Palestinian Joint Operations Room

The operations room was formed for the first time in 2006 in order to unite against Israel during clashes and wars and included Hamas and the Islamic Jihad Movement, but it fell into obscurity. It was then developed, expanded, and was formed under its current name on July 23, 2018, among 12 military wings after clashes around Al-Aqsa Mosque, the most prominent of which was the installation of electronic gates there by Israel, in what is considered Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem.{{Cite web|title=غرفة العمليات المشتركة.. "قيادة أركان المقاومة" في غزة|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2019/4/11/%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%b1|access-date=2023-10-31|website=الجزيرة نت|language=ar}} It currently consists of 12 different armed groups, and has coordinated a large number of attacks on Israel including the October 7 attacks,{{cite web|title=How Hamas built a force to attack Israel on 7 October|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67480680#|website=BBC|access-date=2023-11-29|date=2023-11-27}} and has also coordinated defence and retaliations against Israeli attacks.{{cite web|title=Hamas terrorist Ayman Nofal explains the workings of the Palestinian organizations' joint operations room in the Gaza Strip|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/hamas-terrorist-ayman-nofal-explains-the-workings-of-the-palestinian-organizations-joint-operations-room-in-the-gaza-strip/|website=Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|access-date=2023-11-06|date=2023-10-31}} Ayman Nofal said that the goal of the room was to create an inter-organizational alliance to coordinate operations, and increase the potential of the "Palestinian Resistance", and for it to "become a comprehensive framework for all the organizations, networks and fighters, without exception".{{cite web|author1=Palestine Chronicle Staff|title=Joint Room and 'Unity of the Squares': What Will the Next Israeli War on Gaza Look Like|url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/joint-room-and-unity-of-the-squares-what-will-the-next-israeli-war-on-gaza-look-like/|website=The Palestine Chronicle|access-date=2023-10-31|date=2023-06-12}} He also gave a list of the 9 factions out of 12 which he said were "fully unified under the room".

In 2019, the operations room launched its first military operation in response to the dismembering of the body of a Palestinian fighter on the Israel-Gaza border by Israeli forces, consisting of shelling and rocket fire into Israel.{{Cite web|last=Truzman|first=Joe|date=2020-02-28|title=Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Joint Operations Room launch operation "Revenge of the Truthful."|url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/02/palestinian-islamic-jihad-joint-operations-room-launch-operation-revenge-of-the-truthful.php|access-date=2025-02-22|website=FDD's Long War Journal|language=en-US}}

Since 2020, the operations room has coordinated annual training exercises for military factions in the Gaza Strip, modeling amphibious and ground attacks on Israeli military installations and Kibbutzes.{{Cite web|date=2025-02-24|title=Palestinian Factions: Hamas and PIJ|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/palestinians-hamas-and-pij|access-date=2025-02-22|website=www.wilsoncenter.org|language=en}} The exercise also included coordinated artillery fire, test rocket launches into the Mediterranean Sea, UAV warfare drills, and military diving.{{Cite web|title=The first military exercise was held under the command of the joint operations room of all the terrorist organizations operating in the Gaza Strip. Its objective was to send messages of unity and improved military capabilities - The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center|url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/the-first-military-exercise-was-held-under-the-command-of-the-joint-operations-room-of-all-the-terrorist-organizations-operating-in-the-gaza-strip-its-objective-was-to-send-messages-of-unity-and-impr/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241206155229/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/the-first-military-exercise-was-held-under-the-command-of-the-joint-operations-room-of-all-the-terrorist-organizations-operating-in-the-gaza-strip-its-objective-was-to-send-messages-of-unity-and-impr/|archive-date=2024-12-06|access-date=2025-02-22|website=www.terrorism-info.org.il|language=en}} The trainings modeled maneuvers similar to those seen in the 7 October attack on Israel in 2023.{{Cite news|date=2023-11-27|title=How Hamas built a force to attack Israel on 7 October|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67480680|access-date=2025-02-22|language=en-GB}}

In mid 2024, the operations room accused the British Armed Forces of collaborating with Israel on its intelligence efforts in Gaza.{{Cite web|title=Palestinian Joint Operations Room says UK is contributing to Israeli intelligence work in Gaza|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/palestinian-joint-operations-room-says-uk-contributing-israeli|access-date=2025-02-22|website=Middle East Eye|language=en}}

• {{Armed forces|Hamas}}: Hamas{{Cite web|last=موسى|first=رائد|title=برا وبحرا وجوا.. المقاومة تنفذ أكبر مناورة عسكرية في غزة|url=https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2020/12/29/%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d9%86%d9%81%d8%b0-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1|access-date=2023-10-31|website=الجزيرة نت|language=ar}}{{Cite web|title=What is Hamas? A simple guide to the armed Palestinian group|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/what-is-the-group-hamas-a-simple-guide-tothe-palestinian-group|access-date=2023-10-31|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Inbari|first=Pinhas|date=2018-11-15|title=A "Joint Operations Room" in Gaza – the New Factor in the Balance of Power in Gaza|url=https://jcpa.org/a-joint-operations-room-in-gaza-the-new-factor-in-the-balance-of-power-in-gaza/|access-date=2023-10-31|website=Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs|language=en-US}}
• {{Armed forces|Palestinian Islamic Jihad}}: Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
• {{Armed forces|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}: Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)
• {{Armed forces|Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine}}: Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)
• {{Armed forces|Popular Resistance Committees}}: Popular Resistance Committees (PRC)
• {{Armed forces|Fatah}} (ex-Fatah, no longer aligned with it)
• {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Mujahideen Brigades: (Palestinian Mujahideen Movement)
• {{flagicon image|Al-Liwaa.svg}} Al-Ansar Brigades (Palestinian Freedom Movement)
• {{Armed forces|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command}}: (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC)

Ex-Fatah groups not mentioned by Nofal:

• {{flagicon image|23Flag(Plain)Y.svg}} Ayman Jawda Squads
• {{flagicon image|23Flag(Plain)Y.svg}} Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades
• {{flagicon image|23Flag(Plain)Y.svg}} Al-Assefa Army

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{{Gaza war}}

{{Whole Gaza Strip}}

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Category:2018 establishments in Palestine

Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Palestine

Category:Axis of Resistance

Category:Coalitions

Category:Gaza–Israel conflict

Category:Israel–Hamas war

Category:Joint military units and formations

Category:Military units and formations established in 2018

Category:Palestinian militant groups

Category:Palestinian nationalism

Category:Rebel alliances