ed-committees-reconciliation-bill/|url-status=live}}

The healthcare portion of the bill would--for the first time--add work requirements for Medicaid recipients. It would also require Medicaid recipients above the federal poverty line to pay more fees for coverage, add new verification requirements, increase the number of times states must check the eligibility of their Medicaid expansion recipients, prohibit Medicaid from being used for gender-affirming care for adults and children (the Crenshaw Amendment) starting in 2027,{{cite web|url=https://www.axios.com/pro/health-care-policy/2025/05/29/gop-megabill-heats-up-reconciliation-gender-care-debate|title=GOP megabill heats up gender care funding debate|website=Axios|date=May 29, 2025 |access-date=May 30, 2025|archive-date=May 31, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531053454/https://www.axios.com/pro/health-care-policy/2025/05/29/gop-megabill-heats-up-reconciliation-gender-care-debate|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last1=Garica|first1=Eric|title=Trump's 'One, big, beautiful bill' would ban care for transgender people on Medicaid and Obamacare|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-medicaid-obamacare-transgender-care-b2755980.html|website=Independent|date=May 22, 2025|access-date=May 22, 2025}} prohibit Medicaid from funding nonprofits that provide abortion care, make it harder for undocumented immigrants to use Medicaid, and ban pharmacy benefit managers from using spread pricing.{{Cite web|last1=Pifer|first1=Rebecca|title=House committees advance reconciliation text with big impacts on healthcare|url=https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/house-reconciliation-bill-healthcare-provisions-medicaid-cuts/748196/|date=May 15, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|website=Healthcare Dive|archive-date=May 16, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516050234/https://www.healthcaredive.com/news/house-reconciliation-bill-healthcare-provisions-medicaid-cuts/748196/|url-status=live}} The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that OBBBA would cause 7.8 million people to lose Medicaid coverage.{{Cite web|title=By the Numbers: House Bill Takes Health Coverage Away From Millions of People and Raises Families' Health Care Costs|url=https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/by-the-numbers-house-bill-takes-health-coverage-away-from-millions-of-people-and|date=June 6, 2025|access-date=June 10, 2025|website=Center on Budget and Policy Priorities}} CBO further estimates that four million people would lose health insurance due to OBBBA's ACA cuts, and that an additional 4.2 million people would lose marketplace coverage due to the legislation's failure to extend the premium tax credit enhancements that were initially part of the American Rescue Plan and extended by the Inflation Reduction Act.

The tax portion of the bill would increase the child tax credit to $2,500 through 2028 and $2,000 after that, add a new tax deduction for tips and overtime, raise the state and local tax deduction (SALT) cap to $30,000 from $10,000, create a "money accounts for growth and investment" (MAGA) savings account for parents which would give $1,000 per child, create a 5% tax on remittances, increase the United States debt ceiling by $4 trillion, raise taxes on endowments of private universities, and allow the United States Department of the Treasury to revoke tax-exempt status for nonprofits the department determines support terrorism.{{Cite web|last=Beggin|first=Riley|title=No tax on tips, child tax credit, and MAGA saving accounts: What's in the GOP tax bill|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/12/trump-tax-bill/83584926007/|website=USA Today|date=May 12, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|archive-date=May 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513202448/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/12/trump-tax-bill/83584926007/|url-status=live}} After the bill was revealed, Republican Representatives Elise Stefanik, Mike Lawler, Nick LaLota, and Andrew Garbarino of New York, Representative Young Kim of California, and Representative Tom Kean Jr. of New Jersey announced they would oppose the bill if the SALT cap were not raised further.{{Cite web|last1=Kapur|first1=Sahil|last2=Zanona|first2=Melanie|title=Republican tensions escalate to a boiling point on 'SALT' tax fight in Trump's big bill|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republican-tensions-escalate-boiling-point-salt-tax-fight-trumps-big-b-rcna206768|website=NBC News|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|archive-date=May 16, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516012522/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republican-tensions-escalate-boiling-point-salt-tax-fight-trumps-big-b-rcna206768|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|title=Congressman Tom Kean Jr. Continues Effort to Restore Full SALT Deduction for New Jersey Taxpayers|url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/north-hunterdon/sections/government/articles/congressman-tom-kean-jr-continues-effort-to-restore-full-salt-deduction-for-new-jersey-taxpayers|website=TAP Into|date=May 14, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025}} On May 20, 2025, these Republican holdouts agreed with Speaker Johnson to increase the SALT cap to $40,000 for taxpayers making less than $500,000.{{Cite web|last1=Lee Hill|first1=Meredith|last2=Guggenheim|first2=Benjamin|title=Blue-state Republicans, GOP leaders land tentative deal for $40,000 SALT deduction|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/05/20/congress/blue-state-republicans-gop-leaders-land-tentative-deal-for-40-000-salt-deduction-00361495|website=Politico|date=May 20, 2025|access-date=May 22, 2025}} The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimates the increase in the SALT cap would overwhelmingly benefit the wealthiest households. The OBBBA would also extend corporate and individual tax cuts passed in 2017 during Trump's first term in office and cancel many green-energy incentives passed by President Joe Biden under the Inflation Reduction Act.

The welfare portion of the bill saw Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) cuts, which would make 5% of the benefit costs and 75% of the administration costs the responsibility of the states. It comes with an increased cost to the state for benefits if the error rate crosses 6%.{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/nexstar_media_wire/5311920-snap-changes-proposed-in-gops-big-beautiful-bill-heres-what-to-know/|title=SNAP changes proposed in GOP's 'big, beautiful bill.' Here's what to know|first=Alix|last=Martichoux|date=May 21, 2025}}

OBBBA would prohibit the Secretary of Health and Human Services from implementing, administering, or enforcing the provisions of the following final rules (FR) published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Service (CMS) until 2035:{{cite web | url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/1/text | title=Text - H.R.1 - 119th Congress (2025-2026): One Big Beautiful Bill Act | date=May 22, 2025 }}

• Minimum staffing standards for long term care facilities, and transparency in Medicaid institutional reporting.{{Cite web |title=GovInfo |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/FR-2024-05-10/2024-08273 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=www.govinfo.gov |language=en}}
• Streamlining the eligibility determination, enrollment, and renewal processes for Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and the basic health program. According the Medicare Rights Center, the bill "traps people with Medicare in red tape" by prohibiting the application of the Streamlining Medicaid Eligibility & Enrollment Rules.{{Cite web | url=https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/DownloadDocument?objectID=77804101 | title=Food and nutrition act of 2008 | website=www.reginfo.gov}}

Before OBBBA was passed, it contained a provision which would prevent federal courts from using appropriated funds to enforce findings of contempt of court for non-compliance with any court injunctions or court-issued temporary restraining orders, if no bond is posted by plaintiffs.{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Debra |title=Proposal to limit courts' contempt power, part of spending bill, is 'terrible idea,' Chemerinsky says |url=https://www.abajournal.com/news/article/proposal-to-limit-courts-contempt-power-part-of-spending-bill-is-terrible-idea-chemerinsky-says |access-date=May 23, 2025 |work=ABA Journal |date=May 21, 2025}} Section 70302 of OBBBA bars the enforcement of judicial contempt violations as follows:

No court of the United States may enforce a contempt citation for failure to comply with an injunction or temporary restraining order if no security was given when the injunction or order was issued pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(c), whether issued prior to, on, or subsequent to the date of enactment of this section.

OBBBA includes a 10-year moratorium on state-level enforcement of any law or regulation regulating artificial intelligence (AI).{{Cite web |last=Maiberg |first=Emanuel |date=2025-05-12 |title=Republicans Try to Cram Ban on AI Regulation Into Budget Reconciliation Bill |url=https://www.404media.co/republicans-try-to-cram-ban-on-ai-regulation-into-budget-reconciliation-bill/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250514130643/https://www.404media.co/republicans-try-to-cram-ban-on-ai-regulation-into-budget-reconciliation-bill/ |archive-date=14 May 2025 |website=404 Media |language=en}}{{Cite news |last=Vigliarolo |first=Brandon |date=20 May 2025 |title=Trump's budget bill would kill state-level AI regulations |url=https://www.theregister.com/2025/05/20/trump_bill_regulation_free_ai/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250523133256/https://www.theregister.com/2025/05/20/trump_bill_regulation_free_ai/ |archive-date=May 23, 2025 |work=The Register |language=en |access-date=May 25, 2025 |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last=Duffy |first=Clare |date=2025-05-19 |title=House Republicans want to stop states from regulating AI. More than 100 organizations are pushing back |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/19/tech/house-spending-bill-ai-provision-organizations-raise-alarm |website=CNN |language=en}}

On May 16, 2025, the House Budget Committee blocked OBBBA from advancing in a 21-16 vote. Four fiscally conservative Republicans (Reps. Chip Roy of Texas, Ralph Norman of South Carolina, Andrew Clyde of Georgia, and Josh Brecheen of Oklahoma) voted against the bill, along with all Democratic committeemembers. Republican Lloyd Smucker of Pennsylvania changed his vote from yes to no so that he would be allowed to bring a motion to reconsider the bill at a later time.{{Cite web|last1=Wong|first1=Scott|last2=Zanona|first2=Melanie|last3=Kapur|first3=Sahil|last4=Asghar|first4=Syedah|title=Conservatives block Trump agenda bill from advancing in major setback for GOP leaders|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-budget-committee-rejects-trump-agenda-bill-major-setback-gop-lea-rcna207239|website=NBC News|date=May 16, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025|archive-date=May 19, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519200748/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-budget-committee-rejects-trump-agenda-bill-major-setback-gop-lea-rcna207239|url-status=live}} However, on May 18, 2025, the Budget Committee voted to advance the bill in a 17–16 vote. Reps. Roy, Norman, Clyde, and Brecheen changed their votes to present after House Republican leadership agreed to make Medicaid work requirements--previously scheduled to begin in 2029--kick in sooner and decrease future subsidies for clean energy. Despite this, the four Republicans said they would not support the bill's final passage unless more changes were made.{{Cite web|last1=Wong|first1=Scott|last2=Stewart|first2=Kyle|last3=Kapur|first3=Sahil|last4=Asghar|first4=Syedah|title=Key House committee advances Trump agenda bill after appeasing conservatives|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/key-house-committee-advances-trump-agenda-bill-conservatives-rcna2075559|website=NBC News|date=May 18, 2025|access-date=May 18, 2025}}

Late on May 21, 2025, after negotiations between Speaker Johnson, President Trump, and members of the Freedom Caucus, Republicans modified OBBBA to ensure its passage on the floor. The modified bill would remove suppressors from National Firearms Act regulation, thereby eliminating the current $200 tax levied on the manufacture or transfer of those items;{{cite press release |url=https://www.nraila.org/articles/20250522/us-house-passes-reconciliation-bill-removing-suppressors-from-the-national-firearms-act |title=U.S. House Passes Reconciliation Bill, Removing Suppressors from the National Firearms Act |publisher=National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action |date=May 20, 2025 |access-date=May 28, 2025 |archive-date=May 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522144758/https://www.nraila.org/articles/20250522/us-house-passes-reconciliation-bill-removing-suppressors-from-the-national-firearms-act |url-status=live}} would no longer allow for the sale of public lands in Nevada and Utah; would cut a proposed tax on overseas remittances from 5 percent to 3.5 percent; would stop payments to Affordable Care Act plans that pay for abortions outside of cases involving rape, incest, or danger to the life of a mother; would increase the rollback of renewable energy incentives; and would move up Medicaid work requirements to start at the end of 2026 instead of the beginning of 2029.{{Cite web|last1=Scholtes|first1=Jennifer|last2=MCCarthy|first2=Mia|last3=Ben|first3=Leonard|title=House Republicans tee up floor action on Trump's megabill|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/05/21/congress/house-republicans-tweak-trumps-megabill-tee-up-passage-vote-00360765|website=Politico|date=May 21, 2025|access-date=May 22, 2025|archive-date=May 22, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522042814/https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/05/21/congress/house-republicans-tweak-trumps-megabill-tee-up-passage-vote-00360765|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|last1=Tully-McManus|first1=Katherine|last2=Wu|first2=Nicholas|last3=Ben|first3=Leonard|title=Inside the last-minute changes to the GOP megabill|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/05/21/congress/trump-megabill-last-minute-changes-00364603|website=Politico|date=May 21, 2025|access-date=May 22, 2025}}

On the morning of May 22, 2025, the United States House of Representatives passed OBBBA by a vote of 215–214–1.{{Cite web |name-list-style=and |first2=Sarah |last2=Ferris |last5=Rimmer |first1=Haley |last1=Talbot |first3=Clare |last3=Foran |first4=Veronica |last4=Stracqualursi |first5=Morgan |first6=Manu |last6=Raju |first7=Lauren |last7=Fox |first8=Tami |last8=Luhby |date=2025-05-22 |title=House passes Trump's sweeping domestic policy bill after GOP leaders win over key holdouts |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/22/politics/house-vote-trump-agenda-bill |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=CNN |language=en}} Two hundred fifteen House Republicans voted for OBBBA.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/05/22/us/politics/house-gop-megabill-vote.html|title=How Every House Member Voted on the G.O.P. Megabill|first1=Martín González|last1=Gómez|first2=Jon|last2=Huang|first3=Alicia|last3=Parlapiano|first4=Lily|last4=Boyce|date=May 22, 2025|via=NYTimes.com}} Fiscally conservative Republicans Thomas Massie and Warren Davidson broke from their party to vote against the bill, while Freedom Caucus Chair Andy Harris of Maryland voted present. Republican Reps. David Schweikert of Arizona and Andrew Garbarino of New York did not vote on the measure. House Democrats unanimously opposed OBBBA.{{Cite web|last1=Jansen|first1=Bart|title=The 5 House Republicans who didn't vote for Trump's sweeping tax bill|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/22/house-republicans-did-not-vote-for-trump-tax-bill/83786928007/|access-date=May 22, 2025|website=USA Today|archive-date=May 22, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522204942/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/05/22/house-republicans-did-not-vote-for-trump-tax-bill/83786928007/|url-status=live}}

According to the CBO, OBBBA would add $2.619 trillion to the federal government's $36.2 trillion debt over the next 10 years.

On June 10, 2025, Republicans announced that they would amend OBBBA through a procedural rule. According to Roll Call, "to avoid a stand-alone vote on the fixes, automatic adoption of the resolution correcting the engrossment of the House reconciliation bill was embedded in a rule needed for floor debate of an unrelated bill that would cancel $9.4 billion in foreign aid and public broadcasting funds. The House adopted the rule on a nearly party-line vote of 213-207" on June 11, 2025.{{Cite web|url=https://rollcall.com/2025/06/11/house-adopts-fixes-to-keep-big-beautiful-bill-filibuster-proof/|title=House adopts fixes to keep ‘big, beautiful bill’ filibuster-proof|website=rollcall.com|first=David|last=Lerman|date=June 11, 2025}} The amendments to OBBBA removed a crackdown on the pandemic-era employee retention tax credit, removed $2 billion allocated for Pentagon military intelligence programs, removed $500 million allocated for missile development, removed a policy that would have ended SNAP assistance for some households that are also eligible for other assistance, and removed a provision to allow mining around the Boundary Waters wilderness. The changes were made in order to abide by the Byrd Rule in the Senate.{{Cite web|last1=Scholtes|first1=Jennifer|last2=Lee Hill|first2=Meredith|first3=Katherine|last3=Tully-McManus|title=House GOP finalizes tweaks to keep megabill on track in Senate|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/10/house-gop-reveals-list-of-tweaks-to-megabill-00398669|date=June 10, 2025|access-date=June 11, 2025|website=Politico}}{{Cite web|last1=Schnell|first1=Mychael|last2=Brooks|first2=Emily|title=House Republicans tee up tweaks to Trump megabill|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5343243-house-republicans-tweaks-trump-megabill/|date=June 10, 2025|access-date=June 11, 2025|website=The Hill}}

The narrow passage of OBBBA led to internal backlash and division in the Democratic Party. Three elderly Democratic representatives (Raúl Grijalva of Arizona, age 77; Sylvester Turner of Texas, age 70; and Gerry Connolly of Virginia, age 75) died in the first five months of 2025. If any of the three had been alive when the vote was taken, the result of the vote could have been different. Thus, the vote "quickly reignited an intraparty debate about gerontocracy and aging politicians clinging to power".

Following the House passage of OBBBA, the bill moved to the Senate for consideration.{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/06/02/g-s1-69967/trump-congress-republicans-reconciliation-medicaid|title=The GOP megabill is moving to the Senate, where big changes could be in store |website=NPR|last=Garrett|first=Luke|date=June 2, 2025}}

The Republican-led Senate is expected to amend the bill.{{Cite web| last1=Bolton| last2=Frazin |last3=Weaver |first1=Alexander |first2=Rachel|first3=Al|title=These are the changes Senate Republicans are eyeing for the GOP's 'big, beautiful bill' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5316382-these-are-the-changes-senate-republicans-are-eyeing-to-the-gops-big-beautiful-bill/ |access-date=June 1, 2025 |website=The Hill |date=May 23, 2025}} Fiscally conservative Republican Senators (nicknamed "deficit hawks") such as Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, Rick Scott of Florida, Mike Lee of Utah and Rand Paul of Kentucky, have pushed for deeper spending cuts.{{Cite web|last=Lotz|first=Avery|title=Sen. Johnson predicts he has enough Senate allies to hold up the "big, beautiful bill"|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/25/ron-johnson-senate-halt-house-budget-bill|access-date=June 1, 2025|website=Axios|date=May 25, 2025|archive-date=June 2, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602005834/https://www.axios.com/2025/05/25/ron-johnson-senate-halt-house-budget-bill|url-status=live}} Moderate Republicans such as Susan Collins of Maine, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Jerry Moran of Kansas, along with populist Josh Hawley of Missouri, have expressed concerns about Medicaid cuts.{{Cite web|last=Mondeaux|first=Cami|title=Sen. Curtis wants changes to green energy credit cuts in Trump tax bill|url=https://www.deseret.com/politics/2025/05/27/john-curtis-encourages-green-energy-production/|access-date=June 1, 2025 |website=Desert News|date=May 27, 2025}} Other moderates such as John Curtis of Utah and Thom Tillis of North Carolina, along with Murkowski and Moran, have also expressed concerns over the end of green energy tax credits. Defense hawks such as Mike Rounds of South Dakota are opposed to spectrum auction provisions in the bill.

Democrats in the Senate will look to use the Byrd Rule, which prevents reconciliation from being used to pass "extraneous" measures in bills which increase federal spending in the Senate, in order to strip certain provisions from the bill. Democrats argue that the extension of Trump's 2017 tax cuts, a proposed 10-year ban on state level AI regulations, language that limits the power of federal court to enforce contempt of court citations, a provision to end a tax on the manufacturing of gun silencers, a provision to defund Planned Parenthood, a provision banning Medicaid from funding gender-affirming care for people of all ages and a provision to streamline permits for fossil fuel projects, violate the Byrd Rule.{{Cite web|last1=Carney|last2=Leonard|last3=Yarrow|last4=Bikales|first1=Jordain|first2=Ben|first3=Grace|first4=James|title=The 7 pieces of the House megabill that could succumb to Senate rules|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2025/05/30/megabill-policies-senate-parliamentarian-byrd-rule-00375507|access-date=June 1, 2025 |website=Politico|date=May 30, 2025}}{{Cite web|last=Li|first=Jasmine|title=The GOP Megabill Policies on the Senate Chopping Block|url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/senate-republican-tax-spending-bill-e0907a16?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=ASWzDAj6WENxYAT57__yKXKdl-JBmPPvIBnbGJsQOAjoMbfuBw-d0A4tWxNF&gaa_ts=684add0c&gaa_sig=p5xvKZMOGk_uMMsZgpbn1_XdKoXOfmx5EwkAX10UiscAa8R3tFGeFOb7Ifjo9xTAKs2r_Muz3JN-koxpogX8oQ%3D%3D|access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=Wall Street Journal|date=June 1, 2025}}{{Cite web|title=5 parts of Trump's budget bill that risk being axed by Senate rules|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/05/28/trump-budget-bill-senate-byrd-reconciliation|access-date=June 12, 2025 |website=Axios|date=May 28, 2025}}

Senate Majority Leader John Thune has set a goal of passing the Senate's version of OBBBA by July 4, 2025.{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/05/22/congress/trump-bill-senate-rewrite-00365731|title=Senate GOP preps for 'one big, beautiful' rewrite|date=May 22, 2025|website=POLITICO}} As of mid-June 2025, Senate negotiations on OBBBA remain in progress.{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/06/16/congress/finance-to-rally-big-tax-groups-to-support-tax-legislation-00407520|title=Senate Finance to huddle with big tax groups ahead of text release|date=June 16, 2025|website=POLITICO}}

On June 16, 2025, the Senate announced initial changes to the House version of the OBBBA from the Senate Finance Committee. These were considered the most contentious changes for Republicans.{{Cite web|last1=Kight|last2=Nichols|first1=Stef W.|first2=Hans|url=https://www.axios.com/2025/06/16/senate-gop-one-big-beautiful-bill-text-taxes-medicaid-cuts|title=Senate unveils trickiest text of Trump's "big, beautiful bill"|date=June 16, 2025|access-date=June 17, 2025|website=Axios}} The Senate version includes more significant cuts to the Medicaid provider tax, which helps states fund their Medicaid costs, from 6% to 3.5% by 2031. The Senate also adds Medicaid work requirements for adults with dependent children older than 14, who were previously exempt for such requirements in the House version. The Senate also decreases the state and local tax deduction from $40,000 to $10,000 for household with incomes up to $500,000. However, Senate Majority Leader John Thune noted that this number was a placeholder and that SALT negotations were ongoing. The Senate bill also includes a larger debt ceiling increase, $5 trillion instead of $4 trillion. The Child Tax Credit is also slightly decreased from $2,500 to $2,200. The Senate also reduces the number of rollbacks to green energy tax credits.{{Cite web|last1=Yilek|last2=Hubbard|first1=Caitlin|first2=Kaia|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-republicans-finance-committee-trump-budget-bill-medicaid-taxes/|title=Senate Republicans unveil long-awaited details on Trump tax bill|date=June 16, 2025|access-date=June 17, 2025|website=CBS News}}{{Cite web|last1=Burns|last2=Frazin|last3=Weixel|first1=Tobias|first2=Rachel|first3=Nathaniel|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5353963-senate-medicaid-taxes-green-energy/|title=Here’s what’s in the Senate GOP's version of Trump's 'big, beautiful bill'|date=June 16, 2025|access-date=June 17, 2025|website=The Hill}}

The Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC), led by Senator Rand Paul, added provisions for new federal government hires to have two options:https://www.paul.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/GAC-explanations-and-justifications.pdf{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Drew |date=2025-06-13 |title=Cuts to civil service protections remain in Senate committee’s reconciliation proposal |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/congress/2025/06/cuts-to-civil-service-protections-remain-in-senate-committees-reconciliation-proposal/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=federalnewsnetwork.com |language=en-US}}

• To elect Title 5 benefits and to be subject to a 10-percentage point increase in FERS (Federal Employees Retirement System) contribution rates, yielding a 9.4% contribution rate, or
• To be hired as at-will, forgo protections vested with current federal employees, and pay the lower contribution rate of a 5-percentage point increase in FERS, yielding a 14.4% contribution rate.

Two new items that HSGAC had added concerning federal employees were the following:

• A 10% fee for any federal employee paycheck deductions that would go to covered organizations as defined by the IRC (essentially tax exempt organization).https://www.paul.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MDM25B50.pdf

Page 19. This is considered to be addressing employee contributions to labor unions.{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Drew |date=2025-06-13 |title=Cuts to civil service protections remain in Senate committee’s reconciliation proposal |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/congress/2025/06/cuts-to-civil-service-protections-remain-in-senate-committees-reconciliation-proposal/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=federalnewsnetwork.com |language=en-US}}

• Requiring labor unions to reimburse the government for official time (on the clock activities) and resources. Examples of resources would be agency office space, parking space, equipment, and related resource during the time of labor organization activities.{{Cite web |date=2025-06-13 |title=Senate Adds Cuts To Federal Employees' Benefits In The "One Big Beautiful Bill" {{!}} FedSmith.com |url=https://www.fedsmith.com/2025/06/13/senate-adds-cuts-to-federal-employees-benefits-in-the-one-big-beautiful-bill/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |website=www.fedsmith.com |language=en-US}}https://www.paul.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/MDM25B50.pdf

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{{Main|Trump–Musk feud}}

The bill is credited with starting a public feud between Elon Musk and Donald Trump.{{Cite news |last1=Pager |first1=Tyler |last2=Schleifer |first2=Theodore |date=2025-06-05 |title=Trump Threatens to Cut Elon Musk's Government Contracts as Feud Escalates: Live Updates |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/05/us/trump-elon-musk |access-date=2025-06-06 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}

According to the White House's website, whitehouse.gov, 266 organizations, companies, and individuals have expressed public support for the bill, including AT&T, Comcast, 3M, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, the National Retail Federation, the National Taxpayers Union, and Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem.{{Cite web |title=The One, Big, Beautiful Bill Endorsements |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/obbb/endorsements/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=The White House |language=en-US}}

Moody's, which rates bonds, was the final of the three credit rating agencies to downgrade U.S. debt from AAA, citing efforts to pass the bill.Ben Werschkul (May 19, 2025) [https://finance.yahoo.com/news/moodys-downgrade-rattles-stocks-but-not-republicans-pushing-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-144448482.html Moody's downgrade rattles stocks but not Republicans pushing Trump's 'big beautiful bill’] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531165811/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/moodys-downgrade-rattles-stocks-but-not-republicans-pushing-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-144448482.html|date=May 31, 2025}} Yahoo Finance. Accessed May 28, 2025.

Polling indicates that an overwhelming majority of Americans oppose its provisions to ban state regulation of artificial intelligence.{{Cite web |last=Ruiz |first=Rebecca |date=2025-05-29 |title=Poll: Banning state regulation of AI is massively unpopular |url=https://mashable.com/article/big-beautiful-bill-ai-moratorium-poll |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Mashable |language=en |archive-date=June 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602053149/https://mashable.com/article/big-beautiful-bill-ai-moratorium-poll |url-status=live}} The provision was seen as irresponsible by researchers who believe that artificial superintelligence is imminent.{{Cite news |last=Roose |first=Kevin |date=2025-03-14 |title=Powerful A.I. Is Coming. We're Not Ready. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/14/technology/why-im-feeling-the-agi.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |quote=“Over the past year or two, what used to be called ‘short timelines’ (thinking that A.G.I. would probably be built this decade) has become a near-consensus,” Miles Brundage, an independent A.I. policy researcher who left OpenAI last year, told me recently.}}{{Cite web |date=2025-05-26 |title=SF protesters warn of 'human extinction' with AI's increasing intelligence, call for regulation |url=https://abc7news.com/post/san-francisco-protesters-warn-human-extinction-ais-increasing-intelligence-amid-trumps-big-beautiful-bill/16548302/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=ABC7 San Francisco |language=en |quote=As artificial intelligence continues to advance, there are renewed calls for regulation. But that might not happen because of a provision in President Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill}}{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=A Public Statement on AI Risk |url=https://pauseai.info/statement |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=PauseAI |language=en}} Others feared that it would prevent regulation of AI-generated child pornography and deepfakes, make certain privacy laws obsolete, and further centralize power in the federal government.{{Cite web |last=Alvarado |first=Mekyla |date=2025-06-05 |title=VERIFY: Breaking down the 10-year ban on AI regulation in Trump's 'Big Beautiful Bill' |url=https://www.wcnc.com/article/news/verify/trump-big-beautiful-bill-artificial-intelligence-state-law-impacts/275-4c06f055-f167-4eec-a0c3-5ed62b9c353e |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=wcnc.com |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Bartsch |first=Kayla |date=2025-06-05 |title=Trump's Big, Beautiful Bill Offers a Boon to AI-Generated Child Porn |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/trumps-big-beautiful-bill-offers-a-boon-to-ai-generated-child-porn/ |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=National Review |language=en-US}}

The Atlantic,{{Cite web |last=Chait |first=Jonathan |date=2025-05-22 |title=The Largest Upward Transfer of Wealth in American History |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/05/big-beautiful-transfer-of-wealth/682885/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}} CNBC,{{Cite web |last=Iacurci |first=Greg |date=2025-05-23 |title=House Republican tax bill favors the rich — how much they stand to gain, and why |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/23/house-republican-big-beautiful-tax-bill-favors-the-rich.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=May 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524222208/https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/23/house-republican-big-beautiful-tax-bill-favors-the-rich.html |url-status=live}} The New York Times,{{Cite news |last=Klein |first=Ezra |authorlink=Ezra Klein |date=2025-05-23 |title=Opinion {{!}} Trump's Big Budget Bomb |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/23/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-catherine-rampell.html |access-date=2025-05-24 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=May 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524171549/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/23/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-catherine-rampell.html |url-status=live}} and Vox{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Dylan |date=2025-05-21 |title=The reconciliation bill is Republicans doing what they do best |url=https://www.vox.com/policy/413851/trump-republican-reconciliation-bill-normal-tax-cuts |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Vox |language=en-US}} argued that the bill would create the largest upward transfer of wealth from the poor to the rich in American history, with Fortune{{Cite web |last=Hetzner |first=Christiaan |title=Trump's 'Robin Hood in reverse' tax bill is driving up the cost of buying a home, Democrats say |url=https://fortune.com/2025/05/23/trump-tax-bill-mortgage-rates/ |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=Fortune |language=en |archive-date=May 25, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525021623/https://fortune.com/2025/05/23/trump-tax-bill-mortgage-rates/ |url-status=live}} and CNN{{Cite web |last=Wolf |first=Tami Luhby, Zachary B. |date=2025-05-24 |title=Analysis: How Trump's megabill transfers wealth in the US {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/24/politics/house-tax-spending-cuts-bill-explained |access-date=2025-05-24 |website=CNN |language=en}} nicknaming it the "Reverse Robin Hood Bill" (since Robin Hood is known for "robbing the rich to give to the poor"). Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) mockingly called the bill the "We're All Going to Die Act",{{cite news |last1=Wallace |first1=Danielle |title=Schumer warns Trump budget bill Medicaid cuts could jeopardize GOP senators: 'We Are All Going to Die Act' |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-says-trump-budget-bill-medicaid-cuts-could-jeopardize-gop-senators-were-all-going-die-act |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=Fox News |date=4 June 2025 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604193227/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/schumer-says-trump-budget-bill-medicaid-cuts-could-jeopardize-gop-senators-were-all-going-die-act |archive-date=4 June 2025 | quote=...when public sentiment hears about this 'We're All Going to Die Act,' they're going to hate it, and they're going to tell their senators they hate it.}} alluding to comments made by Republican Senator Joni Ernst (R-IA) at a town hall.{{cite news |last1=Fingerhut |first1=Hannah |title=Ernst draws groans at Iowa town hall after retort on Medicaid cuts, saying 'we all are going to die' |url=https://apnews.com/article/joni-ernst-medicaid-iowa-town-hall-trump-dc5e06268110bfdfc398313e516d01fe |access-date=4 June 2025 |work=Associated Press |date=May 31, 2025 |location=Des Moines, Iowa|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530225306/https://apnews.com/article/joni-ernst-medicaid-iowa-town-hall-trump-dc5e06268110bfdfc398313e516d01fe |archive-date=30 May 2025 }}

Public health and policy researchers at Yale University and the University of Pennsylvania sent a letter to Senate leaders warning that cuts to health programs in the bill would lead to over 51,000 preventable deaths annually.{{Cite web |date=2025-06-06 |title=Researchers at Yale, UPenn say Trump's tax bill would lead to 51,000 deaths annually |url=https://www.scrippsnews.com/politics/health-care/researchers-at-yale-upenn-say-trumps-tax-bill-would-lead-to-51-000-deaths-annually |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Scripps News |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Galvani |first=Alison |date=June 3, 2025 |title=Proposed changes to Medicaid, other health programs could lead to over 51,000 preventable deaths, researchers warn |url=https://ysph.yale.edu/news-article/proposed-federal-budget-could-lead-to-over-51000-preventable-deaths-researchers-warn-in-letter-to-senate-leaders/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Yale School of Public Health |language=en}}

Elon Musk, the then-de facto head of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), denounced the bill as a massive spending bill;{{cite news |last1=Megerian |first1=Chris |last2=Freking |first2=Kevin |title=Elon Musk criticizes Trump's 'big beautiful bill,' a fracture in a key relationship |url=https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-donald-trump-big-beautiful-bill-aa2bc70b0ebdb219b5dd3e9f8fae03af |access-date=28 May 2025 |work=AP News |date=28 May 2025 |language=en}}{{cite magazine |last1=Guzman |first1=Chad de |title=Musk Says GOP Megabill 'Undermines' DOGE |url=https://time.com/7289045/musk-trump-big-beautiful-bill-national-debt-deficit-disappointed-doge/ |access-date=28 May 2025 |magazine=Time |date=28 May 2025 |language=en |archive-date=May 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528225319/https://time.com/7289045/musk-trump-big-beautiful-bill-national-debt-deficit-disappointed-doge/ |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last1=Hanrahan |first1=Tim |last2=Patterson |first2=Scott |title=Elon Musk Joins GOP Critics of Trump's 'Big, Beautiful' Bill |url=https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/elon-musk-trump-big-beautiful-spending-bill-a6d0a354?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=ASWzDAh81xJzNTbyObQ8W5SCpFhlXWkRuDQMyGDnvKt63l6pnKf-icE8Kewz4IknZ1I%3D&gaa_ts=6837960d&gaa_sig=_iIKAsGIVBgR0q6EYG_sKyGE6qqzrN3ENNJDhgMylxCA2czT0L6ru6JZCE6m0DvLsVeqd6KoTap5wAB6qTczaQ%3D%3D |url-access=subscription |access-date=28 May 2025 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=28 May 2025}} he later called it a "disgusting abomination."{{Cite web |date=2025-06-03 |title='Disgusting abomination': Elon Musk tears into Trump megabill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/5330697-elon-musk-trump-big-beautiful-bill-congress/ |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Tecotzky |first=Bryan Metzger, Alice |title=Elon Musk rips Trump's 'big beautiful bill' as a 'disgusting abomination' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-trump-big-beautiful-bill-disgusting-abomination-2025-6 |access-date=2025-06-03 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=June 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603185156/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-trump-big-beautiful-bill-disgusting-abomination-2025-6 |url-status=live}} Senators Rand Paul (R-KY) and Mike Lee (R-UT) backed Musk's criticism over the bill, with Lee writing that "the Senate must make this bill better".{{cite web |last=Crisp |first=Elizabeth |date=June 3, 2025 |title=Rand Paul, Mike Lee back Elon Musk over Trump-backed bill: 'We can and must do better' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5330775-rand-paul-mike-lee-criticize-trump-musk/ |access-date=June 4, 2025 |website=The Hill |archive-date=June 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250603195124/https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5330775-rand-paul-mike-lee-criticize-trump-musk/ |url-status=live}} Republican opposition to the bill has been associated with the libertarian faction of the party.{{cite news|work=The Hill|date=June 10, 2025|url=https://thehill.com/newsletters/the-movement/5341262-the-movement-stephen-miller-gop-libertarians/|title=Stephen Miller wages war on the GOP's libertarians}} As Rand Paul backed Musk's criticism of the bill, others have criticized Paul's Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee proposals for requiring new federal employees to be required to pay greater FERS contribution rate if they opt for Title 5 benefits while those who are at-will employees and who can be their employment terminated for any cause would pay a lower FERS contribution rate. The concern is that the increase in the number of at-will federal employees could allow the president to eliminate a large number of employees for any reason.{{Cite web |last=Heckman |first=Jory |date=2025-06-13 |title=OMB gets $100M to implement agency reorg plans ‘without obstruction,’ under Senate committee’s proposal |url=https://federalnewsnetwork.com/congress/2025/06/omb-gets-100m-to-implement-agency-reorg-plans-without-obstruction-under-senate-committees-proposal/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=federalnewsnetwork.com |language=en-US}} John Hatton the staff vice president for policy and programs at National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association (NARFE) warned about the following:

It would tax retirement benefits, creating a 5% pay cut for somebody under the system, while also undermining the merit-based civil service by having an additional 5% cut if you decide to retain those merit-based civil service protections. Those protections don’t exist for the purpose of the employee — they exist to protect against politically based firings of federal employees.

This so-called reconciliation bill is in fact a big retaliation bill—retaliation against AFGE and other unions for successfully standing up for our members and fighting this administration’s illegal attempts to obliterate our federal agencies and the patriotic civil servants who run our federal programs. These provisions represent a direct assault on federal employees and their labor unions and will make it that much harder for federal agencies to recruit and retain the qualified employees they desperately need to serve the American public.

• Bush tax cuts
• Omnibus spending bill
• Tax reform

{{Reflist}}

{{Second presidency of Donald Trump}}

Category:Proposed legislation of the 119th United States Congress

Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump

Category:United States federal reconciliation legislation