Pastifício Selmi
{{Infobox company
| logo = File:Selmi logo.svg
| native_name = Pastifício Selmi
| native_name_lang = pt-BR
| type = Private
| industry = Food industry
| founded = {{Start date and age|1887}}
| founder = Adolpho Selmi
| hq_location_city = Campinas
| hq_location_country = Brazil
| area_served = 40 countries
| products = pasta, biscuits, olive oil, flour, grated cheese, coffee, cake mix, others
| brands = Galo, Renata, Todeschini
| revenue = R$ 1.7 billion
| website = https://pt-br.selmi.com.br
}}
Pastifício Selmi is a multinational company from Campinas. They produce several kinds of food products, including pasta, flour, shredded cheese, cake mix, biscuits, coffee{{cite news |last=Sarruf |first=Marina |date=23 March 2009 |title=Grupo Selmi começa a exportar para o Golfo |url=https://anba.com.br/grupo-selmi-comeca-a-exportar-para-o-golfo/ |publisher=Agência de Notícias Brasil-Árabe |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323030219/https://anba.com.br/grupo-selmi-comeca-a-exportar-para-o-golfo/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} olive oil, flour and wafers,{{cite news |last=Mancini |first=Isabelle |date=21 February 2025 |title=O legado de tradição italiana na indústria alimentícia brasileira |url=https://jornaluniao.com.br/noticias/geral/o-legado-de-tradicao-italiana-na-industria-alimenticia-brasileira |publisher=Jornal União |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323032855/https://jornaluniao.com.br/noticias/geral/o-legado-de-tradicao-italiana-na-industria-alimenticia-brasileira |archive-date=23 March 2025}} sold for retail companies such as Unilever, Carrefour, Atacadão, Assaí Atacadista, Grupo Pereira and Cristal Alimentos.{{cite news |last=Ragazzi |first=Ana Paula |date=22 February 2022 |title=Selmi – dona do macarrão Renata – levanta CRA de R$ 200 milhões |url=https://braziljournal.com/selmi-dona-do-macarrao-renata-levanta-cra-de-r-200-milhoes/ |publisher=Brazil Journal |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323034901/https://braziljournal.com/selmi-dona-do-macarrao-renata-levanta-cra-de-r-200-milhoes/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} The company is one of the first pasta factories from São Paulo.{{cite news |last=Pinho |first=Flávia G. |date=24 October 2022 |title=De sobras a fios quebrados, macarrão 'à brasileira' leva de tudo e se repete por gerações |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/comida/2022/10/de-sobras-a-fios-quebrados-macarrao-a-brasileira-leva-de-tudo-e-se-repete-por-geracoes.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323012623/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/comida/2022/10/de-sobras-a-fios-quebrados-macarrao-a-brasileira-leva-de-tudo-e-se-repete-por-geracoes.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
History
= First years =
Pastifício Selmi was created as a small pasta factory by the Italian immigrant Adolpho Selmi in 1887, on Campinas. Initially, the company sold pasta baskets directly for the houses on Campinas, but soon Adolpho formed a partnership with Hugo Gallo and created the brand "Gallo".
The pasta was initially manually produced, but the production changed to animal traction, steam and then electric dough mixers imported from Italy.
= Expansion =
In 1956, Selmi became an anonymous partnership.{{cite news |title=Forbes Agro100 2022: As maiores empresas do agronegócio brasileiro |url=https://forbes.com.br/forbesagro/2023/01/lista-forbes-agro100-2022-as-maiores-empresas-do-agronegocio-brasileiro/ |publisher=Forbes |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323021223/https://forbes.com.br/forbesagro/2023/01/lista-forbes-agro100-2022-as-maiores-empresas-do-agronegocio-brasileiro/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2005, after the death of his father, Ricardo Selmi, assumed the presidency of the company.{{cite news |last=Fordelone |first=Yolanda |date=27 June 2011 |title=Dona da marca Renata quer dobrar participação no mercado de biscoitos |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/negocios/dona-da-marca-renata-quer-dobrar-participacao-no-mercado-de-biscoitos/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323160429/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/negocios/dona-da-marca-renata-quer-dobrar-participacao-no-mercado-de-biscoitos/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2009, Selmi initiated their biscuit{{cite news |date=24 June 2014 |title=Biscoito Ganha Mais Espaço na Selmi |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/biscoito-ganha-mais-espaco-na-selmi-25457/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323045808/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/biscoito-ganha-mais-espaco-na-selmi-25457/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=VUcmmlMuqfpvmVKNu8AfEyoxYugLqv3ruyIUq9f4Rt4-1742705888-1.0.1.1-6cTqm2YB77CwmueO1GcgJgs13X8NFTu4x3_yOFSo_Gs |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and olive oil production.{{cite news |date=9 October 2009 |title=Selmi Aposta em Novos Mercados |url=https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-aposta-em-novos-mercados-4855/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323060401/https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-aposta-em-novos-mercados-4855/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=.KiB50BfhNcgSvF5KceupJ0q3DUhaLLU2mzytNeiofg-1742709841-1.0.1.1-4LzoR3z4DHCnXsX6JSX0r0qxlJkBReZF6vRdyCNZUBY |archive-date=23 March 2025}} In 2011, Selmi invested R$ 5 million in the marketing campaign for the new segment.{{cite news |date=25 April 2011 |title=Selmi Investe R$ 5 Milhões em Campanha |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-investe-r-5-milhoes-em-campanha-10028/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2011, Selmi opened a factory in Ipojuca.{{cite news |date=6 July 2010 |title=Selmi Abre Fábrica em Pernambuco |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-abre-fabrica-em-pernambuco-7296/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323055304/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-abre-fabrica-em-pernambuco-7296/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=QsQXJfCl449Fk9esmvS11lEN2NB1cTPdfNdprUKVs8c-1742709184-1.0.1.1-6R9U91o5crHDsOgmrBpBi0MtK1_8GIvrei9nPpxi0Zg |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2012, Selmi pasta price rose between 21% and 25% due several factors, including hail rain in Paraná, decrease of sales, the Dollar price when compared to Real and the economic crisis in Argentina.{{cite news |date=3 March 2012 |title=Macarrão sobe até 25% a partir de hoje |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/macarrao-sobe-ate-25-a-partir-de-hoje/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323155531/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/macarrao-sobe-ate-25-a-partir-de-hoje/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=3 March 2012 |title=Massas: vendas fracas retraem reajustes |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/massas-vendas-fracas-retraem-reajustes/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323155948/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/massas-vendas-fracas-retraem-reajustes/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2020, Selmi profit fell in 35%. In the same year, the company launched two portals for recipes and a virtual assistance to connect the e-commerce and retailers.{{cite news |last=Rolli |first=Claudia |date=29 October 2020 |title=Grupo de 27 vencedoras de comida e bebida doaram 4.200 toneladas de alimentos |url=https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2020/10/grupo-de-27-vencedoras-de-comida-e-bebida-doaram-4200-toneladas-de-alimentos.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323015437/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2020/10/grupo-de-27-vencedoras-de-comida-e-bebida-doaram-4200-toneladas-de-alimentos.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2021, Selmi invested in the robotization of their factory and the expansion of their industrial park.{{cite news |last=Zoppei |first=Marjorie |date=28 October 2021 |title=De arroz e feijão a pipoca e iogurte grego, Top Alimentação traz 22 campeãs |url=https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2021/10/de-arroz-e-feijao-a-pipoca-e-iogurte-grego-top-alimentacao-traz-22-campeas.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323014342/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2021/10/de-arroz-e-feijao-a-pipoca-e-iogurte-grego-top-alimentacao-traz-22-campeas.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2022, Selmi was the second biggest pasta producer from Brazil, behind M. Dias Branco. Because of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, their prices rose due low stocks of wheat.{{cite news |last=Madureira |first=Daniele |date=17 March 2022 |title='Não temos plano B' para o trigo mais caro, diz fabricante de massas e biscoitos |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/03/nao-temos-plano-b-para-o-trigo-mais-caro-diz-fabricante-de-biscoitos-e-massas.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323013743/https://fotografia.folha.uol.com.br/galerias/1727494529351091-mercado-de-massas-biscoitos-e-paes-industrializados-fatura-mais-de-r-40-bilhoes-ao-ano#foto-1727494529704996 |archive-date=23 March 2025}} In the same year, Selmi started a revenue capitation with a public offer from Agribusiness Receivables Certificates (CRA) aiming for R$ 200 million in six years.{{cite news |title=Forbes Agro100 2023: O ano das maiores empresas do agronegócio brasileiro |url=https://forbes.com.br/forbesagro/2024/01/agro-100/ |publisher=Forbes |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323020652/https://forbes.com.br/forbesagro/2024/01/agro-100/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2023, Selmi started the operations of their windmill and distribution center in Rolândia.{{cite news |date=20 April 2023 |title=Selmi investe em moinho próprio no Paraná |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/producao-de-materia-prima-71555/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323035327/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/producao-de-materia-prima-71555/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=fuVefRIR1OLjf2cJnqm7tDgyvgpTrTPG8oohhZDK6Rw-1742702007-1.0.1.1-JT8fxBiM5DIk2xEBQ2Vi_0WcPAIA6krFkSXbp5W1_Vk |archive-date=23 March 2025}} Barbosa Neto (PDT), the mayor of Londrina, was against the construction of the windmill to avoid the company's exit from the city.{{cite news |date=20 October 2009 |title=Macarrão Galo pode deixar Londrina |publisher=Folha de Londrina |url=https://www.folhadelondrina.com.br/economia/macarrao-galo-pode-deixar-londrina-697590.html |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323161041/https://www.folhadelondrina.com.br/web/20250323161041/https://www.folhadelondrina.com.br/economia/macarrao-galo-pode-deixar-londrina-697590.html?d=1 |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Exportations
Selmi began selling their products abroad in 2005, but in 2007 their exportations became constant.
In 2009, Selmi closed a partnership during Gulfood on Dubai and started selling their products in countries from the Gulf, such as United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and Jordan.
In 2011, Selmi closed a contract with Publix and Winn-Dixie to sell their products in the United States.{{cite news |date=30 May 2011 |title=Selmi Leva Marca Renata às Gôndolas Americanas |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-leva-marca-renata-as-gondolas-americanas-10348/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323053716/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-leva-marca-renata-as-gondolas-americanas-10348/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=JYio3Z6O6Zn7eb_26RGCNxbcmJpCOHYo7LiEAnEaY6E-1742708236-1.0.1.1-hr3WQsHqwcOKiATvrZE0KmwI882nhy7Eyr.SvPYgnVw |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2023, Selmi operated in 40 countries, including Portugal, Paraguay, Venezuela, Cuba and Angola.{{cite news |last=Gil |first=Pedro |date=22 August 2024 |title=O avanço do Grupo Selmi na Venezuela, Cuba e Angola |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/radar-economico/o-avanco-do-grupo-selmi-na-venezuela-cuba-e-angola/ |publisher=Veja |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323144703/https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/radar-economico/o-avanco-do-grupo-selmi-na-venezuela-cuba-e-angola/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Brands
= Galo =
Originally called "Gallo", it was the first brand from Selmi, produced since 1887, when Adolpho Selmi closed a partnership with Hugo Gallo.{{cite news |date=24 October 2022 |title=Brasileiros inventam formas de fazer macarrão que deixariam italianos 'de cabelo em pé' |url=https://fotografia.folha.uol.com.br/galerias/1747604605326775-brasileiros-inventam-formas-de-fazer-macarrao-que-deixariam-italianos-de-cabelo-em-pe#foto-1747604605723201 |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323012820/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2022/10/datafolha-revela-as-17-marcas-mais-lembradas-do-top-alimentacao.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}}{{cite news |last=Pinho |first=Flávia G. |date=25 October 2022 |title=Datafolha revela as 17 marcas mais lembradas do Top Alimentação |url=https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2022/10/datafolha-revela-as-17-marcas-mais-lembradas-do-top-alimentacao.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323012820/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2022/10/datafolha-revela-as-17-marcas-mais-lembradas-do-top-alimentacao.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Galo brand is used in several products, including whole meal pasta,{{cite news |date=25 October 2012 |title=Selmi Cria Linha Integral Para a Marca Galo |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-cria-linha-integral-para-a-marca-galo-16823/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323035327/https://gironews.com/favicon.ico?__cf_chl_rt_tk=KEeKVMDHwOHXJLlgoWJsjbHyS8jkaIlkBaNNzoNTqD8-1742702007-1.0.1.1-vtRHZywIAnkebbyw2jREWdKDvDd9r_FrKxH_wA7hVj0 |archive-date=23 March 2025}} doughnuts{{cite news |date=17 September 2019 |title=Selmi Relança Rosquinhas Galo |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/rosquinhas-galo-voltam-55424/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323044108/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/rosquinhas-galo-voltam-55424/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WBg1lcot01sj27OI8EI1J33wKCCBWqEagls4XIUQh4I-1742704868-1.0.1.1-s6.MWZ2z.f0V1A7V8lwXdXALV9CuCcVGyABU.j1Yzus |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and stuffed cookies.{{cite news |date=19 December 2013 |title=Lançamentos da Selmi |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/lancamentos-da-selmi-23172/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323051027/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/lancamentos-da-selmi-23172/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=wu1ldCiAA8dLgTWnMgKx2sfXoGtgEc7IaL4NLR1kZVA-1742706627-1.0.1.1-4U2FXkYQjeQGActLldbE17vC_30XlxR3QfwwQ.LbbUs |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2014, Galo launched a marketing campaign with Edu Guedes.{{cite news |date=13 October 2014 |title=Selmi Estreia Nova Campanha do Macarrão Galo |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-estreia-nova-campanha-do-macarrao-galo-27455/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323045500/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-estreia-nova-campanha-do-macarrao-galo-27455/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=SYdEySIa7D_zct1MkHra1Ul3h3QLJbo6_6RnJOiUCSo-1742705700-1.0.1.1-MEaWtnfqf7oq9WcuWFom5DZNLeMQwv4ljCYNDg_xQ74 |archive-date=23 March 2025}} In May 2023, Galo launched "Recipes in the Tip of the Tongue", that displayed pasta recipes made by the consumers.
= Renata =
Renata brand was created in 1964{{cite news |date=13 October 2014 |last=Garcia |first=Rosevelt |title=Marcas brasileiras centenárias que ainda estão ativas |url=https://vejasp.abril.com.br/coluna/memoria/marcas-brasileiras-centenarias-que-ainda-estao-ativas/ |publisher=Veja |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323144157/https://vejasp.abril.com.br/coluna/memoria/marcas-brasileiras-centenarias-que-ainda-estao-ativas/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and it is used in several products, including durum wheat pasta,{{cite news |date=25 June 2020 |title=Selmi Renova Identidade do Macarrão Grano Duro |url=https://gironews.com/embalagem/renata-ganha-site-de-receita-59565/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323043458/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/galo-ensina-a-cozinhar-60454/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=zNZbaneZlhUuxuKzCAVYfztPDiSHQcKNSxcVRbX8NzI-1742704498-1.0.1.1-hi0d1n7akB_FDMC5Psw0awS_ORs78pgIXvHjUf6oqKM |archive-date=23 March 2025}} whole meal pasta,{{cite news |date=30 April 2014 |title=Selmi Lança Novidades na Linha de Biscoitos e Massas |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-lanca-novidades-na-linha-de-biscoitos-e-massas-24661/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323050535/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-lanca-novidades-na-linha-de-biscoitos-e-massas-24661/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=doa85g_3MJgzIeBQtRP0TuGxK3y.dmRhDGJciSC1cJM-1742706335-1.0.1.1-7iMtgNwnmuve4zaUZftHJZcI0wfyiH4mNulSgumMefU |archive-date=23 March 2025}} organic pasta,{{cite news |date=12 February 2021 |title=Marca Renata Entra no Mercado de Orgânicos |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/nova-versao-de-spaghetti-62503/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323061804/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/nova-versao-de-spaghetti-62503/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=DO_qWW3vvMgMtERR9FLfwV9cha7rgSW1LpfyTM8mwV8-1742710685-1.0.1.1-eUPJYpS17fZRakviM1hXTuzFxnreZTUlN0JLrQmkaB4 |archive-date=23 March 2025}} capelletti, spaghetti,{{cite news |date=27 May 2013 |title=Selmi Amplia Presença no Food Service |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/nova-aposta-35114/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323052214/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-amplia-presenca-no-food-service-20276/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=3s8ys42T619RjwlP0fHB9dQEn_r4xIDTZ7bQX7Bg5oc-1742707334-1.0.1.1-Itdc.mbVKT_hCNGPye5aXE0IfKo7PeuSkj2C3qrzAJs |archive-date=23 March 2025}} bow-tie pasta,{{cite news |date=19 July 2010 |title=Selmi Tem Nova Linha de Massas Caseiras |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-tem-nova-linha-de-massas-caseiras-7415/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323055125/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-tem-nova-linha-de-massas-caseiras-7415/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WxwvlX4IzaMFMc1I.TzLAFNexcrY1SikOpL4Hs87qdM-1742709085-1.0.1.1-DKTRtfdkfTZFDaftlhc9Nf9s1Bs9IFcCl1578aP4P9E |archive-date=23 March 2025}} cavatappi,{{cite news |date=28 October 2020 |title=Renata Lança Linha de Massas Sem Glúten |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/ampliando-o-portfolio-61323/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323062223/https://gironews.com/categoria/lancamentos/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=WAM6lPbHdnPAhdAJ6oplSwF0_Lsk_yzdpmcGiS3pP3k-1742710943-1.0.1.1-t7tfcvB6kWz1bGCusWjOWLKoMRGPgkX0r6ksUFuhmHA |archive-date=23 March 2025}} yakisoba pasta,{{cite news |date=2 August 2010 |title=Novo Yakisoba Renata Express |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/novo-yakisoba-renata-express-7549/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323063314/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/novo-yakisoba-renata-express-7549/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=vbfTh0.TBCRuVFHXiY9w_IkssywZpJimjQ.3WOK5f2E-1742711594-1.0.1.1-V3cD.85bR8XYCfQgRqGe09LnxzkdF33KwVpgpQKjvAM |archive-date=23 March 2025}} instant noodles,{{cite news |date=19 November 2015 |title=Selmi Lança Renata Express Mais |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/nova-aposta-35114/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323044711/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/nova-aposta-35114/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=sp5OgStBmCyQtikISEsJShHdAejhy7R2vuivZWLsaFA-1742705231-1.0.1.1-089gOZX1IhoWNoWFVSw3Mf.3cet50JdRT7DmbvW69Uw |archive-date=23 March 2025}} crystal biscuits,{{cite news |date=7 June 2024 |title=Selmi amplia portfólio da marca Renata |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-amplia-portfolio-da-marca-renata/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025}} corn starch biscuits,{{cite news |date=22 March 2024 |title=Selmi lança o Biscoito Maizena original |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/parceria-com-a-unilever-74503/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323042314/https://gironews.com/web/20250323042314/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/parceria-com-a-unilever-74503/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} laminated biscuits, marie biscuits,{{cite news |date=4 May 2012 |title=Selmi Apresenta Novidades na APAS 2012 |url=https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-apresenta-novidades-na-apas-2012-14281/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323053158/https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-apresenta-novidades-na-apas-2012-14281/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=a_TYqkZWn3_Jy4ZttLa7kw6nB_1ZueDxryaA69S_kAk-1742707918-1.0.1.1-qfVQ64nNkCtM2qzSELUHBi5BR9mRmhelPv6YmRx3iIQ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} crackers,{{cite news |date=4 June 2012 |title=Selmi Portfólio Saboroso e Recheado de Novidades |url=https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-portfolio-saboroso-e-recheado-de-novidades-14622/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323052843/https://gironews.com/eventos-especiais/selmi-portfolio-saboroso-e-recheado-de-novidades-14622/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=o0G_ZiDwRGKTyF8tlIvzbqSVQIoPFO7AXuIewE5Tczs-1742707723-1.0.1.1-Y3V3dDgcqwd6gOUyaAaJ0s184lBTbiQNSLeUrAqZuFQ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} butter cookies, stuffed cookies,{{cite news |date=4 May 2018 |title=Produtos Divertix Miraculous são as Novidades da Selmi |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/renata-ganha-mais-itens-47745/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323044527/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/renata-ganha-mais-itens-47745/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=.zCGGRzOSSXsXk.kR7YqAiMhBnZOtEuRA.gbNhJeT6s-1742705127-1.0.1.1-z9mDDPT_q5AifBgEgz29WHHNhE3iLq1QCfM_Lb817x4 |archive-date=23 March 2025}} wafers,{{cite news |date=17 May 2011 |title=Selmi Expande Linha de Wafer Renata |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-expande-linha-de-wafer-renata-10236/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323054145/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-expande-linha-de-wafer-renata-10236/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=L01NccZ1F5zk4T0LQMBm3CTheUAaWsZl6n.QyErCmjM-1742708505-1.0.1.1-QMgena1bhANBeerDPmN4_WEH5UeppbRqVUv_BOrg0vM |archive-date=23 March 2025}} cake mix,{{cite news |date=10 November 2015 |title=Selmi Amplia Portfólio de Licenciados |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/mistura-para-bolo-34998/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323044903/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/mistura-para-bolo-34998/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=YZgvomHdHRWYXzOt6lST7g7s9F76vYjn76_jjq8FwzE-1742705343-1.0.1.1-j04wspqRygM_YdGRNwXQ1qa3eWcj5W064IXIPHl.Alw |archive-date=23 March 2025}} olive oil and wheat flour.{{cite news |date=13 December 2023 |title=Renata apresenta nova farinha de trigo Dia a Dia |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-amplia-portfolio-73626/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323060606/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/selmi-amplia-portfolio-73626/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=zzzGChbydyVYW7CqdNIVWLECLpgN.Nww5dx8WbAshQE-1742709966-1.0.1.1-XwM6WJrKtKobhU5WN9YE_PQ4EqgoQjDTv0kJlS4B0Q4 |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Their biscuits are made with insects instead of fruits.{{cite news |last=Nogueira |first=Marcos |date=3 May 2022 |title=Biscoito recheado de morango não tem morango, mas tem insetos na receita |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/blogs/cozinha-bruta/2022/05/biscoito-recheado-de-morango-nao-tem-morango-mas-tem-insetos-na-receita.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323013428/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/blogs/cozinha-bruta/2022/05/biscoito-recheado-de-morango-nao-tem-morango-mas-tem-insetos-na-receita.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2025}} The product is known for their advertisement at TV Globo.{{cite journal |last1=Faria |first1=Ewerton Mauro Visotto |last2=Filho |first2=Gino Giacomini |year=2011 |title=Comunicação especializada e a estratégia de preço baixo. |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/267967515.pdf |access-date=23 March 2025 |journal=Thesis |language=pt-BR |publisher=Confederación Iberoamericana de Asociaciones Científicas y Académicas de la Comunicación}}
Renata has their own volleyball team, Vôlei Renata,{{cite news |date=20 January 2025 |title=Selmi destaca marca Renata em campanha na Praia do Leme (RJ) |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-destaca-marca-renata-em-campanha-na-praia-do-leme-rj/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323040926/https://gironews.com/web/20250323040926/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-destaca-marca-renata-em-campanha-na-praia-do-leme-rj/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and has partnerships with influencers, such as Sandra Matarazzo and Arno van Enck.{{cite news |last=Pinho |first=Flávia G. |date=22 October 2024 |title=Com 13 categorias, Top Alimentação rende 3 prêmios à Nestlé |url=https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2024/10/com-13-categorias-top-alimentacao-rende-3-premios-a-nestle.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321032728/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2024/10/com-13-categorias-top-alimentacao-rende-3-premios-a-nestle.shtml |archive-date=21 March 2025}} Renata also made an partnership with Cartoon Network, with characters from Adventure Time, Powerpuff Girls and Ben 10 appearing in their packing. Other characters that appeared on Renata packing are Baby Shark{{cite news |date=15 September 2023 |title=Baby Shark estampa a linha Renata Divertix |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/foco-no-publico-infantil-72833/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323060935/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/foco-no-publico-infantil-72833/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=bO5uq1cjKNRlfZHLWkp1NcuNCdTM6RUT4eSjNs1gwKE-1742710175-1.0.1.1-7cEvzxIwdNFyyfD9vgQU3.h0CcCRr09bQie7kJasY2A |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and the members of the Justice League.{{cite news |date=21 October 2022 |title=Liga da Justiça estampa linha Renata Divertix |url=https://gironews.com/embalagem/macarrao-instantaneo-69933/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323061249/https://gironews.com/embalagem/macarrao-instantaneo-69933/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=n1V8ZU8Am6vje8A61tlojxLQzRGWuPvt_w1qYc2dE5I-1742710369-1.0.1.1-9byH9Tulq97xVTtAxdEptXwBTv97Ifh9psJMd3jzZZM |archive-date=23 March 2025}} Other notorious marketing caimpaigns from Renata were "Faro de Gol", during 2014 World Cup,{{cite news |date=18 June 2014 |title=Selmi Promove Produtos Durante a Copa |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-promove-produtos-durante-a-copa-25405/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323050139/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-promove-produtos-durante-a-copa-25405/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=GbHZMrnsgyuGEcr4dki6ogSzVZuER4kTTt7Hl91TcPg-1742706099-1.0.1.1-iMd_YebAZ4eVoTV7JES48IH0jypRd0.Za_nVy7gkvzk |archive-date=23 March 2025}} and their partnership with CNA Idiomas.{{cite news |date=4 October 2013 |title=Selmi dá Curso de Inglês em Nova Campanha |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-da-curso-de-ingles-em-nova-campanha-22257/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323051642/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-da-curso-de-ingles-em-nova-campanha-22257/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=KELajRNSzqWezggv3RJ7xoo4fZj3HKt4PWj7lWNxwHk-1742707002-1.0.1.1-tPcNPZ._rHCMPUae7ATufrUz70yEt9u6F0fih_roZto |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
= Todeschini =
The Todeschini pasta and biscuits brand was produced by Todeschini Alimentos since 1885. In the 2000's, the company was near bankruptcy and licensed their products for Selmi in 2014. In 2021, Selmi bought the brand, and in December 2022 Todeschini Alimentos closed their operations.{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Lenita |date=19 March 2025 |title=Falência, ruína e venda à rival: Fim de fábrica alimentícia, n°1, desaba Curitiba, PR, após 100 anos |url=https://www.otvfoco.com.br/falencia-fim-fabrica-alimenticia-desaba-curitiba-pr/ |publisher=TV Foco |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323022146/https://www.otvfoco.com.br/falencia-fim-fabrica-alimenticia-desaba-curitiba-pr/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
According to the company, Todeschini has more competitive prices when compared to Galo and Renata.{{cite news |date=29 March 2021 |title=Selmi Levará Todeschini a Todo Brasil |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/sem-barreiras-regionais-63068/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323043008/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/sem-barreiras-regionais-63068/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}} The brand was reshaped after the acquisition.{{cite news |date=4 March 2021 |title=Com Transação, Marca Passa por Reestruturação |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-adquire-todeschini-62750/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323061554/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/selmi-adquire-todeschini-62750/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=IZtHRlr7ezCIFCmW.JynAbXUnnhAj.RIeGBVO0jQ.eE-1742710554-1.0.1.1-YadgeKSaKgbLMmKwp0b6hbhofz1iIfG2fJ1GmztFR9s |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
= Knorr =
In 22 August 2018 Knorr joined the pasta segment when the Administrative Council for Economic Defense approved the company partnership between Unilever and Selmi, where the later became the pasta producer for the brand.{{cite news |date=22 October 2018 |title=Cade aprova acordo entre Unilever e brasileira Selmi |url=https://forbes.com.br/last/2018/10/cade-aprova-acordo-entre-unilever-e-brasileira-selmi/ |publisher=Forbes |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323021456/https://forbes.com.br/last/2018/10/cade-aprova-acordo-entre-unilever-e-brasileira-selmi/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=16 November 2018 |title=Knorr Ingressa na Categoria de Massas |url=https://gironews.com/lancamentos/mercado-al-dente-51016/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323062511/https://gironews.com/lancamentos/mercado-al-dente-51016/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=RQNXoRYk06ZZ4EWkmFAwjkSaq4SjCI98CwtFd2osAE8-1742711111-1.0.1.1-PNb3Yq5BXFu4p6fxZA9lExWO0JAdA6yIewXmcijWL0Q |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
= Barilla =
Selmi is one of the companies that distributes the Barilla pasta.{{cite news |date=6 May 2015 |title=Barilla Contrata Orquídea Para Seguir Produção |url=https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/semola-com-ovos-31500/ |publisher=Giro News |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323062927/https://gironews.com/informacoes-de-fornecedores/semola-com-ovos-31500/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BsTeUsMfC9wt8EYgyPTRLbNMvlQN3b0UysKaRu2NnfA-1742711367-1.0.1.1-PHJNv39rVD6Irsx8BCxV5FBgHxwNGNn7LGG_8AptGKk |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Controversies
= Quality control =
In 2014, the Institute for Consumers Defense published a report analyzing the nutritional values from 291 products.{{cite news |date=15 July 2014 |title=Produtos têm teor de sódio diferente das embalagens, mostra pesquisa |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/estado/2014/07/15/produtos-tem-teor-de-sodio-diferente-das-embalagens-mostra-pesquisa.htm |publisher=Universo Online |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323152619/https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/estado/2014/07/15/produtos-tem-teor-de-sodio-diferente-das-embalagens-mostra-pesquisa.htm |archive-date=23 March 2025}} Renata cake mix had a discrepancy in values, but according to Selmi, the product was tested as it was in the self, not after the cooking process.{{cite news |last=Formenti |first=Ligia |date=15 July 2014 |title=Associação dos fabricantes critica pesquisa do Idec |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/saude/associacao-dos-fabricantes-critica-pesquisa-do-idec/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323151932/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/empresa-disputa-mercados-com-vizinha-imp-/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2017, Proteste published a report about the quality of coffee and flour from famous Brazilian brands. The report found 33 pieces of insects inside of Renata flour.{{cite news |last=Felix |first=Marina |date=17 August 2017 |title=Teste acha inseto em café Melitta e pelo de rato em farinha Sol |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/teste-acha-inseto-em-cafe-melitta-e-pelo-de-rato-em-farinha-sol/ |publisher=Veja |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323145119/https://veja.abril.com.br/saude/teste-acha-inseto-em-cafe-melitta-e-pelo-de-rato-em-farinha-sol/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
In 2024, the Institute for Consumers Defense published a report accusing Renata instant noodles of containing glyphosate, glufosinate, pirimiphos-methyl and piperonyl butoxide. Renata was in second place on the list of the "champions of venom".{{cite journal |year=2024 |title=Tem veneno nesse pacote
|url=https://idec.org.br/ferramenta/cartilha-tem-veneno-nesse-pacote-volume-3 |access-date=21 March 2025 |journal=Institute for Consumers Defense |volume=3 |language=pt-BR}} In response, Selmi affirmed that their products follow Anvisa rules for pesticides.{{cite news |last=Oliveira |first=Andreza de |date=21 May 2024 |title=Biscoito maisena, bolinho recheado e até alimentos 'plant based' têm traços de agrotóxicos, diz estudo |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2024/05/biscoito-maisena-bolinho-recheado-e-ate-alimentos-plant-based-tem-tracos-de-agrotoxicos-diz-estudo.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321034004/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/2024/05/biscoito-maisena-bolinho-recheado-e-ate-alimentos-plant-based-tem-tracos-de-agrotoxicos-diz-estudo.shtml |archive-date=21 March 2025}}
= Deforestation =
In 2024, Ricardo Selmi signed a Conduct Adjustment Term agreeing to pay R$ 6,765 million for the deforestation of 1,353 ha from a protected area at Fazenda Marília, on São Félix do Araguaia in 2002.{{cite news |last=Nobre |first=Cecília |date=13 January 2024 |title=Dono das empresas Renata e Galo pagará mais de R$6 milhões por desmatamento em MT |url=https://www.midiajur.com.br/justica/dono-das-empresas-renata-e-galo-pagara-mais-de-r6-milhoes-por-desmatamento-em-mt/54830 |publisher=Midia Jur |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323162042/https://www.midiajur.com.br/justica/dono-das-empresas-renata-e-galo-pagara-mais-de-r6-milhoes-por-desmatamento-em-mt/54830 |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
= Frozen assets =
In 2024, Belarmino da Ascenção Marta had R$ 56 million frozen from his assets for buying a bus company in 1990 and liquidating his assets, leaving behind a multimillionaire debt. His son, Belarmino da Ascenção Marta Filho, was a partner from Selmi since 2005, and the company lent money for Belarmino family and companies. In 2017, Belarmino Filho fought with Ricardo Selmi and was expelled, but the justice ordered other accounts linked to Belarmino family to be frozen, possibly affecting Selmi.{{cite news |last=Vassalo |first=Luiz |date=3 February 2024 |title=Bloqueio do “barão dos ônibus” pode atingir marca famosa de macarrão |url=https://www.metropoles.com/negocios/bloqueio-de-barao-do-onibus-pode-atingir-dona-do-macarrao-renata |publisher=Metrópoles |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323145810/https://www.metropoles.com/negocios/bloqueio-de-barao-do-onibus-pode-atingir-dona-do-macarrao-renata |archive-date=23 March 2025}}{{cite news |date=19 January 2017 |title=Sócios da indústria Selmi querem se desfazer de participação |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/coluna-do-broad/socios-da-industria-selmi-querem-se-desfazer-de-participacao/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323151129/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/coluna-do-broad/socios-da-industria-selmi-querem-se-desfazer-de-participacao/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
= Bill nº 4679/01 =
The Bill nº 4679/01, proposed by Aldo Rebelo (PCdoB-SP), proposed the obligatory addition of at least 10% of cassava flour, cassava zest flour or cassava starch flour into the national wheat flour products. Selmi protested, affirming that if the bill was accepted, the company would be obligated to import more wheat flour, thus making the final product more expensive.{{cite news |date=3 March 2012 |title=Indústrias desaprovam adição de farinha de mandioca ao trigo |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/industrias-desaprovam-adicao-de-farinha-de-mandioca-ao-trigo-2/ |publisher=O Estado de S. Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=23 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323155248/https://www.estadao.com.br/economia/industrias-desaprovam-adicao-de-farinha-de-mandioca-ao-trigo-2/ |archive-date=23 March 2025}}
Prizes
- Top Pasta (2024)
- Top Pasta (2023){{cite news |last=Pinho |first=Flávia G. |date=31 October 2023 |title=Sadia leva 3 prêmios e Vigor vence 2 no Top Alimentação |url=https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2023/10/sadia-leva-3-premios-e-vigor-vence-2-no-top-alimentacao.shtml |publisher=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321040743/https://top-of-mind.folha.uol.com.br/2023/10/sadia-leva-3-premios-e-vigor-vence-2-no-top-alimentacao.shtml |archive-date=21 March 2025}}
- Top Pasta (2022)
- Top Pasta (2021)
- Top Pasta (2020)
On popular culture
Galo Pasta is cited on the story "Geléia da Paixão", from the 1977 book O Homem Vermelho, written by Domingos Pellegrini.{{cite journal |last1=Araújo |first1=Lucas Vieira de |year=2008 |title=Os contos e o Regionalismo em Domingos Pellegrini |url=https://periodicos-old.ufpel.edu.br/ojs2/index.php/cadernodeletras/issue/viewIssue/482/12 |access-date=23 March 2025 |journal=Caderno de Letras |volume=14 |pages= 81-88 |language=pt-BR |publisher=Federal University of Pelotas |issn=0102-9576}}