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Order of the Precious Crown

{{short description|Japanese order}}

{{Infobox order

|title = Order of the Precious Crown
宝冠章

|image = 220px

|caption = Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown (1st class)

|awarded_by = the Emperor of Japan

|type = Order

|day =

|eligibility =

|criteria = At the monarch's pleasure

|status = Currently constituted

|head_title=Sovereign

|head = HM The Emperor

|head2_title=Grand Mistress|head2=HM The Empress|chancellor =

|commander =

|classes = 1st through 8th Class

|established =

|first_induction =

|last_induction =

|total =

|recipients =

|individual =

|higher = Order of the Paulownia Flowers

|same = Order of the Rising Sun
Order of the Sacred Treasure, since 2003

|lower = Order of the Sacred Treasure, until 2003

|image2 =

|caption2 = The Order of the Precious Crown (Peony, Butterfly, Wistaria, Apricot, Ripple)

|Grand Mistress=}}

The {{Nihongo|Order of the Precious Crown|宝冠章|Hōkan-shō}} is a Japanese order, established on January 4, 1888 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. Since the Order of the Rising Sun at that time was an Order for men, it was established as an Order for women. Originally the order had five classes, but on April 13, 1896 the sixth, seventh and eighth classes were added.

Until 2003, the Order of the Precious Crown, which had eight ranks, was equivalent to the Order of the Rising Sun and was awarded as a women-only version of the Order of the Rising Sun.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210226103835/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/yushikisha/290619shiryo6.pdf 栄典制度の概要. p.6] Cabinet Office (Japan) In 2003 the Order of the Rising Sun, previously reserved for males, was made available to women as well, and the lowest two classes of the Order of the Precious Crown were abolished. Since 2003, the Order of the Precious Crown has only been given to female members of the imperial family in Japan and female members of the royal family in foreign countries only when it is specifically necessary for diplomatic ceremonies.

Since 2003, the number representing rank included in the official name of the order was removed. As a result, although numbers representing ranks were sometimes used in common names, the formal names such as 勲一等 (Kun-ittō, First Class) and 勲二等 (Kun-nitō, Second Class) were no longer used.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210226103835/https://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/yushikisha/290619shiryo6.pdf 栄典制度の概要. p.5] Cabinet Office (Japan)

In 1907, medals of the Order of the Crown were bestowed upon twenty-nine Americans who participated in the Russo-Japanese War. This unusual list of honorees was composed of ten women volunteer nurses and nineteen correspondents of American newspapers.

Classes

The first class honour has been typically conferred to female royalty. As originally conceived, the order consisted of eight classes. Unlike its European counterparts, the order may be conferred posthumously.

The badge of the order is a gold oval medallion, with floral designs at its four ends; at the centre is an ancient Japanese crown on a blue background, surrounded by a red ring. It is suspended from a smaller badge, its design varies according to class, on a ribbon in yellow with red stripes near the borders, as a sash on the right shoulder for the 1st class, as a bow on the left shoulder for the other classes.

The star of the order, which is worn only by the first class, has five rays studded with pearls, with floral designs between the rays. The central disc features a Ho-o or phoenix on a blue background, surrounded by a red ring emblazoned with a laurel wreath.

The medal for the 6th and 7th classes are golden bronze. The face presents the crossed flags of Japan and the Emperor, both of which are surmounted by the Rising Sun. The obverse presents a conventional monumental shaft, which is flanked by a branch of laurel and a branch of palm.[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9900E5D8133EE033A25757C0A9619C946697D6CF "Mikado Honors Americans; Order of the Crown Bestowed on Nurses and War Correspondents."] New York Times. July 4, 1907.

File:Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown.png|Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown (1st class)

File:The Order of the Precious Crown, Peony.png|The Order of the Precious Crown, Peony (2nd class)

The Order of the Precious Crown, Butterfly.png|The Order of the Precious Crown, Butterfly (3rd class)

File:The Order of the Precious Crown, Wistaria.png|The Order of the Precious Crown, Wistaria (4th class)

File:The Order of the Precious Crown, Apricot.png|The Order of the Precious Crown, Apricot (5th class)

File:The Order of the Precious Crown, Ripple.png|The Order of the Precious Crown, Ripple (6th class)

File:MET 06 417 F.jpeg|7th Class (Abolished in 2003)

File:MET 06 418 F.jpeg|8th Class (Abolished in 2003)

align=center class=wikitable width=58%

!colspan=4|Ribbon bars

width=25% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 1Class BAR.svgGrand Cordon, Paulownia

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 2Class BAR.svgSecond Class, Peony

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 3Class BAR.svgThird Class, Butterfly

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 4Class BAR.svgFourth Class, Wisteria

width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 5Class BAR.svgFifth Class, Apricot

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 6Class BAR.svgSixth Class, Ripples

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 7Class BAR.svgSeventh Class, Medal (abolished 2003)

|width=20% valign=top align=center|File:JPN Hokan-sho 8Class BAR.svgEighth Class, Medal (abolished 2003)

Selected recipients

{{dynamic list}}

=First Class, Grand Cordon=

File:Order of the Precious Crown end of 19th century Japan.jpg.]]

=Second Class, Peony=

=Third Class, Butterfly=

  • Joyce Ackroyd, 1918–1991Honor awarded 1983—[http://www.humanities.org.au/Resources/Downloads/Publications/Proceedings/Proc1991.pdf The Australian Academy of the Humanities Proceedings 1991 p73] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915090704/http://www.humanities.org.au/Resources/Downloads/Publications/Proceedings/Proc1991.pdf |date=2009-09-15 }}
  • Eleanor Jorden, 1920–2009Honor conferred 1985—National Association of Self-Instructional Language Programs (NASILP), [http://www.nasilp.net/eleanor.html Eleanor Jorden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918133503/http://www.nasilp.net/eleanor.html |date=2010-09-18 }}
  • Elizabeth Gray Vining, 1902–1999Japan America Society of Greater Philadelphia: [http://jasgp.org/content/view/446/179/ "The Emperor's Tutor"]
  • Lillian Moller Gilbreth, 1878–1972, Honor conferred 1968As I Remember, Lillian M. Gilbreth, Engineering & Management Press, 1998, p. 244.
  • Yoshi Kasuya, 1894–1994{{cite web|url=https://www.wellesley.edu/ealc/alum-corner/japan-alum/yoshi-kasuya-23-|title=Dr. Yoshi Kasuya ('23)|publisher=Wellesley College|access-date=November 14, 2019}}
  • Chika Kuroda, 1884–1968{{cite book|last=Haines|first=Catharine M. C.|title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-090-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/internationalwom00hain/page/164 164]}}
  • Margaret Sanger, 1879–1966, Honor conferred 1965{{cite web| title =The Heart to go to Japan|publisher= New York University: The Margaret Sanger Papers Project |date=Spring 1996|url=https://sanger.hosting.nyu.edu/articles/heart_to_japan/}}
  • Sugino Yoshiko, 1892-1978{{Cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%89%E9%87%8E%20%E8%8A%B3%E5%AD%90-1647314|title=杉野 芳子(スギノ ヨシコ)とは|last=20世紀日本人名事典,367日誕生日大事典|website=コトバンク|language=ja|access-date=2019-10-25}}
  • Kono Yasui, 1880–1971{{cite web|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588825373.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224220718/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2588825373.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 February 2016|title=Yasui, Kono (1880–1971)|work=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages|year=2007|url-access=subscription |access-date=7 November 2015}}
  • Toshiko Yuasa, 1909–1980{{cite journal|url=http://www.cospa.ntu.edu.tw/aappsbulletin/data/17-4/17_4_p1517.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712131743/http://www.cospa.ntu.edu.tw/aappsbulletin/data/17-4/17_4_p1517.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-07-12|journal=AAPPS Bulletin|date=August 2007|volume=17|issue=4|title=Toshiko Yuasa (1909-80): the First Japanese Woman Physicist and Her Followers in Japan|first1=Eri|last1=Yagi|first2=Hisako|last2=Matsuda|pages=15–17|access-date=6 November 2015}}

=Fourth Class, Wistaria=

  • Michiyo Tsujimura (1888-1969)
  • Yvette Giraud (1916-2014){{cite web |url=https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Presse/Archives-Presse/Archives-Communiques-de-presse-2012-2018/Annee-2014/Hommage-d-Aurelie-Filippetti-a-Yvette-Giraud |title=Hommage d’Aurélie Filippetti à Yvette Giraud |website= Archives Communiqués de presse (2012-2018) |publisher=Ministère de la Culture|access-date=9 December 2019}}
  • Machiko Hasegawa (1920–1992){{cite web |script-title=ja:第24回受賞作品：特別賞 長谷川町子 |url=https://www.asahi.com/corporate/award/tezuka/13367842#menu04 |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company |access-date=19 April 2021 |language=ja}}
  • Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (1926–2014)

=Fifth Class, Apricot=

  • Fujima Kansuma (1918-2023){{cite magazine |last=Murakami |first=Yuka |date=27 May 2020 |title=Madame Kansuma at 102: On Confinement and Little Tokyo’s Cultural Heritage |url=https://folklife.si.edu/magazine/madame-fujima-kansuma-confinement-culture-little-tokyo |magazine=Smithsonian |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=21 November 2020}}

=Sixth Class, Ripple=

| author =

| title = Those we lost in 2019

| url = https://www.rafu.com/2020/01/those-we-lost-in-2019/

| work = Rafu Shimpo

| location = Los Angeles, California

| date = 2 January 2020

| access-date = 21 November 2020

}}

=Seventh Class=

See also

Notes

{{reflist|2}}

References

  • Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America. {{ISBN|1-890974-09-9}}
  • Roth, Mitchel P. and James Stuart Olson. (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OEphWsER8QYC&dq=jiji++and+russo-japanese+war&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Historical Dictionary of War Journalism.] Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. {{ISBN|978-0-313-29171-5}}

External links

  • Japan, Cabinet Office: [http://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/en/orders-of-the-precious-crown.html Order of the Precious Crown]
  • Japan Mint

{{Honors and decorations of Japan}}

{{Orders of knighthood for women}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Order Of The Precious Crown}}

Category:Awards established in 1888

Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan

Precious Crown, Order of the

Precious Crown, Order of the

Category:1888 establishments in Japan