Paris Métro Line 14

{{Infobox Paris Metro line

| image = Gare de Lyon (Paris métro) MP14 CA32 par Cramos.JPG

| image_caption = MP 14 automatic rolling stock at Gare de Lyon in the 12th arrondissement

| line_color = #{{rcr|Paris Métro|14}}

| text_color = white

| line_name = Line 14

| locale = Paris, Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, Clichy, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Gentilly, Villejuif, Chevilly-Larue, L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Thiais, Paray-Vieille-Poste

| year_opened = {{start date and age|df=y|15 October 1998}}

| terminus = {{stn|Saint-Denis–Pleyel}}

| operator_org = RATP

| conducting_system = Automatic (SAET)

| rolling_stock =MP 14
{{small|(60 trains as of 3 November 2024)}}

| number_stations = 21

| length = 27.8

| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
with roll ways for the rubber
tired wheels outside of the steel rails

| electrification = 750 V DC guide bars
on either side of the track

| route_time =41

| dist_between_stations = 1388

| passengers_per_year = 78m

| traffic_rank = 6th/14 (2021)

| connecting_lines = {{Br separated entries|{{rint|paris|m}} {{rint|paris|m|1}} {{rint|paris|m|3}} {{rint|paris|m|4}} {{rint|paris|m|6}} {{rint|paris|m|7}} {{rint|paris|m|8}} {{rint|paris|m|9}} {{rint|paris|m|11}} {{rint|paris|m|12}} {{rint|paris|m|13}}|{{rint|paris|r}} {{rint|paris|r|A}} {{rint|paris|r|B}} {{rint|paris|r|C}} {{rint|paris|r|D|}} {{rint|paris|r|E}}||{{R-I|paris|t}} {{R-I|paris|t|3a}}

{{R-I|paris|t|3b}} {{R-I|paris|t|7}}|

{{R-I|paris|i|}} {{R-I|paris|i|J}} {{R-I|paris|i|L}} {{R-I|paris|i|R}}}}

| map = {{Paris Métro Line 14|inline=yes}}

}}

Paris Métro Line 14 (French: Ligne 14 du métro de Paris) is one of the sixteen lines on the Paris Métro. It connects {{stn|Saint-Denis–Pleyel}} and Aéroport d'Orly on a north-west south-east diagonal via the three major stations of Gare Saint-Lazare, the Châtelet–Les-Halles complex, and Gare de Lyon. The line goes through the centre of Paris, and also serves the communes of Saint-Denis, Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, Clichy, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Gentilly, Villejuif, Chevilly-Larue, L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Thiais and Paray-Vieille-Poste.

The first Paris Métro line built from scratch since the 1930s, it has been operated completely automatically since its opening in 1998, and the very positive return of that experiment motivated the retrofitting of Line 1 for full automation. Before the start of its commercial service Line 14 was known as project Météor, an acronym of MÉTro Est-Ouest Rapide.

The line has been used as a showcase for the expertise of the RATP (the operator), Alstom, Systra and Siemens Transportation Systems (constructors of the rolling stock and automated equipment respectively) when they bid internationally to build metro systems.

A northward extension to Mairie de Saint-Ouen opened in December 2020.{{Cite web |date=2020-12-15 |title=Paris inaugurates Line 14 extension |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/paris-inaugurates-line-14-extension/ |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}} The line extended further north to {{stn|Saint-Denis–Pleyel}} and south to Aéroport d'Orly, as part of the Grand Paris Express project, on 24 June 2024.{{Cite web |last1=Compagnon |first1=Sébastian |last2=Gairaud |first2=Marie-Anne |date=2024-06-24 |title=Ligne 14 de Saint-Denis - Pleyel à l'aéroport d'Orly : « Ces nouvelles stations, c'est vraiment waouh ! » |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/ligne-14-de-saint-denis-pleyel-a-laeroport-dorly-ces-nouvelles-stations-cest-vraiment-waouh-24-06-2024-XCDH4PAG2RFYTLS4Z4VIVJT66Y.php |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}} Those extensions made Line 14 the longest in the Métro, at 27.8 km of length.

Chronology

15 October 1998: new Line 14 is inaugurated between Madeleine and Bibliothèque François Mitterrand.
16 December 2003: northern extension from Madeleine to Saint-Lazare opens.
26 June 2007: first southern extension from Bibliothèque François Mitterrand to Olympiades opens.{{Cite news| url=http://www.infrasite.nl/news/news_article.php?ID_nieuwsberichten=7579&language=en| title=New section of Metro Line 14 opened| publisher=InfraSite.net| date=2 July 2007| access-date=6 July 2007| archive-date=21 July 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721093638/http://www.infrasite.nl/news/news_article.php?ID_nieuwsberichten=7579&language=en| url-status=dead}}
3 March 2014: first of eighteen MP 05 trains goes into revenue service.{{cite web |date=14 November 2012 |title=Ile-de-France : 14 rames MP05 de plus pour la ligne 14 |url=http://www.ville-rail-transports.com/content/17840-ile-de-france-14-rames-mp05-de-plus-pour-la-ligne-14 |access-date=19 March 2013}}
12 October 2020: first of thirty five MP 14 trains goes into revenue service.{{cite web |date=13 October 2020 |title=Alstom's first MP14 metro train has started carrying passengers on Line 14 in Paris, which currently connects Olympiades and Saint-Lazare. |url=https://railway-news.com/first-mp14-metro-for-paris-line-14-enters-commercial-service/ |access-date=13 October 2020}}
14 December 2020: second northern extension from Saint-Lazare to Mairie de Saint-Ouen opens.
28 January 2021: Porte de Clichy opens to passengers.
13 April 2023: last of MP 89 and MP 05 trains run on the line, being transferred to Line 4.{{Cite web |title=La 14 passe à 8 voitures sur toute la ligne ! |url=https://prolongementligne14-orly.fr/actualites/la-14-passe-8-voitures-sur-toute-la-ligne-2620 |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Prolongement d'Olympiades à Aéroport d'Orly de la ligne 14 du métro |language=fr}}
24 June 2024: third northern extension from Mairie de Saint-Ouen to Saint-Denis–Pleyel opens.
24 June 2024: second southern extension from Olympiades to Aéroport d'Orly opens.
18 January 2025: Villejuif–Gustave Roussy opens.

Development

=The Météor Project=

File:Paris Metro St Lazare.jpg]]

The original Line 14 linked Invalides with Porte de Vanves until 1976, when it was merged into the southern section of the current Line 13.

Paris's east–west axis across has long been heavily travelled: Line 1 of the Métro began approaching saturation in the 1940s, necessitating the construction of Line A of the RER in the 1960s and '70s; which became the busiest urban routes in Europe (by 2010 there were more than a million passengers each working day). To improve service, the SACEM (Système d'aide à la conduite, à l'exploitation et à la maintenance --"Assisted driving, control and maintenance system") was installed on the central run of Line A in September 1989. This improved efficiency and reduced the interval between trains to just two minutes, though an improvement ultimately insufficient to absorb the increasing demand. To cater permanently to demand on the busy artery between {{stn|Auber}} and Gare de Lyon new rail lines would have to be built.

Two proposals were made by the transport companies: the SNCF suggested a new tunnel between Châtelet and Gare de Lyon for Line D of the RER allowing traffic to circulate from the north and south-east of Île-de-France. More importantly it proposed "Project EOLE" ("Est-Ouest Liaison Express"), the creation of a new standard gauge line, initially from Paris's eastern suburbs to Saint-Lazare, then an extension onwards to the western suburbs.

In 1987, the RATP proposed "project Météor", ("MÉTro-Est-Ouest-Rapide") the creation of a new Métro line, from Porte Maillot on the edge of the 16th arrondissement to the Maison Blanche district in the 13th, an area poorly served by transport despite its large population. The project would fit well with the regeneration of the Tolbiac district on the left bank around the new Bibliothèque Nationale de France, in that arrondissement.

The plans to go to Porte Maillot were eventually abandoned in favour of a terminus at Saint-Lazare, with the later possibility of extending the line to Clichy and assimilating the Asnières branch of Line 13, thus simplifying its complicated operation.

Given the pressing need, the council of Ministers of Michel Rocard's government approved the project in October 1989. However, budgetary constraints forced the reduction of both. In the first stage, EOLE would be but a simple extension of trains from the suburbs to the new underground station at Saint-Lazare and Météor limited to the central Madeleine – Bibliothèque run, thus leaving the main railway station of Saint-Lazare and the heart of the 13th arrondissement unserved.p. 10

= Construction =

File:Metro-Paris-ligne-14-statio.jpg.]]

From November 1989 until the end of 1992, exploratory shafts and galleries were dug; tunnelling proper lasted from July 1993 until early 1995. In September 1993, Sandrine was baptised near la Bastille; a tunnel boring machine {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=off|spell=in}} long and {{convert|11|m|ft|abbr=off|spell=in}} wide, it was capable of drilling a tunnel {{convert|8.6|m|ft|abbr=off}} across. Working twenty-four hours a day, five days a week, she bored {{convert|25|m|ft|abbr=off|spell=in}} below the water table. The terrain, made mostly of loosely packed limestone and marl was favourable to drilling and the tunnel advanced at a respectable {{convert|350|m|yd|abbr=off}} a month. The tunnel passes underneath seven Métro lines, the sewers, Clichy-Capucines, and four underground carparks and passes over two RER lines.

Works at the site and the excavation of excavated material from the bassin de l'Arsenal were delayed two weeks by a flood of the Seine, the waterway route having been chosen to minimise heavy traffic in the city. The tunnel reached the future Pyramides station on 17 January 1995, and Madeleine on 15 March; it stopped underneath boulevard Haussmann in August and was brought to the surface through shafts there the same month.pp. 69–73

At the other end of the line, from Gare de Lyon to Tolbiac the tunnel was excavated directly from the surface. It crossed the Seine upstream from pont de Tolbiac, supported by submerged beams the traditional under fluvial support. The last was implanted on 28 September 1994.

As a cost-saving measure, the section from Gare de Lyon to the Bassin de l'Arsenal was excavated at the same time as the tunnels of Line D of the RER Châtelet–Les Halles. The {{convert|816000|m3|cuyd|abbr=on}} of debris excavated is about twice the volume of the Tour Montparnasse, Paris's largest building; and the {{convert|19000|t|sigfig=3}} of steel needed for re-inforced concrete and structural support is twice the mass of the Eiffel Tower.La Vie du Rail, "Météor: Les premiers pas du métro de l'an 2000", number 2507, 9 August 1995, page 16

= Incidents =

Travellers have been largely satisfied with Line 14's speed and service. However, despite its automation it has not been free of accidents. While the platform doors prevent access to the rails, they are susceptible to electric outages which have halted service entirely. On 20 September 2004, two trains stopped entirely in the tunnel after a signalling failure.[http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article183.html "La couleur pourpre"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904224853/http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article183.html|date=4 September 2011|website=MétroPole|accessdate=5 October 2011|language=fr}} On 22 December 2006, passengers were trapped for one and a half hours after an electrical failure on the line which arose from a mechanical failure.[http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article746.html "Les pieds dans la prise..."], MétroPole, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811081204/http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article746.html|date=11 August 2011|website=MétroPole|accessdate=5 October 2011|language=fr}} Technological failures have occurred twice: on 21 March 2007 traffic was interrupted between Gare de Lyon and Bibliothèque François Mitterrand;[http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article802.html MétroPole – Coincé à faire un demi-tour] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120604175028/http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article802.html|date=4 June 2012|website=MétroPole|accessdate=5 October 2011|language=fr}} and again on 21 August 2007 a technical failure stopped service.[http://www.cio-online.com/actualites/lire-la-ligne-14-du-metro-victime-d-une-panne-informatique-750.html La ligne 14 du métro victime d'une panne informatique] www.cio-online.com Retrieved 5 October 2011. {{in lang|fr}}

= Extensions =

File:Metro-Paris-Ligne-4-2-Stati.jpg.]]

Traffic on the line grew quickly; after five years in service, there were 240,000 daily passengers in October 2003.{{cite web |url=http://www.ratp.fr/common/ressources/623.pdf |title=Communiqué de presse RATP – La ligne 14 fête ses 5 ans ! |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060603175228/http://ratp.fr/common/ressources/623.pdf |archive-date=3 June 2006 }} Retrieved 5 October 2011. {{in lang|fr}} That same year, service was interrupted several times to allow the installation of material for an extension north from Madeleine to Saint-Lazare. This section was opened on 16 December 2003, and the line saw a 30% increase in traffic thereafter; this northern terminus of Line 14 is the most important node on the network after Gare du Nord.

In 2007, the line was extended south to Olympiades, an area of high rise towers in the XIIIe arrondissement poorly served by the Métro.Le Parisien, "Le métro compte une nouvelle station", 26 juin 2007 The construction of the extension was relatively simple, as the tunnel was built at the same time as the rest of the line. Initially planned to open in 2006, work was delayed by the collapse of a primary school courtyard during the night of 14–15 October 2006.{{cite web |title=Conseil général des Ponts et Chaussées – Effondrement sur le chantier METEOR |url=http://portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/documents/cgedd/2003-0054-01.pdf |access-date=5 October 2011 |archive-date=7 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107140112/http://portail.documentation.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/documents/cgedd/2003-0054-01.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{small|(824 KB)}}, avril 2003[https://www.humanite.fr/2003-02-17_Societe_-Une-cour-d-ecole-s-effondre-a-Paris "Une cour d'école s'effondre à Paris"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618130558/http://www.humanite.fr/2003-02-17_Societe_-Une-cour-d-ecole-s-effondre-a-Paris |date=18 June 2008 }}, l'Humanité Since then traffic has grown again: at the end of 2007, an average of 450,000 passengers used the line on a working day. Due to its use as a train maintenance area, a new maintenance area was constructed.

A second northern extension to Mairie de Saint-Ouen opened on 14 December 2020, somewhat helping to desaturate the section of Line 13 between this station and Saint-Lazare. This extension was originally supposed to open in 2017, but construction was postponed several times during the course of 2016 and 2017, and the COVID-19 pandemic also hampered opening efforts during the course of 2020. The opening of this extension lengthened line 14 from {{Cvt|9|km}} to just shy of {{Cvt|14|km}}.{{cite press release |date=14 December 2020 |title=Alstom's new automatic MP14 metro enters commercial service on the Line 14 extension in Paris and its region |url=https://www.alstom.com/press-releases-news/2020/12/alstoms-new-automatic-mp14-metro-enters-commercial-service-line-14#_ftn1 |type=Press release |publisher=Alstom SA |access-date=2020-12-15}}

As part of the Grand Paris Express expansion plans, Line 14 was again expanded both north and south.

The northern extension from Saint-Lazare has a principal aim of reducing overcrowding on Line 13.{{cite web |title=Prolongement de la ligne 14 de Saint-Lazare à Mairie de Saint-Ouen |url=http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/c_11634/carte-d-identite/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124122556/http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/c_11634/carte-d-identite/ |archive-date=24 November 2011 |access-date=17 November 2011 |publisher=RATP |language=fr}} The adopted solution crosses the two branches of Line 13 with stations at {{stn|Porte de Clichy}} on the Asnières–Gennevilliers branch and {{stn|Mairie de Saint-Ouen}} on the Saint-Denis branch. Another station interconnects with the RER C station Saint-Ouen, another one with the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare lines at {{stn|Pont Cardinet}}, and the last one with the RER D at {{stn|Saint-Denis–Pleyel}}. Construction on the extension began in 2014, and it was opened on 14 December 2020, except for Saint-Denis–Pleyel on 24 June 2024.{{cite web |date=11 October 2020 |title=Paris : la ligne 14 prolongée va ouvrir le 17 décembre, annonce Valérie Pécresse |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/la-ligne-14-va-ouvrir-le-17-decembre-annonce-pecresse-20201011 |access-date=1 November 2020 |publisher=Le Figaro |language=fr}}

Line 14 was also extended south-eastwards from {{stn|Olympiades}} towards Orly Airport, with 6 intermediate stations. Both future ends of the line were connected with the completion of the digging of the final tunnel of the southern extension on 3 March 2021 and that of the northern extension on 15 April 2021.{{cite press release |date=23 April 2021 |title=La course d'obstacles du tunnelier Valérie s'achève avec succès |url=https://www.societedugrandparis.fr/gpe/actualite/la-course-dobstacles-du-tunnelier-valerie-sacheve-avec-succes-3237 |type=Press release |publisher=societedugrandparis.fr}} {{in lang|fr}} The southern extension to Orly, along with the northern extension to Saint-Denis–Pleyel, was opened on 24 June 2024.{{cite web |title=Calendrier, Prolongement d'Olympiades à Aéroport d'Orly de la ligne 14 du métro |url=https://prolongementligne14-orly.fr/calendrier |access-date=1 November 2020 |publisher=RATP |language=fr}}{{cite news |last1=Dumas |first1=Nicolas |date=11 April 2024 |title=Prolongement des lignes 11, 14 et du RER E: les dates d'inauguration se précisent |url=https://www.msn.com/fr-fr/actualite/france/prolongement-des-lignes-11-14-et-du-rer-e-les-dates-dinauguration-se-précisent/ar-BB1lrS1B |access-date=11 April 2024}} A fare of €10.30, almost five times the standard Metro fare, applies for journeys starting or ending at Orly Airport.https://www.parisaeroport.fr/en/passengers/access/paris-orly/public-transport/metro-line-14 One station – Villejuif–Gustave Roussy – was not ready to open with the rest of the southern extension in June 2024 and only opened on 18 January 2025. It will provide a future connection on the orbital line 15.{{Cite web |last=Hasse |first=Benoît |date=2024-12-19 |title=Les métros de la ligne 14 s'arrêteront enfin à la gare Villejuif-Gustave-Roussy... dans un mois |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-metros-de-la-ligne-14-sarreteront-enfin-a-la-gare-villejuif-gustave-roussy-dans-un-mois-19-12-2024-QFB6Z2KI2VGAFKUKTQNMN7Q62I.php |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}

In February 2012 the STIF announced that, with the two extensions planned, a brand new class of rolling stock, the MP 14 will replace the current line of MP 89CA (and upcoming MP 05) stock along Line 14 around 2020. This new stock will consist of eight-car train formations, longer than used to date on the Métro, with the MP 89CA and MP 05 stock reassigned to other lines (including the possibility of Lines 4, 6, or 11, should they one day become automated).{{cite web |url=http://www.stif.info/IMG/pdf/STIF_-_Modernisation_du_metro.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014065246/http://www.stif.info/IMG/pdf/STIF_-_Modernisation_du_metro.pdf |archive-date=14 October 2012 }} Modernisation du métro (in French). STIF. Retrieved 11 February 2012

= Statistics =

The number of passengers grew year-by-year on the line.Données de fréquentation : [http://www.stif.org/information-communication/communication/nos-publications/les-transports-chiffres-67.html Statistiques 2005 du STIF, les transports en commun en chiffres, page 16]{{Cite web|title=Trafic annuel et journalier|url=http://www.omnil.fr/spip.php?article119|access-date=2020-12-20|website=www.omnil.fr}}

class="wikitable"

! Year

| 1998

| 1999

| 2000

| 2001

| 2002

| 2003

| 2004

|2007

|2008

| 2009

|2010

|2011

|2012

|2013

|2014

|2015

|2016

|2017

|2018

|2019

----

! align="left" |Passengers (millions)

| align="right" |3.5

| align="right" |19.0

| align="right" |25.0

| align="right" |31.8

| align="right" |38.7

| align="right" |40.8

| align="right" |64.1

|66.9

|77.3

| align="right" |79.7

|79.4

|79.9

|78.5

|77.6

|77.9

|78.9

|80.2

|83.3

|87.4

|92.0

Impact

The experience in automated control and doors has inspired several new projects. In 1998, the RATP began planning to automate several existing lines, despite the heavy cost. Automation work on Line 1 began in 2007, along with the introduction of doors on the platform.[http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article791.html MétroPole – Kaba prend les portes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100716110209/http://www.metro-pole.net/actu/article791.html |date=16 July 2010 |website= MétroPole |accessdate=5 October 2011 |language=fr}} The upgrade was finished in 2012.[http://www.siemens.com/index.jsp?sdc_p=ft15ml2s4u18o1329418i1329429pc58z3&sdc_bcpath=1247055.s_4,1268546.s_4,1269355.s_4,&sdc_sid=33715969136& Siemens Transportation Systems – Nos réalisations, Paris – ligne 1], Siemens. Retrieved 4 October 2011{{in lang|fr}} In 2022, Line 4 was upgraded and automated following the successful Line 1 project.

The widespread introduction of platform doors for passenger safety is planned, despite the project's cost. In January 2004, ground level signalling to indicate the doorways was tested on Line 13 at Saint-Lazare station. Several different door models were tested during 2006 and Kaba was chosen to supply them. After testing, platform doors will be rolled out across the network, first in certain stations on Line 13, then on the totality of Line 1 in preparation for its complete automation.(éd. 2004:135–136)

Technology

This new line parallel to Line A took the opportunity to incorporate innovations on the rest of the network: the stations are larger and, at {{Convert|120|m}}, longer and thus can accommodate eight carriages. The runs between stations are longer, allowing a rolling speed of close to {{Cvt|40|km/h}}, close to double that of the other Paris metro lines and approaching that of the RER. Lastly, the line is completely automated and runs without any driver, the first large-scale metro line in a capital to do so (although driverless operation had been used on the VAL system in Lille and the MAGGALY technology of Lyon Metro Line D).pp. 7–9

Some features of Line 14's train control system are run under the OpenVMS operating system. Its control system is noted in the field of software engineering of critical systems because safety properties on some safety-critical parts of the systems were proved using the B-Method, a formal method.

Line 14 has some unusual design features – unlike other stations in Paris, its floor tiling is not bitumenised, and platform screen doors at stations prevent passengers from falling onto the track or from committing suicide.

=Signaling system=

Météor as CBTC (Communication-based train control) system was supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems including monitoring from an operations control centre, equipment for 7 stations and equipment for 19 six-car trains, resulting in a headway of 85 seconds.{{cite web | work=Siemens AG | title=Driverless CBTC System for Line 14, Paris, France | url=http://references.transportation.siemens.com/refdb/showReference.do?r=1432&div=2&l=en | access-date=9 July 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061019140333/http://references.transportation.siemens.com/refdb/showReference.do?r=1432&div=2&l=en | archive-date=19 October 2006 | df=dmy-all }} It was the base for the Trainguard MT CBTC, which then equipped other rapid transit lines throughout the world.

=Rolling stock=

Line 14 uses rubber-tyre rolling stock. Three types of trains were used: MP 89CA (21 trains as of 3 November 2013), MP 05 (11 trains as of 20 March 2016), and MP 14 (22 train as of November 2022). The last MP89 and MP05 ran on the line in 2023 and were moved to the newly automated Line 4. The MP89 and MP05 contained six cars, while the MP14 trains which displaced them have eight cars. All Line 14 stations were designed from the start to accommodate eight cars, and the introduction of the MP 14 greatly increased capacity on the line.

Map

700px

Stations

class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"

! Station

! style="width:100px" class="unsortable"|Image

! Commune

! data-sort-type="date"|Opened

! class="unsortable"|Interchanges

! colspan="2"| Distance (in km)

{{stl|Paris Métro|Saint-Denis–Pleyel}}

Paris Métro Line 14

Chronology

Development

=The Météor Project=

= Construction =

= Incidents =

= Extensions =

= Statistics =

Impact

Technology

=Signaling system=

=Rolling stock=

Map

Stations

Architecture

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links