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Plasmodium relictum

{{Short description|Species of single-celled organism}}

{{Speciesbox

| genus = Plasmodium

| parent = Haemamoeba

| species = relictum

| authority = Grassi & Feletti, 1891

| synonyms =

  • Haemamoeba majoris {{small|Laveran, 1902 (partim)}}{{cite web | title=Plasmodium relictum | website=Invasive Species Compendium (ISC) | publisher=CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) | date=2019-12-02 | url=http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/69051 | access-date=2022-01-14}}
  • Haemamoeba relicta {{small|Grassi and Feletti, 1891}}
  • Haemoproteus alaudae {{small|Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 (partim)}}
  • Plasmodium alaudae {{small|(Celli and Sanfelice, 1891) emend. Garnham, 1966}}
  • Plasmodium biziurae {{small|(Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910) emend. Coatney and Roudabush, 1936}}
  • Plasmodium capistrani {{small|Russell, 1932}}
  • Plasmodium chloropsidis {{small|Mello, 1935}}
  • Plasmodium grassii {{small|Labbé, 1894, emend. Coatney and Roudabush, 1936}}
  • Plasmodium inconstans {{small|Hartman, 1927}}
  • Plasmodium maior {{small|Raffaele, 1930}}
  • Plasmodium majoris {{small|Lühe, 1906}}
  • Plasmodium muniae {{small|(Das Gupta and Siddons, 1941) emend. Garnham, 1966}}
  • Plasmodium paddae {{small|Brumpt, 1935}}{{cite book|last1=Valkiunas|first1=Gediminas|title=Avian Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia|date=28 October 2004|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780203643792|pages=592|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2btzeZON0qgC&q=Plasmodium+paddae&pg=PA878|language=en}}
  • Plasmodium passeris {{small|Johnston and Cleland, 1909}}
  • Plasmodium pericrocoti {{small|Chakravarty and Kar, 1945}}
  • Plasmodium ploceii {{small|Chakravarty and Kar, 1945}}
  • Plasmodium praecox var. muniae {{small|Das Gupta and Siddons, 1941}}
  • Plasmodium relictum biziurae {{small|Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910, emend. Garnham, 1966}}
  • Plasmodium relictum capistranoae {{small|Russell, 1932, emend. Garnham, 1966}}
  • Plasmodium relictum spheniscidae {{small|Fantham and Porter, 1944, emend. Garnham, 1966}}
  • Plasmodium relictum var. spheniscidae {{small|Fantham and Porter, 1944}}
  • Proteosoma biziurae {{small|Gilruth, Sweet and Dodd, 1910}}
  • Proteosoma grassii {{small|Labbé, 1894}}

}}

Plasmodium relictum is a species in the genus Plasmodium, subgenus Haemamoeba.

It is a parasite, and the most common cause of malaria in birds.{{cite journal | last1=LaPointe | first1=Dennis A. | last2=Atkinson | first2=Carter T. | last3=Samuel | first3=Michael D. | title=Ecology and conservation biology of avian malaria | journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | publisher=NYAS (WB) | volume=1249 | issue=1 | year=2012 | issn=0077-8923 | doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06431.x | pages=211–226 | pmid=22320256 | bibcode=2012NYASA1249..211L | s2cid=1885904| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230770 | doi-access=free }}

Like all Plasmodium species, P. relictum has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are birds.

Distribution

P. relictum is geographically widespread, and is the most widespread malaria parasite of birds. Climate change is broadening its distribution further and is expected to continue to do so, including into higher elevations.

Hosts

= Avian =

P. relictum infects a wide variety of birds including birds from various orders. Infections in numerous wild birds and experimental animals have been described including partridges, canaries, chickens, ducks, pigeons and Spheniscus magellanicus (Magellanic penguins).{{cite journal | last1=Braga | first1=Érika Martins | last2=Silveira | first2=Patricia | last3=Belo | first3=Nayara Oliveira | last4=Valkiūnas | first4=Gediminas | title=Recent advances in the study of avian malaria: an overview with an emphasis on the distribution of Plasmodium spp in Brazil | journal=Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz | publisher=FapUNIFESP (SciELO) | volume=106 | issue=suppl 1 | year=2011 | issn=0074-0276 | doi=10.1590/s0074-02762011000900002 | pages=3–11 | pmid=21881752 | s2cid=18213564| doi-access=free | hdl=1807/58966 | hdl-access=free }}{{cite book | last=Valkiūnas | first=Gediminas | title=Avian Malaria Parasites And Other Haemosporidia | publisher=CRC Press | publication-place=Boca Raton | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-415-30097-1 | oclc=55066316 | pages=x+932+III Plates}} {{ISBN|978-0-203-64379-2}}. {{OCLC|70294116}}.{{rp|89}}{{rp|595}}{{rp|596}} Experimental attempts to infect owls were not successful, suggesting owls may not be susceptible to P. relictum.

= Vector =

Culex quinquefasciatus, Cu. stigmatosoma and Cu. tarsalis.

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal | last1=Valkiūnas | first1=Gediminas | last2=Iezhova | first2=Tatjana A. | title=Keys to the avian malaria parasites | journal=Malaria Journal | publisher=BioMed Central | volume=17 | issue=1 | date=2018-05-29 | page=212 | issn=1475-2875 | doi=10.1186/s12936-018-2359-5 | pmc=5975542 | pmid=29843718 | doi-access=free }} {{small|1=(GV ORCID: [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0594-0280 0000-0003-0594-0280])}}.

External links

  • {{cite web | title=How Malaria Hurts Birds | website=Audubon Society | date=2015-06-16 | url=http://www.audubon.org/news/how-malaria-hurts-birds | access-date=2022-01-14}}
  • {{cite web | author=Diseases of Terrestrial Wildlife | title=Avian Malaria | website=U.S. Geological Survey | date=2018-10-18 | url=http://www.usgs.gov/diseases-of-terrestrial-wildlife/avian-malaria | access-date=2022-01-14}}

{{Alveolata}}

{{Poultry}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q20722177}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Plasmodium relictum}}

relictum

Category:Poultry diseases

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