Penicillium rubrum
{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Speciesbox
| image =
| image_caption =
| genus = Penicillium
| species = rubrum
| authority = Stoll, O. 1904[http://www.mycobank.org/name/Penicillium%20rubrum MycoBank]
| type_strain = ATCC 52215, BCRC 31682, BIOURGE 412B, Biourge 412b, CBS 184.27, CCRC 31682, FRR 1057, IMI 094165, KCTC 6784, LHSB P164, LSHB P164, MUCL 29224, NRRL 1057, Thom 4894.13[http://www.straininfo.net/taxa/10678 Straininfo of Penicillium rubrum]
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms = Talaromyces ruber , Penicillium crateriforme
}}
Penicillium rubrum is a species of fungus in the genus Penicillium which produces kojic acid, mitorubrin, mitorubrinol, rubratoxin A, rubratoxin B rubralactone, rubramin and occurs in grain corn and soybeans.{{cite book | author = Atta-ur- Rahman | title = Studies in Natural Products Chemistry: Bioactive Natural Products (Part L) | publisher = Gulf Professional Publishing | date = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-08-045847-2}}{{cite book |author1=Burkhard Fugmann |author2=Susanne Lang-Fugmann |author3=Wolfgang Steglich | title = RÖMPP Encyclopedia Natural Products, 1st Edition | publisher = Georg Thieme Verlag | date = 2014 | isbn = 978-3-13-179311-9}}{{cite journal|doi=10.1271/bbb.70112|pmid=17690484|title=Rubralactone, Rubralides A, B and C, and Rubramin Produced by Penicillium rubrum|journal=Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry|volume=71|issue=8|pages=1896–901|year=2014|last1=Kimura|first1=Yasuo|last2=Yoshinari|first2=Takashi|last3=Koshino|first3=Hiroyuki|last4=Fujioka|first4=Shozo|last5=Okada|first5=Katsuhide|last6=Shimada|first6=Atsumi|doi-access=free}}{{cite book |author1=Ulrich Kück |author2=Minou Nowrousian |author3=Jürgen Reiß |author4=Birgit Hoff |author5=Ines Engh | title = Schimmelpilze: Lebensweise, Nutzen, Schaden, Bekämpfung | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-3-540-88716-4}}{{cite book |author1=John I. Pitt |author2=Ailsa D. Hocking | title = RÖMPP Lexikon Lebensmittelchemie | edition = 2 | publisher = Georg Thieme Verlag | date = 2014 | isbn = 978-3-13-179282-2}} Penicillium rubrum is similar to the species Penicillium chrysogenum.{{cite journal|doi=10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12|pmid=22679592|pmc=3317369|title=Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens|journal=IMA Fungus|volume=2|issue=1|pages=87–95|year=2011|last1=Houbraken|first1=Jos|last2=Frisvad|first2=Jens C.|last3=Samson'|first3=Robert A.}}
Further reading
- {{cite book |author1=Claude Vezina |author2=Kartar Singh | title = Fermentation Products: Proceedings of the Sixth International Fermentation Symposium Held in London, Canada, July 20-25, 1980 | publisher = Elsevier | date = 2013 | isbn = 978-1-4831-4846-5}}
- {{cite book |author1=John I. Pitt |author2=Ailsa D. Hocking | title = Fungi and Food Spoilage | edition = 3 | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | date = 2009 | isbn = 978-0-387-92207-2}}
- {{cite book | author = Larry R. Beuchat | title = Food and Beverage Mycology | publisher = Springer Science & Business Media | date = 1987 | isbn = 978-0-442-21084-7}}
- {{cite book | author = Pieter Steyn | title = The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins: A study in secondary Metabolism | publisher = Elsevie | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-0-323-14993-8}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.1038/2071094a0|pmid=5866311|title=Specificity of Pigment Formation by Penicillium rubrum Stoll|journal=Nature|volume=207|issue=5001|pages=1094–5|year=1965|last1=Sen|first1=S. N.}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.2042-7158.1966.tb07908.x|pmid=4381730|title=Isolation and characterisation of hepatotoxins from Penicillium rubrum|journal=Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology|volume=18|issue=7|pages=471–3|year=1966|last1=Townsend|first1=R. J.|last2=Moss|first2=M.|last3=Peck|first3=H. M.}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF02051985|pmid=5455793|title=Strain variation in the production of rubratoxins by Penicillium rubrum Stoll|journal=Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata|volume=40|issue=2|pages=81–8|year=1970|last1=Moss|first1=M. O.|last2=Hill|first2=I. W.}}
- {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0040-4039(01)87693-0|title=The structure of rubratoxin a, a toxic metabolite of Penicillium rubrum|journal=Tetrahedron Letters|volume=10|issue=5|pages=367|year=1969|last1=Moss|first1=M.O.|last2=Wood|first2=A.B.|last3=Robinson|first3=F.V.}}
- {{cite journal|pmid=579578|year=1977|author1=Emeh|first1=C. O.|title=Synthesis of macromolecules and rubratoxin by Penicillium rubrum|journal=Archives of Microbiology|volume=115|issue=2|pages=157–62|last2=Marth|first2=E. H.|doi=10.1007/bf00406369}}