Penha de França

File:Convento_da_Madre_de_Deus_-_Lisboa_-_Portugal_(43675795284).jpg.|170x170px]]

The Madre de Deus Convent was founded in 1509 by Queen Leonor of Viseu, wife of D. João II.

On the other hand, the Convent of Penha de França, founded in 1598, lends its name to this parish. Its territory originated from medieval parishes: Santo Estêvão de Alfama, Santa Justa, and Olivais, within Lisbon's jurisdiction. Perched at 110 meters above sea level, it offers sweeping city views. It also houses works by Portuguese painter {{ill|Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho|pt|Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho |lt=Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho}}, as well as being a resting place for many members of the Portuguese nobility, such as D. Inês de Távora, wife of Francisco de Távora.

File:Convento de Santos-o-Novo (Grande Panorama de Lisboa, MNAz).png

In 1609, another convent was built, Santos-o-Novo, near the banks of the river Tagus. The structure was erected where once stood the monastery dating from 1470, built under the reign of D. João II.{{Cite web |title=Convento de Santos-o-Novo |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/espaco/convento-de-santos-o-novo/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |title=Convento de Santos-o-Novo |url=https://www.quovadislisboa.com/pt/place/convento-de-santos-o-novo |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Quo Vadis Lisboa |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Convento de Santos-o-Novo |url=https://www.agendalx.pt/events/event/convento-de-santos-o-novo/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.agendalx.pt |language=pt-pt}}

File:BAR000306 - Convento das Comendadeiras de Santos-o-Novo.jpg

Penha de França's traditions include the "Procissão do Ferrolho" (lit. Bolt Procession) a nighttime event where doors were knocked with a ferrolho (latch) to awaken the devout.{{Cite web |title=História da Freguesia |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/mercado-de-sapadores}}

In the 16th century, residential areas emerged around the convents, the Royal Palace, and the Mitra Palace (in Beato). In the 17th century, development centered around the Church of Penha de França and the Convent (now the General Command of the PSP, - Polícia de Segurança Pública).

The 1755 earthquake led to the abandonment of many estates (Pina, Coxo, and Bacalhau, among others) and manors (Gadanho, Peixinhos, Alto da Eira, Santo António, and Machada) who were built in the area by Portuguese nobility.

File:Cemitério do Alto de São João 2017-08-26.png

Commissioned by Queen Maria II in 1833 following a cholera epidemic in Lisbon, the Alto de São João Cemetery served as the city's cemetery for over a century, honoring its most distinguished figures.

During the 19th century, factories sprang up in the valleys of Chelas and Xabregas, although the parish as a whole maintained a rustic character, especially in the areas far from the river. In fact, it remained a favored area for Lisbon residents to stroll, as described by Almeida Garrett in his 1846 work "{{ill|Viagens na Minha Terra|pt|Viagens na Minha Terra}}" (lit. Travels through my land).

In its current territory, spanning from the Tagus River to the Penha de França hill, there have been populated areas for centuries along the riverbanks near the convents of Madre de Deus and Santos-o-Novo and around the Penha de França hermitage, later becoming a convent with the same name (now the General Command of the PSP). Despite these settlements, until the late 19th to early 20th centuries, the area remained predominantly rural, situated on the outskirts of Lisbon, characterized by open fields, vegetable gardens, estates, summer residences, and monasteries.{{Cite web |title=História e Pontos de Interesse |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/freguesia/historia |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}

File:Xabregas1857.jpg

In 1854, the {{ill|Viaduto de Xabregas|pt|Viaduto de Xabregas}}, serving Linha do Norte—the most important railway line in Portugal—was built. The structure consists of two sections - one with stone arches and the other with metal beams. The metal section, built in 1854 and designed by John Sutherland and Valentine C. L., had a span of 15.60 meters, while the stone arch section is about 36 meters long. The metal beams were replaced in 1954.{{Cite web |title=Secretaria-Geral da Economia |url=https://www.sgeconomia.gov.pt/documento-do-mes-bahe-2020/marco.aspx |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.sgeconomia.gov.pt |language=PT}}File:Vista da penha de frança lisboa.jpgPortuguese Romantic artist Tomás da Anunciação painted {{ill|Vista da Penha de França|pt|Vista da Penha de França (Tomás da Anunciação)}}, a notable landscape painting of 1857 housed in the National Museum of Contemporary Art. The work contributed to Anunciação's appointment as a permanent professor. The painting depicts a rural view of mid-19th-century Lisbon, highlighting the old convent on the hill of Penha de França, framed by trees, oxen, and a peasant woman. It was part of the former National Museum of Fine Arts and Archaeology's collection since 1884.

In 1891 the former Caracol da Penha was renamed {{ill|Rua Marques da Silva|lt=Rua Marques da Silva|pt|Rua Marques da Silva}} to honor João Marques da Silva, a local merchant who contributed to its expansion. It is one of the oldest streets in the parish, having been known as Calçada da Penha de França since at least 1710.{{cite web|access-date=2023-09-04|date=2020-03-08|first=J. E. Fraga Aurélio (lisboa De|last=Antanho)|title=Lisboa de Antigamente: Nicho (Quinta) da Imagem, ao Caracol da Penha|url=https://lisboadeantigamente.blogspot.com/2020/03/nicho-quinta-da-imagem-ao-caracol-da.html|website=Lisboa de Antigamente}}

Vila Cândida, constituted of 140 apartments across 35 two-story buildings and constructed by Cândido Sotto Mayor, was built in 1912. The vila would be later be given by Elsa Sotto Mayor Matos to the dwellers in 1974, following the revolution.{{Cite web |title=Vila Cândida |url=https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395137892450/Dissertacao.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Cândido da Cunha Sotto Mayor |url=https://www.cepese.pt/portal/pt/populacao-e-sociedade/edicoes/populacao-e-sociedade-n-o-21/candido-da-cunha-sotto-mayor-emigrante-empresario-e-banqueiro-2013-um-ator-nas-relacoes-luso-brasileiras-1900-1935/candido-da-cunha-sotto-mayor-emigrante-empresario-e-banqueiro-2013-um-ator-nas-relacoes-luso-brasileiras-1900-1935/@@display-file/file/Ca%CC%82ndido%20da%20Cunha%20Sotto%20Mayor,%20emigrante,%20empresa%CC%81rio%20e%20banqueiro%20%E2%80%93%20um%20ator%20nas%20relac%CC%A7o%CC%83es%20luso-brasileiras%20(1900-1935).pdf}}

In 1916 the former "Travessa do Caracol da Penha" was renamed {{ill|Rua dos Heróis de Quionga|lt=Rua dos Heróis de Quionga|pt|Rua dos Heróis de Quionga}} (lit. Quionga heroes street) to commemorate the fighters who, during World War I, recaptured the {{ill|Quionga (Mozambique)|lt=Quionga|pt|Quionga}} post and the Quionga Triangle from the Germans at the mouth of the Rovuma River in Mozambique. In fact, during the war, around 7,500 Portuguese soldier died in the African front.{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=José Carlos |title=Portugal na Grande Guerra. Desnorte, doença e descalabro |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/portugal-na-grande-guerra-desnorte-doenca-e-descalabro/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}

On April 13, 1918, the freguesia of Penha de França was officially created, with areas ceded by the neighbouring parishes of Beato, Santa Engrácia, and São Jorge de Arroios. The name of the parish comes from its patron saint, Our Lady of Penha de França. On the first census, the parish (that at the time also comprised Alto da Pina, now part of Areeiro) had a population of 12,555 of whom 1.12% were foreigners, 51.75% were females and 52.97% were literate.{{Cite web |title=Censos1920_II.pdf |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=66632665&PUBLICACOESmodo=2&xlang=pt}}

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In the 1920s the neighbourhoods of Andrade, Inglaterra (lit. England) and Colónias (lit. colonies) were built. The "English neighbourhood's" name is due to it hosting many streets named after English cities such as Manchester, while the "Colonies' neighbourhood" is named after its streets, reminding names of former Portuguese colonies, such as Timor. On the other hand, Andrade is a Portuguese surname and the neighbourhood owes its name to the family of the entrepreneur who urbanised that part of the city, naming the streets after his wife and daughters.{{Cite web |title=A encosta nos séculos XIX e XX |url=https://www.caracoldapenha.info/blank-3 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Jardim do Caracol |language=en}}

The first crematorium in Portugal was built in the parish and opened in 1925; it closed in 1936 due to political pressures. The crematorium, in the Alto de São João Cemetery, was reopened in 1985.{{Cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Lina |date=2001-11-02 |title=Número de cremações em Portugal continua a crescer |url=https://www.publico.pt/2001/11/02/jornal/numero-de-cremacoes-em-portugal-continua-a-crescer-163676 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} Many people have been cremated here in the years since, including Nobel Literature laureate José Saramago, Álvaro Cunhal and {{ill|Sónia Neves|lt=Sónia Neves|pt|Sónia Neves}}.

Since 1929 an EPAL warehouse has been present in the Miradouro da Penha de França.{{Cite web |last=Moreira |first=Cristiana Faria |date=2022-11-28 |title=Vai ser possível percorrer mais galerias do Aqueduto das Águas Livres |url=https://www.publico.pt/2022/11/28/local/noticia/vai-possivel-percorrer-galerias-aqueduto-aguas-livres-2029518 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2022-12-05 |title="A Água que abraça Lisboa". Dez projetos da EPAL com impacto na capital |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/a-agua-que-abraca-lisboa-dez-projetos-da-epal-com-impacto-na-capital_a1451531 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website="A Água que abraça Lisboa". Dez projetos da EPAL com impacto na capital |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2018-08-23 |title='A cremação é uma tendência crescente em Portugal' |url=https://sol.sapo.pt/2018/08/23/a-cremacao-e-uma-tendencia-crescente-em-portugal/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Jornal SOL |language=pt-PT}}File:VilaCandida.JPGIn 1930, the {{ill|Avenida General Roçadas|lt=Avenida General Roçadas|pt|Avenida General Roçadas}} was named after José Augusto Alves Roçadas, officer of the Portuguese Army and a colonial administrator. It is one of the main avenues of the parish and on its side is located one of the largest workers' villages in Lisbon: Vila Cândida, dating from the late 19th century.{{Cite web |title=Pátios e vilas de Lisboa, 1870-1930: a promoção privada do alojamento operário |url=http://analisesocial.ics.ul.pt/documentos/1223376980G9tRH8gg4Lc58CZ0.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Vila Cândida - Frame Colectivo |url=https://framecolectivo.com/pt/projectos/vila-candida/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=framecolectivo.com}}{{Cite web |title=Vila Cândida - Lisboa |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Figura-4-a-Vila-Candida-na-Penha-de-Franca-b-Bairro-Estrela-dOuro-na-Graca-c_fig4_330621020}} In the same year, the census of the population recorded 22,226 inhabitants in the parish, a +77.03% increase since 1920. Amongst residents, 1.27% were foreigners, 55.01% were females and 58.17% were literate.{{Cite web |title=Censos1930_I.pdf - pag.126 |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=72364315&PUBLICACOEStema=00&PUBLICACOESmodo=2}}

The parish continued to get more and more inhabitants, registering a demographic growth of 73% between 1930 and 1940. During this period, the {{ill|Avenida Afonso III|lt=Avenida Afonso III|pt|Avenida Afonso III}} (lit. Afonso III avenue) opened to the public in 1932.{{Cite web |date=2015-01-06 |title=No Dia de Reis, os Reis e as Rainhas na Toponímia de Lisboa |url=https://toponimialisboa.wordpress.com/2015/01/06/no-dia-de-reis-os-reis-e-as-rainhas-na-toponimia-de-lisboa/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Toponímia de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal - Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.ine.pt}}

In 1935 the Quartel da Penha de França was the site of an attempted revolt against Salazar's regime by the Movimento Nacional-Sindicalista, a fascist (as defined by Stanley G. Payne) movement. After the failed coup, the movement's leader Francisco Rolão Preto was exiled and fought in the Spanish Civil War on Francisco Franco's side.

According to the 1940 census, the parish had 38,455 inhabitants, a +73.02% increase since 1930. Amongst residents, 1.27% were foreigners, 52.48% were females and 67.42% were literate. Moreover, according to the census (the only one since 1900 inquiring about religion), 83.83% of the population was catholic (86.05% in Lisbon).{{Cite web |title=Censos1940_Lisboa.pdf - pag.32 |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=66774710&PUBLICACOEStema=00&PUBLICACOESmodo=2}} Interestingly, as of 2021 881 residential buildings (or 36.33% of the parish's total buildings used for residential purposes) were built between 1919 and 1945, coinciding with the demographic boom of this area of Lisbon.

File:Azulejo XXXVIII (4846212336).jpg

In 1943 the {{ill|Regimento de Artilharia Antiaérea N.º 1|lt=Regimento de Artilharia Antiaérea N.º 1|pt|Componente Fixa do Sistema de Forças (Exército Português)}} was created in the parish. It is the unit within the {{ill|Vista da Penha de França|lt=Componente Fixa do Sistema de Forças (CFSF)|pt|Componente Fixa do Sistema de Forças (Exército Português)}} with the mission of organizing, training, and maintaining the operational anti-aircraft artillery units of the Portuguese Army. It was later (1948) transferred to Queluz, where it has been hosted ever since, in barracks adjacent to the Palace of Queluz.{{Cite web |title=A ARTILHARIA ANTIAÉREA EM PORTUGAL |url=http://www.revista-artilharia.pt/admin/upload/ficheiros/ficheirosMultimedia/livroaaafastwebview.pdf}}

During 1948 the {{ill|Avenida Infante Dom Henrique (Lisbon)|lt=Avenida Infante Dom Henrique|pt|Avenida Infante Dom Henrique (Lisboa)}} (lit. Prince Henry the Navigator avenue) opened. It is the largest avenue in Lisbon, stretching for 12 km along the river and passing through 7 parishes, amongst which there is also Penha de França.

The 1950 census was the last before the 1959 division of the parish in three separate entities. According to the 1950 census, the parish of Penha de França had 48,035 inhabitants, a +24.91% increase since 1930. Amongst residents, 1.27% were foreigners, 53.16% were females and 72.88% were literate. Moreover, according to the census, 90.09% of the population was Catholic (compared with 93.14% in Lisbon as a whole), an increase since 1940. With a surface of little over 3 km² the population density of the parish stood at around 15,700 inhabitants per square kilometer, that is almost 20 times the population density recorded for Hong Kong in 1950.{{Cite web |title=Censos1950_I.pdf - pag.156 |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=72882109&PUBLICACOEStema=00&PUBLICACOESmodo=2}}{{Cite web |title=Hong Kong population |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/info/population/eng/pdf/chapter2_e.pdf}}

The parish was divided in 1959, creating the parishes of Alto do Pina and São João.

In 1960, {{ill|João Lopes Holtreman|lt=João Lopes Holtreman|pt|João Lopes Holtreman}} established his first business in the parish of Penha de França, opening the "Dois Mundos" bookshop. The parish has housed the National Museum of the Azulejo since 1965 in the Madre de Deus Convent.[http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1959/02/03200/01450157.pdf Decreto-Lei n.º 42 142], de 7 de fevereiro de 1959. Diário do Governo, I Série, n.º 32. Acedido a 10/12/2012. One of the last marriages celebrated in the church prior to its transformation into a museum was the one between businessman and billionaire Alexandre Soares dos Santos and Maria Teresa Canas Mendes da Silveira e Castro, in 1957.

File:Trams de Lisbonne, Tram 332.jpg

To answer to the call for more government-fund houses after a surge in shanty towns, two residential towers, known as Torres do Alto da Eira, were built in 1973. The two towers housed people coming from nearby slums that had emerged during the 60s.{{Cite web |title=Comissões de Moradores dos Bairros de Lata em Lisboa |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/comissoes-de-moradores-dos-bairros-de-lata-em-lisboa/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}} The towers were designed by architects Francisco Silva Dias and Antonieta Silva Dias, they house 370 people in 132 dwellings and are still owned by the municipality, the residents pay a controlled rent of €52.14 per month.{{Cite web |title=Torres do Alto da Eira |url=https://www.trienaldelisboa.com/ohl/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.trienaldelisboa.com |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |title=Alto da Eira |url=https://www.gebalis.pt/SiteCollectionDocuments/Moradores/Dados_Bairros/Oriental/Alto%20da%20Eira.pdf}}{{Citation |title=Torres do Alto da Eira | date=15 September 2020 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLMC2i9rFBA |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en}} Due to very poor maintenance, the two towers faced the risk of being demolished in 2008 but were later deemed to be recoverable: in 2012 the city council of Lisbon invested €4.5 million for the total rehabilitation of the dwellings and of the surrounding areas.{{Cite web |date=2012-09-26 |title=Visão {{!}} Lisboa: Câmara avança com recuperação das Torres do Alto da Eira no valor de 4,5ME |url=https://visao.pt/lusa/2012-09-26-lisboa-camara-avanca-com-recuperacao-das-torres-do-alto-da-eira-no-valor-de-45mef688344/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2012-09-27 |title=Câmara de Lisboa recupera Torres do Alto da Eira por 4,5 milhões |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/pais/12245/c%c3%a2mara-de-lisboa-recupera-torres-do-alto-da-eira-por-45-milh%c3%b5es |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}

File:Eime - VII (8007502965).jpg at the feet of Alto da Eira towers, 2012|170x170px]]

In 1975 a fire killed two people in the shanty town of Curraleira. Hosting a large Romani community and located on the eastern border of the parish (in the portion formerly part of São João), 69 shacks were also destroyed. In 2018 and 2023 two murals were painted to remember the accident. After the fire, no barracks were built in the area where the accident took place and a memorial cross was erected to honour the victim's memory. It was also in 1975 that some families built the Bairro do Horizonte, a self-built neighbourhood whose conditions were far better than the ones of those living in the sheds.{{Cite web |last=Lobo |first=Renata Lima |date=2023-05-10 |title=Nova pintura mural recupera a Curraleira no Horizonte |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/nova-pintura-mural-recupera-a-curraleira-no-horizonte-051023 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Time Out Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2018-01-25 |title=REPORTAGEM História e histórias da antiga Curraleira contadas em visita guiada por moradores |url=https://www.dn.pt/lusa/reportagem-historia-e-historias-da-antiga-curraleira-contadas-em-visita-guiada-por-moradores-9072927.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Incêndio na Curraleira |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/incendio-na-curraleira/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Curraleira |url=https://www.ulisboa.pt/sites/ulisboa.pt/files/public/curraleia_-_o_que_e_a_memoria_de_um_lugar_que_ja_nao_existe.pdf}}{{Citation |title="Costas da cidade" #2 - Incêndio, Cruz e Ocupações. | date=19 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBqpVwKyX_g |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Zarzycki |first=Lili |date=2021-01-06 |title=Pushed to the periphery: Lisbon's rehousing policies lose the life of the neighbourhoods they demolish |url=https://www.architectural-review.com/essays/city-portraits/pushed-to-the-periphery-lisbons-policies-of-demolition-and-rehousing |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Architectural Review |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Processo SAAL 1975 -1976: cronologia dos projectos e obras |url=https://www.cd25a.uc.pt/media/pdf/cronologiasaal.pdf}}{{Cite web |last1=Alves |first1=José Baptista |last2=AbrilAbril |date=2017-04-23 |title=Processo SAAL |url=https://www.abrilabril.pt/processo-saal |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=AbrilAbril |language=pt-pt}}

Tinturaria Portugália was the first of many industries to go bankrupt; it failed in 1976, following a period of political instability and the independence of the last Portuguese colonies (namely Angola and Mozambique). The company had been established in the late 19th century. All major industries would end up leaving Penha de França by 2000, due to bankruptcy or relocation outside the city's boundaries.{{Cite journal |last=de Lima |first=Marinús Pires |date=1977 |title=A acção operária na Lisnave: análise da evolução dos temas reivindicativos |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41008254 |journal=Análise Social |volume=13 |issue=52 |pages=829–899 |jstor=41008254 |issn=0003-2573}}{{Cite web |last=Ministros |first=Presidência Do Conselho De |date=1976-10-14 |title=Resolução DD1318, de 14 de Outubro |url=https://dre.tretas.org/dre/220445/resolucao-DD1318-de-14-de-outubro |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Diários da República |language=pt}}

In 1983 the {{ill|Rotunda das Olaias|lt=Rotunda das Olaias|pt|Rotunda das Olaias}} (lit. Olaias roundabout) opened. Further road construction resulted in the Viaduto de Santa Apolónia; this road opened in 1998 to better organise the traffic between the waterfront and the inner part of the parish, bridging the railway line "Linha do Norte".{{Cite web |title=Viaduto de Santa Apolónia |url=https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/1689244997255847/Relatorio68358ManuelOgandoFINAL.pdf}}

File:Barracas .jpg

To eradicate shacks and provide everyone with access to tap water, electricity and sanitation, from 1993 the PER (Programa Especial de Realojamento) was implemented. It was estimated that in 1993 almost 40,000 people lived in shanty towns in Lisbon (or 9.1% of the city population). Between 1993 and the early 2000s more than 32,000 families and more than 132,000 people were relocated across the whole country, almost 1,000 slums were destroyed across 28 municipalities and almost 35,000 government-funded dwellings were built.{{Cite web |title=Sobre o PER |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/per-30-anos/sobre-o-per |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=MUNICÍPIO de LISBOA |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=30 anos PER - Programa Especial de Realojamento |url=https://www.oeiras.pt/-/30-anos-per-programa-especial-de-realojamento |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=30 anos PER - Programa Especial de Realojamento |language=pt-PT}} In particular, in Lisbon more than 9,000 public dwellings were built totaling an investment of over €600 million.{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=30 anos de PER: o programa que acabou com mais de 10 mil barracas de Lisboa |url=https://www.dn.pt/local/30-anos-de-per-o-programa-que-acabou-com-mais-de-10-mil-barracas-de-lisboa-16016778.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}} Penha de França received significant investment from the PER and it is estimated that the two neighbourhoods of Quinta do Lavrado and Bairro do Vale de Santo António, built between 2000 and 2001, house around 3,000 people, or more than 10% of the total population of the parish. In Penha de França 1,511 families were identified living in shacks in 1993: by 2001 the overwhelming majority had been relocated to public housing. By 2013 only 30 families were recorded as living in shacks in the areas designated as shanty towns twenty years earlier.{{Cite web |title=Quadro resumo de alojamentos e agregados por resolver no PER |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/cidade_temas/habitacao/relatorio_realojamento/relatorio_programas_realojamento_anexo_XIV.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=PER |url=https://expertsproject.ics.ulisboa.pt/}}

Starting from 2000 around 860 families were relocated in the newly built neighbourhood of Bairro do Vale de Santo António (lit. Saint Anthony valley neighbourhood) from the shanty towns of Quinta dos Peixinhos, Calçada dos Barbadinhos, Quinta do Gadanho, Vale Escuro, Quinta Júlio Moreira and Alto da Eira. The complex was finished in 2000 and comprises 58 buildings hosting 744 dwellings. There are 2,083 estimated dwellers, with each family paying a controlled rent of €95.71 per month.{{Cite web |title=população residente em bairros sociais em Lisboa |url=https://lxhabidata.iscte-iul.pt/pt/data/#Gebalis_2/Mapas_Edifcios}} The shanty towns were completely demolished shortly after the relocation was completed. There were also cases of families relocated elsewhere, such as people from Quinta dos Peixinhos being given a home in Algueirão-Mem Martins.{{Cite web |title=Oriental |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/per-30-anos/bairros/oriental |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=MUNICÍPIO de LISBOA |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Gebalis |url=https://www.gebalis.pt/SiteCollectionDocuments/Moradores/Dados_Bairros/Oriental/Vale%20de%20Santo%20Antonio.pdf}}{{Cite web |last=Martins |first=Rui |date=2023-08-18 |title=As quintas do Vale do Areeiro, memórias de uma Lisboa antiga |url=http://amensagem.pt/2023/08/18/quintas-vale-do-areeiro-memorias-lisboa-antiga/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Mensagem de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Algueirão-Mem Martins |url=https://www.gebalis.pt/SiteCollectionDocuments/Moradores/Dados_Bairros/Sul/Algueir%C3%A3o.pdf}}

File:Bairro da Curraleira. Ortofotografia 1995.jpg

In November 2001 {{ill|Curraleira|lt=Curraleira|pt|Curraleira}} neighbourhood was demolished. It was a shanty town hosting around 560 families until the late 1990s whose first inhabitants arrived in the 1930s but which experienced significant growth only after 1960, when a source of drinking water was installed in the neighbourhood.{{Cite web |last=Cardoso |first=Margarida David |date=2018-01-28 |title=Curraleira: o que é a memória de um lugar que já não existe? |url=https://www.publico.pt/2018/01/28/local/noticia/bairro-da-curraleira-o-que-e-a-memoria-de-um-lugar-que-ja-nao-existe-1800966 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Janeiro 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/Penha_69.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=LISBOA: o direito à cidade – Parte II |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/lisboa-o-direito-a-cidade-parte-ii/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=PLANO DE URBANIZAÇÃO DO VALE DE CHELAS |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/cidade_temas/urbanismo/planos_urbanizacao/pu_vale_chelas/pu_vale_chelas_monitorizacao_doc_preliminar.pdf}}{{Cite web |date=2001-11-07 |title=Últimas barracas da Curraleira vão hoje abaixo |url=https://www.publico.pt/2001/11/07/local/noticia/ultimas-barracas-da-curraleira-vao-hoje-abaixo-48637 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} According to 1992 estimates, there were still 2,500 people living in the shanty town, occupying around 800 sheds. The slum suffered from lack of most basic amenities such as tap water or access to electricity and many children were not enrolled in any educational system. There was also a dependency on social assistance, often insufficient for basic needs.{{Cite web |date=2020-10-31 |title=Irmã Ángela, uma vida ao lado dos "leprosos dos nossos dias" |url=https://www.dn.pt/especiais/por-quem-precisa/irma-angela-uma-vida-ao-lado-dos-leprosos-dos-nossos-dias--12983314.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Droga no bairro da Curraleira |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/droga-no-bairro-da-curraleira/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Citation |title="Costas da cidade" #1 - A entrada da Curraleira | date=19 February 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReigRYi4Dzs |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=en}}{{Cite journal |last1=Cardoso |first1=Ana |last2=Perista |first2=Heloísa |date= March 1994|title=A cidade esquecida: pobreza em bairros degradados de Lisboa |url=https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/1020 |journal=Sociologia (Lisboa)|issn=0873-6529}} The shanty was also a major hub for drug smuggling in Lisbon, a city dealing with a surge in heroin and cocaine consumption.{{Cite news |title=De sala para uso de drogas a 'tolerância zero': como cidades lidaram com 'cracolândias' pelo mundo |language=pt-BR |work=BBC News Brasil |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/internacional-61678558 |access-date=2023-12-29}}{{Cite web |title=Paulo Portas na Curraleira |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/paulo-portas-na-curraleira/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Apreensão de droga em Lisboa |url=https://arquivos.rtp.pt/conteudos/apreensao-de-droga-em-lisboa/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}} Comprising makeshift dwellings of wood, zinc, and masonry, lacking basic amenities, the area was classified as Priority Neighborhoods and Intervention Areas by the Lisbon City Council and were part of the EU's USER program for urban regeneration. A fire in July 2001 destroyed four shacks and underlined the importance of an immediate relocation of the residents.{{Cite web |date=2001-07-15 |title=Incêndio na Curraleira destrói quatro barracas |url=https://www.publico.pt/2001/07/15/local/noticia/incendio-na-curraleira-destroi-quatro-barracas-31599 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}} Most families were relocated to public housing projects nearby, notably the neighbourhood of Quinta do Lavrado composed of 263 apartments over 10 buildings, completed in 2001. Many of the apartments are reportedly overcrowded, hosting around 1,000 people as of 2023.{{Cite web |last=Renascença |date=2023-05-27 |title=Obras na Quinta do Lavrado arrancam em 2024, projeto sénior aguarda resposta da CML - Renascença |url=https://rr.sapo.pt/noticia/pais/2023/05/27/obras-na-quinta-do-lavrado-arrancam-em-2024-projeto-senior-aguarda-resposta-da-cml/333047/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Rádio Renascença |language=pt-pt}} Some residents were also relocated to social housing in Picheleira{{Cite web |last=Amaro |first=José Bento |date=2010-04-16 |title=A Curraleira mudou de nome, mas as pessoas não mudaram de vida |url=https://www.publico.pt/2010/04/17/jornal/a-curraleira-mudou--de-nome-mas-as-pessoas-nao-mudaram-de-vida-19210436 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Reportagem TSF. Encurralada entre ETAR a céu aberto e estrada sem saída, a Curraleira não se revê na luz de Lisboa |url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/sociedade/reportagem-tsf-encurralada-entre-etar-a-ceu-aberto-e-estrada-sem-saida-a-curraleira-nao-se-reve-na-luz-de-lisboa-17157339.html |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=TSF Rádio Notícias |language=pt-PT}} Starting from 2018, many charitable foundations as well as associations established by local inhabitants (e.g. Geração com Futuro) has sponsored the renewal of the neighbourhood, trying to separate the name from the social stigma it carried in the 1990s.{{Cite web |last=Reis |first=Catarina |date=2023-03-28 |title=O novo mural de Lisboa, onde Mariana e vizinhos gravaram a memória da Curraleira para ver renascer o Bairro Horizonte 🎧 |url=http://amensagem.pt/2023/03/28/mural-onde-mariana-e-vizinhos-gravaram-memoria-curraleira-para-fazer-renascer-bairro-horizonte/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Mensagem de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Reis |first=Catarina |date=2021-04-17 |title=Heróis da cidade. Orientavam os putos do bairro, agora salvam famílias da fome |url=http://amensagem.pt/2021/04/17/bairros-sociais-fome-salvar-associacoes/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Mensagem de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Horta Comunitária da Curraleira – upfarming |url=https://upfarming.org/pt-pt/projects/horta-comunitaria-da-curraleira/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=upfarming.org}}{{Cite web |last=IDS |date=2018-06-18 |title=Circuito de arte urbana da Curraleira {{!}} IDS |url=https://ids.edu.pt/circuito-de-arte-urbana-da-curraleira/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=As Costas da Cidade |url=https://www.agendalx.pt/events/event/as-costas-da-cidade/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.agendalx.pt |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |last=SAPO |title=Curraleira: os moradores contam o que foi e o que resta do antigo bairro de lata lisboeta |url=https://24.sapo.pt/vida/artigos/curraleira-os-moradores-contam-o-que-foi-e-o-que-resta-do-antigo-bairro-de-lata-lisboeta |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=SAPO 24 |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=mgoncalves |date=2018-01-16 |title=Paredes que falam |url=https://gulbenkian.pt/noticias/paredes-que-falam/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian |language=pt-pt}}

File:LSB-sjoao.png

In 2009, to celebrate the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, 27 trees were planted in a roundabout in the parish, symbolizing the then 27 EU countries.{{Cite web |title=Lisboa: câmara vai plantar 27 árvores |url=https://tvi.iol.pt/noticias/sociedade/tratado-de-lisboa/lisboa-camara-vai-plantar-27-arvores |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=TVI Notícias |language=pt}}

With an administrative reform in 2012, the parish of São João merged into Penha de França. The parish nearly quadrupled its area and more than doubled its population; the change also brought into Penha de França a small strip of land previously belonging to the parish of Beato.{{cite web |author=Diário de Notícias newspaper |title=List of new parishes |url=https://www.dn.pt/DNMultimedia/DOCS+PDFS/listafreguesias.pdf |access-date=27 October 2013 |language=pt |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211175710/https://www.dn.pt/DNMultimedia/DOCS+PDFS/listafreguesias.pdf |url-status=dead }}

The dovecotes of the ancient Curraleira neighbourhood, which had been used to train carrier pigeons, were demolished in 2014 to build an electricity substation in Alto de São João.{{Cite web |date=2010-04-20 |title=Quinta da Curraleira |url=https://lugardoreal.com/video/quinta-da-curraleira |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=lugardoreal.com |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Subestação EDP/REN no Alto de São João |url=https://www.jornalmapa.pt/2014/12/02/subestacao-edpren-no-alto-de-sao-joao/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Moradores receiam impactos na saúde com a futura subestação eléctrica |url=https://www.am-lisboa.pt/101000/1/001178,102014/index.htm}}{{Cite web |title=Quinta da curraleira (Tiago Hespanha) - the media library |url=https://www.ateliersvaran.com/en/cinematheque/quinta-da-curraleira-vo_132 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=www.ateliersvaran.com}}

New spaces were added to Penha de França library during 2018, so that it had more than 5000 books open to public consultation.{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca da Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/biblioteca-da-penha-de-franca}}{{Cite web |title=Novo espaço na biblioteca da Penha de França |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/noticias/306-novo-espaco-na-biblioteca-da-penha-de-franca |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}} During 2019, the new bus line 37B began its circulation in the parish, connecting it to neighbouring Beato. A "Street fest festival" was hosted in Alameda for a total of nine days.{{Cite web |last=online |first=Publicado por transportes |title=Carris: nova carreira 37B |url=https://www.transportes-online.info/2019/05/carris-nova-carreira-37b.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=As carrinhas de street food invadem a Alameda em julho |url=https://www.nit.pt/comida/street-fest-esta-de-volta-em-julho-e-desta-vez-na-alameda |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=NiT |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Real |first=Francisca Dias |date=2019-09-17 |title=Street Fest enche a Alameda este fim-de-semana com música e street food |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/street-fest-enche-a-alameda-este-fim-de-semana-com-musica-e-street-food-091719 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Time Out Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Real |first=Francisca Dias |date=2019-10-27 |title=No Halloween, há três dias de street fest na Alameda |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/no-halloween-ha-tres-dias-de-street-fest-na-alameda-102719 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Time Out Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}

In 2020 {{ill|42 Lisboa|lt=42 Lisboa|pt|42 Lisboa}} opened in the parish, the first facility offering higher education within the parish. It is an innovative school part of a wider international network and, although private, is entirely funded by sponsors as no fees are charged to students.{{Cite web |last=ECO |date=2020-07-28 |title=Uma escola sem professores nem horários. Chegou a Portugal a Escola 42 |url=https://eco.sapo.pt/2020/07/28/uma-escola-sem-professores-nem-horarios-chegou-a-portugal-a-escola-42/ |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=ECO |language=pt-PT}}

Additional parking places were built to address demand: 160 places in Mouzinho Albuquerque avenue, more in the renovation and complete refurbishment of EB Arquitecto Victor Palla.{{Cite web |title=Mais 160 lugares de estacionamento na Avenida Mouzinho de Albuquerque |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/noticias/126-mais-160-lugares-de-estacionamento-na-avenida-mouzinho-de-albuquerque |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}{{Citation |title=Obras de requalificação dão início na Escola Básica Arquiteto Victor Palla em Lisboa | date=2 February 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSt1jbnla8I |access-date=2024-02-19 |language=en}} A new parking lot for 125 vehicles was opened in 2022.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Fevreiro 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-82-fevereiro.pdf}}

File:Azulejo December 2012-3.jpg

The parish of Penha de França hosted the 2022 celebration by the Filipino community, commemorating its independence from Spain.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Julho 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-75-julho.pdf}} The "biggest street art work" in Portugal was created in July 2022, decorating 3.8 km of the wall separating the bike lane in Avenida Infante D.Henrique from the port of Lisbon.{{Cite web |last=Moura |first=Vera |date=2022-04-27 |title=Chamada a voluntários: há um mural para pintar entre Santa Apolónia e Braço de Prata |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/chamada-a-voluntarios-ha-um-mural-para-pintar-entre-santa-apolonia-e-braco-de-prata-042722 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Time Out Lisboa |language=pt-PT}} The parish hosted the Regador Festival in 2023, aimed at increasing green spaces in the area;{{Cite web |last=Magalhães |first=Beatriz |date=2023-05-09 |title=Primeira edição do Festival Regador chega à Penha de França este fim-de-semana |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/primeira-edicao-do-festival-regador-chega-a-penha-de-franca-este-fim-de-semana-050923 |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=Time Out Lisboa |language=pt-PT}} the new garden of Caracol da Penha opened in the same year.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Agosto 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-88-agosto.pdf}} During August 2023, 170 volunteers were mobilised in the parish to help the pilgrims hosted in local institutions for the JMJ (World Youth Day 2023).{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Setembro 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-89-setembro.pdf}}

A new public health centre, Unidade de Saude de Sapadores-Graça, is expected to open in 2024. It is planned to serve around 15,000 people.{{Cite web |title=Obra - US Sapadores Graça |url=https://www.lisboaocidentalsru.pt/sapadores-graca |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Lisboa Ocidental SRU |language=pt}}

File:Penha de França (Lisboa) 2011-2012.svg

The resident population recorded according to censuses carried over the years is shown in the following tables for both parishes that today constitute Penha de França. The ancient parish of Penha de França lost 15,640 people from 1960 to 2011 or 55.03% of its 1960 population, not having recorded a single population gain since 1960. Similarly, the ancient parish of São João lost 17,279 people or 53.22% of its population from 1960 to 2011, with major population losses recorded in the 1990s (-22.3%).

The 2021 Portuguese census recorded the first demographic growth of the parish since 1960. From 2011 to 2021, the parish gained 508 people, recording a growth of +1.82%.

The last censuses show that the parish's population is ageing at a fast pace: in 2021, 19.91% of the population was below 25 and, at the same time, almost a quarter (23.12%) of the residents were 65 or older.

{{Pie chart

|thumb=right

|caption=Religion in Penha de França (Census 2021){{cite web|url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN|title=Census - Final results: Portugal - 2021|access-date=2022-11-23|publisher=Statistics Portugal}}

|label1 = Catholicism

|value1 = 58.13

|color1 = Pink

|label2 = Protestantism

|value2 = 2.77

|color2 = Purple

|label3 = Jehovah's Witnesses and Other Christian

|value3 = 2.44

|color3 = DarkOrchid

|label4 = Orthodoxy

|value4 = 1.36

|color4 = Fuchsia

|label5 = Islam

|value5 = 2.78

|color5 = Green

|label6 = Hinduism

|value6 = 2.00

|color6 = Orange

|label7 = Buddhism

|value7 = 0.77

|color7 = Yellow

|label8 = Judaism

|value8 = 0.08

|color8 = DarkBlue

|label9 =Other religions

|value9=0.75

|color9 = Honeydew

|label10=No religion

|value10=28.92

|color10=Grey

}}The parish is predominantly catholic and 64.71% of the population aged 15 or above are followers of a Christian or Jeovah's Witness denomination as of 2021.

Around 29% of the population does not practice a religion and is thus classed as non-religious.{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

The presence of minor religions such as Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism (5.55% of the population amongst the three) is probably{{cn|date=September 2024}} due to an increasing community of people coming from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh or Nepal.

The 2021 census showed 14.93% of the population of the parish was born outside Portugal. Amongst men, foreigners were 17.34% of the total. The number of resident foreigners in Penha de França was 4250, compared to 2522 resident foreigners (9.02% of the population) in 2011. Since the foreign population increased during the decade by 1728 people, compared to a 508 increase in general population over the same timespan, the total population would have decreased for the sixth census in a row were it not for the increase in immigration.{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011647 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

Considering the foreign-born population, 21.16% of the parish's population was born abroad as of 2021. The most common countries of birth were Brazil (1843 people), the Indian Subcontinent (1163 people) and PALOP countries (1053 people).{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011628 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}} Of the Portuguese nationals born abroad, the most common countries of birth were PALOP countries (807 people) and Brazil (523 people), all countries having ancient historical ties with Portugal as well as a rooted migration history towards the country, and who are, thus, more likely to have acquired Portuguese citizenship along the years.{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011629 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

There were 4564 people in the parish who had entered Portugal between 2010 and the 2021 census, constituting 16.03% of the population. Of those with recent migrant background, 11.3% were Portuguese nationals returning from a period of emigration abroad.{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011701 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

Amongst the Portuguese, 3,970 had already lived abroad as of 2021 (16.4% of the Portuguese population). The majority of those having lived in Angola and Mozambique (978 people) entered Portugal in the Seventies (637 people or 65.13%), following the independence of the two former colonies (so called retornados). Those coming from countries hosting large Portuguese emigrant communities such as France, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Luxembourg or Belgium (871 people) have mostly entered Portugal after 1991 (77.3%), probably due to the development of the Portuguese economy since its accession to the EU. Interestingly, 41% of the Portuguese nationals having lived in the UK and residing in the parish, has left the UK after 2016, (date of the Brexit referendum).{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011689 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

If the whole population (regardless of the nationality held) is taken into account, then 27.6% of the parish's population has already lived abroad for at least one year as of 2021, with Brazil, EU countries and Indian Subcontinent being the most commonly cited countries of previous residence.{{Cite web |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011630 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

In 2023 the parish started a new service consisting in phone assistance to migrants who do not yet speak Portuguese, offering them the possibility to ask for information in their own languages. In addition, free Portuguese language courses were also introduced in 2023.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Maio 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-85-maio.pdf}}

File:Convento santos-o-novo.jpg

According to the last census (2021) the proportion of people in Penha de França aged 15–24 who had completed the erceiro ciclo do ensino básico (schooling up to age 14) and who were not currently enrolled in the educational system was 43.91%. This is considerably higher than in Lisbon as a whole (35.06%).{{Cite web |title=Proporção da população residente com idade entre 18 e 24 anos com o 3º ciclo do ensino básico completo que não está a frequentar o sistema de ensino (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011657}}

In the same year, in the parish there were still 550 illiterate residents, of whom 68% were females. The proportion of residents who lacks basic literary skills has been steadily decreasing and as of 2021 stood at 2.08%; for comparison, it stood at 3.19% 10 years earlier (2011 census). The decrease in the number of illiterate people is probably due to the progressive ageing and subsequent death of the older generations, that in Portugal form the overwhelming majority of illiterates.{{Cite web |title=Taxa de analfabetismo (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011606}}{{Cite web |title=População residente com 10 e mais anos de idade (analfabetos) (N.º) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011607}}{{Cite web |last=Silva |first=Joana Ascensão, Rui Duarte |title="Eu não quero morrer analfabeta" |url=https://multimedia.expresso.pt/analfabetismo/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=multimedia.expresso.pt |language=en}}

In fact, the educational attainment of the resident population increases in younger generations. Of those aged 15 or more not having a qualification – meaning that they did not complete even basic schooling up to age 9 or primeiro ciclo - 571 (or 44.3% of the total) were older than 65; amongst those aged 15–34 the people in the same category were 261 or 20.9% of the total of those holding no qualifications. The proportion of those not holding any qualification (5.07%) or having completed schooling only up to 14 (36.55%) were markedly lower for those aged 15–34 (respectively 3.49% and 21.3%) than for those 65 or older (respectively 8.67% and 68.22%).{{Cite web |title=População residente com 15 e mais anos de idade (N.º) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Sexo, Grupo etário, Condição perante o trabalho e Nível de escolaridade mais elevado completo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011697}} Regardless of age, the proportion of those having completed education at least up to 14 years old stood at 73.93% for Penha de França parish, lower than the value recorded for Lisbon (77.21%).{{Cite web |title=Proporção da população residente com pelo menos o 3º ciclo do ensino básico completo (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011648}} The proportion of those having studied up to 17 years old - thus completing the secondary school - stood at 59.53% regardless of age, an increase of 17 percentage points from 2011 data.{{Cite web |title=Proporção da população residente com pelo menos o ensino secundário completo (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011660}} The improvement in education attainment indicators for the populations also means that the proportion of those who have not completed any educational step has decreased to 5.07% regardless of age (Lisbon as a whole: 4.24%).{{Cite web |title=Proporção da população residente com 15 e mais anos de idade sem nenhum nível de escolaridade completo (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011656}}

File:A Traditional Portuguese House (Drawed on tiles) (3142491818).jpg

In the parish of Penha de França there are 1467 residents who, as of the 2021 census, were unemployed. Of these, 41.58% received a state-fund subsidy or pension (compared to 41.34% in the city of Lisbon).{{Cite web |title=População desempregada (N.º) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Sexo, Grupo etário e Fonte de rendimento |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011643}} The unemployment rate in the parish is considerably higher than the one recorded for Lisbon and for Portugal as a whole; unemployment in the parish stood at 10.19%, compared to 8.13% in Portugal as a whole. Statistics dealing with unemployment at the parish level are available only every 10 years, so the current unemployment rate in Penha de França is unknown.{{Cite web |title=Taxa de desemprego (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Sexo |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011661}}{{Cite web |title=Statistics Portugal - Web Portal |url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0010704&selTab=tab0 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.ine.pt}} Amongst youth aged 15–24 the unemployment rate in 2021 in the Parish stood at 20.84%; it was 9.24% for the entirety of Portugal.{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011667 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}

Turning to the working population, the 2021 census showed 12,926 residents were employed, of which 72.44% were employees and 12.32% were independent workers.{{Cite web |title=População empregada (N.º) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Sexo, Profissão e Situação na profissão |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011639}} Below is the table showing the employment rate per age group. The low share of people aged 20–24 employed is due to the fact that many are still in education (e.g. university) while the low proportion of those in employment aged 60–64 is due to many being early pensioners.{{Cite web |title=Taxa de emprego (%) por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Sexo e Grupo etário |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011690}}

Dealing with commuting, the average resident of Penha de França spent 25.16 minutes of daily commuting, 3 minutes more than the average inhabitant of Lisbon.{{Cite web |title=Duração média dos movimentos pendulares (min) da população residente empregada ou estudante por Local de residência à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011666}}

File:Lisbon Vertigo I (63568711).jpeg

Dealing with overcrowding in the parish's households, 12.74% of the population lives in accommodations where they have less than 15 m² per capita (8.71% for Lisbon and 5.65% in Portugal as a whole), while 29.73% live in houses with more than 40 m² per capita (39.64% for Lisbon and 46.84% in Portugal as a whole).{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011625 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}} There are 6,535.1 dwellings per km² (3,200.5 for Lisbon and 64.9 in Portugal as a whole).{{Cite web |title=Densidade de alojamentos (N.º/ km²) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011507}}

43.3% of the population lives in owned dwellings as of 2021; this is markedly lower than the values recorded both for Lisbon (50.3%) and for Portugal (70%).{{Cite web |title=Proporção de alojamentos familiares clássicos do próprio (%) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011513}} The average height of a residential building in Penha de França is 3.9 m as of 2021{{Cite web |title=Pisos por edifício (N.º) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011484}} and the average area of a dwelling stands at 75.12 m² (with the average in Lisbon-city 93.07 m² being and in Portugal 112.45 m²).{{Cite web |title=Superfície média útil (m²) dos alojamentos familiares clássicos de residência habitual por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011511}}

The average monthly rent value of leased dwellings recorded in 2021 stood at €442.56, 6.01% lower than the Lisbon average in the same year (€470.87).{{Cite web |title=Valor médio mensal das rendas dos alojamentos familiares clássicos arrendados (€) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011515}} It is nonetheless important to notice that the value of the rents is quite low because of many contracts stipulated decades ago, with 20.02% (25.34% in Lisbon) of the dwellers paying less than €150/month{{Cite web |title=Agregados domésticos privados (N.º) nos alojamentos familiares clássicos arrendados de residência habitual por Local de residência (à data dos Censos 2021), Grupo socioeconómico do titular do alojamento e Escalão do valor mensal da renda |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011543}} because of the rent-freezing system that was adopted in Portugal in the late twentieth century, allowing that many people, now mostly elderly, do not have to pay high rents.{{Cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Beatriz |title=Rendas mais antigas ficam congeladas de forma definitiva |url=https://observador.pt/2023/02/23/rendas-mais-antigas-ficam-congeladas-de-forma-definitiva/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Governo garante que rendas antigas vão ficar congeladas de forma definitiva |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/politica/detalhe/governo-garante-que-contratos-de-renda-antigos-vao-ficar-congelados-de-forma-definitiva |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.jornaldenegocios.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=118 anos de rendas congeladas |url=https://www.dn.pt/portugal/118-anos-de-rendas-congeladas-9403346.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}} Due to the housing crisis and inflation, in 2023 the average rent for new contracts stood at almost €13/m² in Penha de França; for the average 75.12 m² dwelling, rents were almost €1,000/month.{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Visão {{!}} Rendas em Lisboa aumentam 37% no espaço de um ano |url=https://visao.pt/imobiliario/2023-01-19-rendas-em-lisboa-aumentam-37-no-espaco-de-um-ano/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Raposo |first=Frederico |date=2023-02-24 |title=Em 2637 anúncios de casas, nenhum permite arrendar em Lisboa sem gastar mais de um terço do salário |url=http://amensagem.pt/2023/02/24/anuncios-casas-nenhum-permite-alugar-grande-lisboa-gastar-mais-um-terco-salario/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Mensagem de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=Rendas da habitação subiram 11% no segundo trimestre do ano |url=https://expresso.pt/economia/economia_imobiliario/2023-09-28-Rendas-da-habitacao-subiram-11-no-segundo-trimestre-do-ano-92d02015 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2023-01-19 |title=Arrendar casa em Lisboa é mais caro do que em Madrid e tão dispendioso como em Barcelona |url=https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/arrendar-casa-em-lisboa-e-mais-caro-do-que-em-madrid-e-tao-dispendioso-como-em-barcelona-15684272.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Veja aqui os preços das casas em todas as freguesias de Lisboa e do Porto: há aumentos de 30% |url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/casas/precos/precos-das-casas-sobem-10-em-lisboa-e-no-porto-mas-ha-subidas-de-30-em-algumas-freguesias/20230202/63dbe7860cf2665294d3c749 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=CNN Portugal |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2023-07-26 |title=Visão {{!}} Renda média em Lisboa dispara para valores acima dos 1.400 euros |url=https://visao.pt/imobiliario/2023-07-26-renda-media-em-lisboa-dispara-para-valores-acima-dos-1-400-euros/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}

File:Rua Cidade de Manchester - Lisboa - Portugal (51065544343).jpg

The median price per m² stood at €1364 for a house sold in early 2016, this value had risen to €2849/m² in early 2021 and to €3519 in 2023, a growth of 157.99% in just 7 years. In the same period the growth of house prices per m² in Lisbon as a whole was 117.6%, from €1875 to €4080/m².{{Cite web |title=Valor mediano das vendas por m2 por categoria do alojamento familiar |url=https://lxhabidata.iscte-iul.pt/pt/data/#INE_3/Cat_Mapas_C_V}}

Of the 2,425 residential buildings listed in the parish, 9.65% were built before 1919, 61.53% from 1919 to 1960, 19.92% from 1961 to 1990, 4.33% from 1990 to 2000 and 2.76% after 2001. Of the buildings built before 1919 82.05% had 1 to 3 floors, while in buildings built between 1981 and 2010 the proportion of buildings with 6 stories or more is 49.68%. These newer and higher buildings tend to have an elevator: only 3.41% of homes built before 1946 have access to an elevator, this percentage ascends to 66.98% for buildings built from 1981 to 2010.{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011481 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}} With regard to other amenities, 11.52% of the houses had access to air conditioning (20.98% in Lisbon), 62.92% to heating (69.62% in Lisbon) and 13.18% to a parking place (28.04% in Lisbon).{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011544 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}}{{Cite web |title=Alojamentos familiares clássicos de residência habitual (N.º) por Local de residência (à data dos Censos 2021) e Tipo de aquecimento utilizado com maior frequência |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011526}}{{Cite web |title=Alojamentos familiares clássicos de residência habitual (N.º) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Época de construção (antes 1919) |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011497}}

File:Junta de Freguesia de Penha de França - Lisboa - Portugal (49243859346).jpg

At the 2021 census there were 2867 vacant dwellings in the parish.{{Cite web |title=Alojamentos (N.º) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013) e Tipo de alojamento face à forma de ocupação e edifício |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011492}} Of the vacant dwellings, 1485 are vacant for rental or while being sold; 1382 are vacant for other reasons, some are abandoned, others await demolition, some are waiting resolution of conflict among heirs.{{Cite web |title=Alojamentos familiares clássicos (N.º) por Localização geográfica à data dos Censos [2021] (NUTS - 2013), Forma de ocupação e Época de construção |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011494}}{{Cite web |date=2020-11-09 |title=Portugal tem 730 mil casas vazias e abandonadas — idealista/news |url=https://www.idealista.pt/news/imobiliario/habitacao/2020/11/09/45204-portugal-tem-730-mil-casas-vazias-e-abandonadas |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.idealista.pt |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2018-01-17 |title=Portugal é o segundo país da Europa que tem mais casas vazias — idealista/news |url=https://www.idealista.pt/news/imobiliario/habitacao/2018/01/17/35319-portugal-o-segundo-pais-da-europa-com-mais-casas-vazias |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.idealista.pt |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2013-04-04 |title=Visão {{!}} Lisboa abandonada: quase 5 mil edifícios devolutos |url=https://visao.pt/visao_verde/ambiente/2013-04-04-lisboa-abandonada-quase-5-mil-edificios-devolutosf721893/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2022-01-13 |title=Lisboa tem quase 48 mil casas vazias que câmara quer pôr "a uso" |url=https://www.dn.pt/local/lisboa-tem-quase-48-mil-casas-vazias-que-camara-quer-por-a-uso-14489586.html |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}} As of 2023, some 642 apartments are registered as "Alojamento Local", meaning they have the license to be hired on platforms such as Booking.com or Airbnb.{{Cite web |title=Alojamento Local |url=https://lxhabidata.iscte-iul.pt/pt/data/#RNAL_1/Mapas_A_C_N_?}}

The 2021 census also recorded 21 homeless people in the parish, of which 17 (81%) were males.{{Cite web |last=INE |title=Indicador |url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011709 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=tabulador.ine.pt}} The parish is actively promoting initiatives aiming at helping people in homelessness; the Albergue Xabregas was created in 1999, through which around 500 people pass every year, and also provides a shooting room (sala de chuto) to help drug addicts to recover from their addiction.{{Cite web |last=Cardoso |first=Margarida David |date=2017-07-08 |title=Resposta para os sem-abrigo no Beato pouco mudou desde 1999 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2017/07/08/local/noticia/levou-mais-de-uma-decada-para-o-centro-para-semabrigo-do-beato-se-adaptar-as-mudancas-da-cidade-1778332 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}{{Cite web |last=Binário |first=Design |title=Associação Vitae |url=https://www.assoc-vitae.org/pt/projecto/1 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=Associação Vitae |language=pt}} Other entities offering support to the population include the {{ill|Associação para a Saúde e Desenvolvimento Solidário|lt=Associação para a Saúde e Desenvolvimento Solidário|pt|Componente Fixa do Sistema de Forças (Exército Português)}} and the Mercearia Social da Penha de França, established in 2017.{{Cite web |title=Polo Desenvolvimento Social e Saúde |url=https://jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-92-dezembro.pdf}} With the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, aid to the resident population was enhanced. From March 2020 to May 2021 around 430 people received extra financial aid, and almost 1500 people were assisted in finding an occupation or being placed into professional training.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Outubro 2021 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-66-outubro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Fevreiro 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha_70.pdf}}

File:Azulejo-Museum1.jpg

File:Alegoria Eucarística - Lisboa, c. 1660, proveniente do antigo Convento de Sant'Ana (MNAz inv. 161 Az).png

File:Hunting Room (Lisbon, 1680) - Named "Hunting Room" from the scenes represented in the panels animals chasing each other (29658298078).jpg

File:Tiles Tower (Madre de Deus) (3153825988).jpg

File:Լիսաբոնի Աստվածածին եկեղեցի.jpg|227x227px|left]]

• Alto de São João Cemetery: Including the Jazigo Viscondes de Valmor, it was established in 1833 during a cholera epidemic it was located in the rural outskirts and holds a diverse history. Its architecture includes works by renowned architects and anonymous builders. The cemetery pays tribute to Republican revolutionaries, features mausoleums dedicated to benefactors and women activists, and housed Portugal's first crematorium in 1925, later reactivated in 1985. People buried here include {{ill|Miguel Vaz de Almada|lt=Miguel Vaz de Almada|pt|Miguel Vaz de Almada}} and {{ill|José António do Vale|lt=José António do Vale|pt|José António do Vale}}. The cemetery also hosts a church (Igreja do Cemitério do Alto de São João).{{Cite web |title=Jazigo Viscondes de Valmor |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/jazigo-viscondes-de-valmor |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Diretório da Cidade |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt |language=pt-PT}}
• Ancient fountains Chafariz da Avenida Afonso III{{Cite web |title=X-arqWeb |url=https://arquivomunicipal3.cm-lisboa.pt/X-arqWeb/Result.aspx?id=223937&type=PCD |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=arquivomunicipal3.cm-lisboa.pt}} and Chafariz do Alto do Pina,{{Cite web |title=Diretório da Cidade |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt |language=pt-PT}} and the 1870 fountain Chafariz da Penha de França.{{Cite web |title=Diretório da Cidade |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/chafariz-da-penha-de-franca |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Cemitério do Alto de São João |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/cemiterio-alto-de-sao-joao}}
• Edifício na Rua dos Baldaques, 13: Building from 1932 that won the Eugénio dos Santos architecture prize{{Cite web |title=Rua dos Baldaques |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/edificio-na-rua-dos-baldaques-13}}
• Fernando Correia Martins monument: A 2019 memorial monument{{Cite web |date=2019-06-15 |title=Fernando Correia Martins foi ontem homenageado na Penha de França |url=https://festivaiscancao.wordpress.com/2019/06/15/fernando-correia-martins-foi-ontem-homenageado-na-penha-de-franca/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |language=pt-PT}}
• Fort Santa Apolónia or Baluarte de Santa Apolónia: built between 1652 and 1668, defended the eastern part of Lisbon. Its pentagonal design, facing east and west, includes well-preserved features like masonry walls, watchtowers, and gates. Classified as a Property of Public Interest, it was part of a riverside defensive line.{{Cite web |title=Forte ou Baluarte de Santa Apolónia |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/forte-ou-baluarte-de-santa-apolonia}} In 2021 it was provided with a new system of wooden ladders so as to make the access easier.{{Cite web |title=Melhor acesso ao Forte de Santa Apolónia |url=https://jf-penhafranca.pt/noticias/674-novas-escadas-para-o-forte-de-santa-apolonia |access-date=2023-12-29 |website=jf-penhafranca.pt}}
• Forte de Santa Apolónia geomonumento: In the Middle Miocene, the area around Lisbon served as an estuary for a major river, where fresh water mingled with the saltwater from the sea. Within this transitional setting, abundant in organic material, substantial populations of Gryphaea gryphoides oysters took root, with some of these oysters growing to impressive lengths of up to 40 cm.{{Cite web |title=Geomonumento Forte de Santa Apolónia |url=https://aealvalade.edu.pt/images/docs/2122/alunos/geo_sta_apol.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Geomonumento do Forte de Santa Apolónia |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/geomonumento-do-forte-de-santa-apolonia}}
• A number of Catholic churches: Igreja Paroquial de São Francisco de Assis was inaugurated in 1959,{{Cite web |title=Patriarcado de Lisboa |url=https://www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt/site/index.php?tem=65&value=open:3673 |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=www.patriarcado-lisboa.pt}}{{Cite web |title=São Francisco de Assis |url=https://www.quovadislisboa.com/pt/place/sao-francisco-de-assis |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=Quo Vadis Lisboa |language=pt}}{{Cite web |title=Igreja Paroquial de São Francisco de Assis |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/igreja-paroquial-de-sao-francisco-de-assis}} Igreja São João Evangelista inaugurated in 1989,{{Cite web |title=São João Evangelista |url=https://www.quovadislisboa.com/pt/place/sao-joao-evangelista |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=Quo Vadis Lisboa |language=pt}} and Priorado de São Pio X.{{Cite web |title=priorados |url=https://www.fsspx.es/pt/capelas}}
• Jewish Cemitery: In 1868, King D. Luís granted Lisbon's Jews permission to establish the Calçada das Lages Cemetery (now Afonso III), still the main burial site for the Lisbon Jewish Community. In 1892, the Civil Government Charter ratified the statutes of the "Guemilut Hassadim Association," offering aid in times of need and funerals, founded by Moses Anahory. Currently, around 270 people are buried there.{{Cite web |title=Comunidade Israelita de Lisboa |url=https://cilisboa.org/actividades-e-servi%C3%A7os/cemit%C3%A9rio/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=cilisboa.org}}{{Cite web |title=Internet: O mais antigo cemitério judaico de Lisboa |url=https://geo.cm-lisboa.pt/index.php?id=7527 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=geo.cm-lisboa.pt}}
• Madre de Deus Convent and church: Founded in 1509 by Queen D. Leonor, the Convent showcases diverse architectural styles, including Mudéjar, Manueline, Mannerist, Baroque, and Revivalist. It houses the National Tile Museum, displaying a rich collection of tiles from various eras. The church's simple façade features a notable 19th-century Neo-Manueline portal. Inside, the single nave is adorned with 18th-century historical azulejos depicting the life of St. Francis, and the main chapel and choir boast 16th-century paintings framed in gilt woodwork{{Cite web |title=Convento da Madre de Deus |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/convento-da-madre-de-deus}}
• Miradouro da Penha de França: An unforgettable view encompasses both the Tagus Valley, where the horizon meets the Atlantic Ocean, and the opposite direction, offering a glimpse of Alto de São João and much of both riverbanks. To the north, the distant presence of the Sintra Mountain Range can be seen{{Cite web |title=Miradouro da Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/miradouro-da-penha-de-franca}}
• National Museum of the Azulejo: Housed in the Convent of the Mother of God, this museum showcases Portuguese azulejos from the 15th to the 20th century, including notable pieces like the Altarpiece of Our Lady of Life and modern works{{Cite web |title=Museu Nacional do Azulejo |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/museu-nacional-do-azulejo}}{{Cite web |title=Museu Nacional do Azulejo |url=https://www.visitlisboa.com/pt-pt/locais/museu-nacional-do-azulejo |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=Turismo de Lisboa |language=pt-pt}}{{Cite web |title=DGPC {{!}} Museus e Monumentos {{!}} Rede Portuguesa de Museus {{!}} Museu Nacional do Azulejo |url=https://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/pt/museus-e-monumentos/rede-portuguesa/m/museu-nacional-do-azulejo/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt}}{{Cite web |title=DGPC {{!}} Museu Nacional do Azulejo |url=https://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/pt/recursos/cedencia-e-aluguer-de-espacos/aluguer-de-espacos-museu-nacional-do-azulejo/ |access-date=2023-10-08 |website=www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt}}
• Nossa Senhora da Penha de França Church and convent: The first chapel with this dedication emerged following a vow made by the visionary António Simões after the Battle of Alcácer Quibir. Construction began in 1597–98. In 1601, it was handed over to the Augustinian hermits. Between 1625 and 1635, a new temple was built to replace the previous one. It underwent several renovations, notably in the 18th century. It houses many notable azulejos. In the late XX century was created a chapel (Capela de São João Baptista) located in Avenida Eduardo Galhardo, to better serve the parishioners during the weekends.{{Cite web |title=Igreja Paroquial da Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/igreja-paroquial-da-penha-de-franca}}{{Cite web |title=Edifício do antigo Convento de Nossa Senhora da Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/igreja-e-edificio-do-antigo-convento-de-nossa-senhora-da-penha-de-franca}}{{Cite web |title=Equipa pastoral e regras da paróquia da Penha França |url=https://www.paroquiapenhafranca.com/paroquia |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Paróquia PenhaFrança |language=pt}}
• Painel de azulejos na fachada da Escola António Arroio: A 1999 polychrome tile panel, 1180 cm × 900 cm, by Master Querubim Lapa, graces the exterior façade of António Arroio School. It features a deconstructed, abstract design with vibrant contrasts{{Cite web |title=Painel de azulejos na fachada da Escola António Arroio |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/painel-de-azulejos-na-fachada-da-escola-antonio-arroio}}
• Palace Diogo Cão (Palácio Diogo Cão): Currently housing the Junta de Freguesia. It is a house dating from the XVIII century, whose origins lie in the XV century but that was later restored after the 1755 earthquake.
• Palace of the Marquises of Nisa: Founded in 1543 by D. Francisco da Câmara, the second Count of Vidigueira, this building passed through various owners, including descendants of Vasco da Gama in 1634. It returned to the possession of the Marquises of Nisa in 1672 and underwent significant improvements at that time. Altered substantially from its original structure, both by the earthquake and the interventions of successive owners, it was sold to the Misericórdia de Lisboa in 1926{{Cite web |title=Palácio dos Marqueses de Nisa |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/palacio-dos-marqueses-de-nisa}}
• Santos-o-Novo convent: Built in the early 17th century for the Order of Santiago, this imposing structure survived partial destruction in the 1755 earthquake. It includes a vast cloister, ornate chapels, and gilded woodwork{{Cite web |title=Convento de Santos-o-Novo |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/convento-de-santos-o-novo}}

File:Museu do Azulejo - Lisboa - Portugal (49438751686).jpg

The parish hosts the Portuguese Camping and Mountaineering Federation and, on a bimestral basis, hosts the Penha de França Theme Fair.{{Cite web |title=Federação de Campismo e Montanhismo de Portugal |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/federacao-de-campismo-e-montanhismo-de-portugal}}{{Cite web |title=Feira Temática Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/feira-tematica-penha-de-franca}}

The parish also features three public libraries - with the last one being opened in 2015. There are many cultural associations such as "Os fidalgos da Penha", Penha SCO (established in 2019), and "A goela" (established in 2015). Also within the parish are a large municipal market, Ginásio do Alto do Pina (established in 1911); and art galleries.{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca da Penha de França |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/biblioteca-da-penha-de-franca}}{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca Museu Nacional do Azulejo |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/biblioteca-museu-nacional-do-azulejo}}{{Cite web |title=Biblioteca da Associação Portuguesa de Bibliotecários, Arquivistas e Documentalistas |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/biblioteca-da-associacao-portuguesa-de-bibliotecarios-arquivistas-e-documentalistas}}{{Cite web |title=Loja Social Os Fidalgos da Penha |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/loja-social-os-fidalgos-da-penha}}{{Cite web |title=Mercado de Sapadores |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/mercado-de-sapadores}}{{Cite web |title=The Switch |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/the-switch}}{{Cite web |title=Projeto Troca Amiga |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/projeto-troca-amiga}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Dezembro 2021 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-68-dezembro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Junho 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-86-junho.pdf}} The parish organises periodical workshops or cultural events, most notably in the main library. There are also often partnerships with local cultural institutions and museums.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Agosto 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-74-junho.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Maio 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-73-maio.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Abril 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-72-abril.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Setembro 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-77-setembro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Março 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-83-marco.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Fevreiro 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-82-fevereiro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Janeiro 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-81-janeiro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Dezembro 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-80-dezembro.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Outubro 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-90-outubro.pdf}}

Penha de França is also very active during Marchas Populares, an event celebrating Portuguese Midsummer. During this event, teams dress up in handmade outfits. They march and dance in an open avenue or closed arena to the sound of popular music, mixing motifs of Portuguese summer culture, like "manjerico" and the sea. Penha de França participates with two teams, the homonymous "Penha de França" and "Alto da Pina".{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Julho 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-87-julho.pdf}}

The parish hosts many cultural events throughout the year and incentives cultural initiatives. For instance, it also created its very own superhero "Super Penhas" so as to encourage participation from kids.{{Cite web |title=JF |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-90-outubro.pdf}} A noteworthy social activity annually held by the parish is the gastromomic competition "Penha à mesa", lasting around 10 days in July.{{Cite web |title=Penha à mesa |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/atividades-economicas/penha-a-mesa |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}

The parish holds active life in high regard and has organised many initiatives aiming at promoting a healthy lifestyle amongst the residents.{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Março 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-72-marco.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Agosto 2022 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-76-agosto.pdf}}{{Cite web |title=Revista da Penha - Abril 2023 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/images/revista/pdf/penha-84-abril.pdf}}

There are several sports facilities, including:

• Espaço Multiuso: a parish-owned space offering multiple sports courses along the year{{Cite web |title=Espaço Multiusos |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/atividades-desportivas-culturais-e-ludicas/multiusos}}
• Piscina da Penha de França: a swimming pool dating from 1960, 12 m wide and 25 m long. It was closed in 2011 for intensive works and reopened in 2021, after an €800,000 investment.{{Cite web |last=Alemão |first=Samuel |date=2023-01-04 |title=O ano em que a Penha voltou a nadar |url=https://arteria.publico.pt/descoberta/o-ano-em-que-a-penha-voltou-a-nadar/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Artéria |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=Piscina da Penha de França |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/atividades-desportivas-culturais-e-ludicas/piscina}}{{Cite web |date=2017-04-06 |title=Piscina de Penha de França custou 775 mil euros e continua fechada |url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/piscina-de-penha-de-franca-custou-775-mil-euros-e-continua-fechada-5775129.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |date=2018-07-26 |title=Penha de França. Piscina mete água mas ninguém lá pode nadar. O engenheiro da obra que afinal não é |url=https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/26-jul-2018/penha-de-franca-piscina-mete-agua-mas-ninguem-la-pode-nadar-o-engenheiro-da-obra-que-afinal-nao-e--9636003.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=2021-06-04 |title=Piscina da Penha de França envolvida em polémica |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/pais/piscina-da-penha-de-franca-envolvida-em-polemica_v1325481 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Piscina da Penha de França envolvida em polémica |language=pt}}

Residents of Penha de França can access medical specialties provided at the parish's Medical Center, where there is also nursing support.{{Cite web |title=Posto Médico |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/saude/posto-medico |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}} Eight pharmacies (2.8 per 10,000 residents) and a SNS counter{{clarify|date=November 2024}} are also located in Penha de França.{{Cite web |title=Farmácias |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/saude/farmacias |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}{{Cite web |title=Balcão SNS 24 |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/saude/balcao-sns-24 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}

A new hospital, "Unidade de saúde de Sapadores-Graça", is expected to open in 2024.{{Cite web |title=Obra - US Sapadores Graça |url=https://www.lisboaocidentalsru.pt/sapadores-graca |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Lisboa Ocidental SRU |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2023-11-14 |title=Proposta de Orçamento Municipal 2024 apresentada à cidade |url=https://www.lisboa.pt/atualidade/noticias/detalhe/proposta-de-orcamento-municipal-2024-apresentada-a-cidade |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=MUNICÍPIO de LISBOA |language=pt-PT}}

File:Jardim-do-caracol-da-penha-entrada-rua-marques-da-silva.jpg

The parish hosts several green spaces, notably:

• Jardim da Praça Paiva Couceiro: 1950s garden with a children's playground, a public restroom and an esplanade, spanning around 5000 m².{{Cite web |title=Monumentos |url=http://www.monumentos.gov.pt/Site/APP_PagesUser/SIPA.aspx?id=26721 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.monumentos.gov.pt}}{{Cite web |title=Novo WC na Paiva Couceiro |url=https://jf-penhafranca.pt/noticias/46-novo-wc-na-paiva-couceiro |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=jf-penhafranca.pt}}
• Jardim da Praça António Sardinha: garden with a children's playground, approximately 2000 m².{{Cite web |title=Parque Infantil da Praça António Sardinha 1 |url=https://informacoeseservicos.lisboa.pt/contactos/diretorio-da-cidade/parque-infantil-da-praca-antonio-sardinha-1}}
• {{ill|Jardim Bulhão Pato|lt=Jardim Bulhão Pato|pt|Jardim Bulhão Pato}}: garden with a children's playground, spanning around 1500 m².
• {{ill|Jardim do Caracol da Penha|lt=Jardim do Caracol da Penha|pt|Jardim do Caracol da Penha}}: Hosting an amphitheatre, a viewpoint, a sports park and a children's playground, the park was opened in 2023. It spans over 1 hectare and hosts 25,000 species of small plants as well as approximately 250 trees.{{Cite web |last=Leandro |first=Valter |date=2023-07-17 |title=Lisboa tem um novo jardim, com vários equipamentos para todas as idades |url=https://lisboasecreta.co/jardim-do-caracol-da-penha/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Lisboa Secreta |language=pt-PT}}{{Cite web |title=INÍCIO |url=https://www.caracoldapenha.info/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Jardim do Caracol |language=en}}

Nine streets have garden benches and recreational areas.{{Cite web |title=Espaços Verdes |url=https://www.jf-penhafranca.pt/servicos/espacos-verdes |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.jf-penhafranca.pt}}

The parish is served by a network of public transportation means, including tramways, buses, and trains.

File:Taking the bonde in Lisboa (52132775609).jpg in Penha de França|255x255px]]

Penha de França is among the parishes served by tram {{ill|28E|lt=28E|pt|28E CCFL}}, which is one of the most renowned tourist attractions in Lisbon. Two of its 35 stops are located in the parish: Rua Angelina Vidal and Sapadores.{{Cite web |title=10 things to do and see in Lisbon {{!}} www.visitportugal.com |url=https://www.visitportugal.com/en/content/top-10-lisbon |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=www.visitportugal.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=USNews |url=https://travel.usnews.com/Lisbon_Portugal/Things_To_Do/}}

As of 2023, there were plans for a new line connecting Santa Apolónia to Amadora, passing through Penha the França and serving the parish with 4 stops. However, there are no definite plans nor dates for the start of the construction.{{Cite web |last=Raposo |first=Frederico |date=2022-09-09 |title=Elétricos vão duplicar e Lisboa estuda "novas linhas de metro ligeiro". Amadora - Sta. Apolónia pode ser a primeira |url=http://amensagem.pt/2022/09/09/eletricos-carris-duplicar-lisboa-novas-linhas-metro-ligeiro-amadora-santa-apolonia-carlos-gaivoto/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Mensagem de Lisboa |language=pt-PT}}

The bus network is quite extensive, encompassing most of the parish's streets.

There is a train line passing through the parish, dividing the riverbanks (where part of the port of Lisbon is located) from the rest of the parish. Despite this, there are no train stops in Penha de França. There are only two ways to get to the riverfront, with both ways being located on the boundaries of Penha de França. These are:

• Rua Bispo de Cochim Dom Joseph Kureethara: The street passes under the Xabregas viaduct and serves as a boundary between Penha de França and Beato.{{Cite web |title=indias historyloving bishop dies of heart failure |url=https://www.ucanews.com/story-archive/?post_name=/1999/01/14/indias-historyloving-bishop-dies-of-heart-failure&post_id=12821 |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=ucanews.com |language=en}} The name honours the homonymous Indian bishop who died in 1999.
• Viaduct of Av. Mouzinho de Albuquerque: The street passes over the railway due to a bridge built in the late 1990s. It serves as a boundary between Penha de França and São Vicente.{{Cite web |title=De Santa Apolónia a Xabregas |url=https://arquivomunicipal.lisboa.pt/fileadmin/arquivo_municipal/servicos/servico_educativo/explorar_a_cidade/santa_apolonia.pdf}} The name honours the homonymous Portuguese general who died in 1902.

• Headquarter (Penha de França)—Travessa do Calado, 2
• Social and Health Development Center (Polo de Desenvolvimento Social e Saúde) - (São João) - Avenida Marechal Francisco da Costa Gomes, loja 13

File:Crematório Alto de São João 2017-08-26.png

People who were born, lived, or buried within Penha de França include:

• {{ill|Jerónimo António Pereira Coutinho Pacheco de Vilhena e Brito|lt=Jerónimo de Vilhena e Brito|pt|Jerónimo António Pereira Coutinho Pacheco de Vilhena e Brito}} (1713-1786): Portuguese-Spanish nobleman
• {{ill|António Botelho (born 1749)|lt=António Botelho|pt|António Botelho}} (1749-1799): Portuguese-Spanish nobleman
• {{ill|Jerónimo António Pereira Coutinho Pato Pacheco de Vilhena e Mendonça|lt=Jerónimo de Vilhena e Mendonça|pt|Jerónimo António Pereira Coutinho Pato Pacheco de Vilhena e Mendonça}} (1776-1814): Portuguese-Spanish nobleman
• {{ill|António Novais Pimentel|lt=António Novais Pimentel|pt|António Novais Pimentel}} (1780-1852): Portuguese-Spanish nobleman
• {{ill|António Luís Pereira Coutinho|lt=António Luís Pereira Coutinho|pt|António Luís Pereira Coutinho}} (1818-1908): Portuguese nobleman
• Ana Augusta de Castilho (1860-1916): Portuguese feminist, teacher, propagandist, freemason, and republican activist opposed to the Portuguese monarchy.
• Jesuína Saraiva (1865-1947): Portuguese actress
• Raul Lino (1879-1974): Portuguese architect
• {{ill|João Rui de Sousa|lt=João Rui de Sousa|pt|João Rui de Sousa}} (1928-2022): Portuguese poet and writer
• {{ill|Maria Zulmira Pereira Lemos Zeiger|lt=Maria Zulmira Zeiger (Anna Paula)|pt|Anna Paula}}: Portuguese actress and playwright
• {{ill|Graça Lobo|lt=Graça Lobo|pt|Graça Lobo}} (1938): Portuguese actress
• Humberto Fernandes (1940-2009): Portuguese footballer
• {{ill|Hélio Cunha|lt=Hélio Cunha|pt|Hélio Cunha}} (1948): Portuguese artist
• {{ill|Filomena Gonçalves|lt=Filomena Gonçalves|pt|Filomena Gonçalves}} (1961): Portuguese actress
• José Raposo (1963): Portuguese actor
• Nininho Vaz Maia (1988): Portuguese singer, considered one of the main voices linked to the flamenco musical style in Portugal.

{{reflist}}

{{Parishes of Lisbon}}

{{Lisbon landmarks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Penha de Franca (Lisbon)}}

Category:Parishes of Lisbon