Pleasantville (film)

In 1998, while their divorced mother is out of town, high-school-aged twin siblings David and Jennifer fight over the television, breaking the remote control. A mysterious TV repairman suddenly arrives and, impressed by David's knowledge and love of Pleasantville, a black-and-white 1950s sitcom about the idyllic Parker family, gives him an unusual remote control before departing. When they use it, David and Jennifer are magically transported into the Parkers' house, in Pleasantville{{'}}s black-and-white world. Unaware of the replacements, George and Betty Parker believe David and Jennifer to be their children Bud and Mary Sue, respectively. Communicating through the Parkers' television, David tries to reason with the repairman, who is offended that they want to come home, thinking they should be lucky to live in Pleasantville.

There, fire is impossible to start (firefighters merely rescue cats from trees), and everyone is unaware that anything exists outside of Pleasantville, as all roads circle back into it. David tells Jennifer they must play the show's characters and not disrupt Pleasantville, but she rebelliously goes on a date with Mary Sue's boyfriend, Skip Martin, the most popular boy in school. She has sex with Skip, who is shocked by the experience, which leads to the first bursts of color appearing in town.

Bill Johnson, owner of the malt shop where Bud works, experiences an existential crisis after realizing the repetitive nature of his life. David tries to help him break out of his routine and notices an attraction between Bill and Betty.

As Jennifer influences other teenagers, parts of Pleasantville become colorized, including some of the residents. Books in the library, previously blank, begin to fill with words as David and Jennifer summarize the plot to their classmates. After Jennifer tells a curious Betty about sex and masturbation, Betty masturbates in the bathtub and has an orgasm that results in her colorization and a fire in a tree outside.

David shows Bill a book of modern art, which inspires him to begin painting and to pursue a romance with Betty. Jennifer loses interest in sex and partying and becomes colorized after finding passion in literature. David pursues a romance with a classmate named Margaret, but is dismayed to find he is still black and white.

Betty leaves George to be with Bill, bewildering him. The town leaders, including the mayor, Big Bob, and others who remain black and white are suspicious of the recent changes and begin to discriminate against the "colored" people, considering them a threat to Pleasantville's values. A riot is ignited by Bill's nude painting of Betty on the window of his malt shop. The shop is destroyed, books are burned and colored people are harassed in the street. David defends Betty from a gang of teenage boys, demonstrating newfound courage that turns him colored.

The town council establishes a code of conduct that, among other things, bans colored citizens from public venues and outlaws reading, rock music and using colorful paint. In protest, David and Bill paint a colorful mural outside the soda fountain depicting the beauty of love, sex, music and literature. The two are arrested and brought to trial in front of the entire town. As David helps George realize how much he misses Betty, George becomes colorized along with everyone else in the courtroom, except for Big Bob, who refuses to change his ways. After David enrages him by suggesting that women may end up going to work while men stay home to cook and clean, Big Bob finally turns colorful before fleeing in shame.

As the entire town becomes colorized, color televisions start being sold, broadcasting footage of other countries, and the town's roads now lead to other cities. Jennifer chooses to stay behind and attend college in neighboring Springfield. Bidding farewell to her, Margaret and Betty while also promising to return whenever he can, David uses the remote control to return to the real world; where only an hour has passed since his disappearance. He finds his mother crying in the kitchen, lamenting that her life has not turned out the way she expected; he assures her that nothing has to be perfect. In Pleasantville, the citizens and Jennifer enjoy their lives.

{{Cast listing|

• Tobey Maguire as David / Bud Parker
• Kevin Connors as the real Bud Parker
• Jeff Daniels as Bill Johnson, owner of the malt shop, David/Bud's boss
• Joan Allen as Betty Parker, Bud and Mary Sue's mother
• William H. Macy as George Parker, Bud and Mary Sue's father
• J. T. Walsh as Bob "Big Bob", mayor of Pleasantville
• Don Knotts as TV repairman
• Marley Shelton as Margaret Henderson, a pretty and popular Pleasantville High cheerleader, David/Bud's girlfriend
• Jane Kaczmarek as David and Jennifer's mother
• Reese Witherspoon as Jennifer / Mary Sue Parker
• Natalie Ramsey as the real Mary Sue Parker

• Denise Dowse as health teacher
• Giuseppe Andrews as Howard, David's best friend in the real world
• Marissa Ribisi as Kimmy, one of Jennifer's friends in the real world
• Jenny Lewis as Christin, one of Jennifer's friends in the real world
• Paul Walker as Skip Martin, captain of Pleasantville High's basketball team, Jennifer/Mary Sue's boyfriend
• Maggie Lawson as Lisa Anne, one of Mary Sue's best friends
• Andrea Taylor as Peggy Jane, one of Mary Sue's best friends
• David Tom as "Whitey"

}}

This was the first time that a new feature film was created by scanning and digitizing recorded film footage for the purpose of removing or manipulating colors. The black-and-white-meets-color world portrayed in the movie was filmed entirely in color; in all, approximately 163,000 frames of 35 mm footage were scanned, in order to selectively desaturate and adjust contrast digitally. The scanning was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite, utilizing a Spirit DataCine for scanning at 2K resolution{{cite journal |last=Fisher |first=Bob |date=November 1998 |title=Black & white in color |journal=American Cinematographer |url=https://theasc.com/articles/pleasantville-black-and-white-in-color |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419081453/http://www.theasc.com/protect/nov98/pleasantville/index.htm |archive-date=2015-04-19 |page=1 |url-status=live |quote=Watts suggested using the Philips Spirit DataCine at Cinesite Digital Imaging in Los Angeles for converting the film to data.}} ([https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/ac/ac199811/index.php#/p/62 full article link]) and a MegaDef Colour Correction System from Pandora International. Principal photography took place from March 1 to July 2, 1997.{{citations needed|date=May 2025}}

The death of camera operator Brent Hershman, who fell asleep driving home after a 19-hour workday on the set of the film, resulted in a wrongful death suit, claiming that New Line Cinema, New Line Productions and Juno Pix Inc. were responsible for the death as a result of the lengthy work hours imposed on the set.{{cite news | url=http://www.vulture.com/2012/05/how-long-are-the-days-on-a-movie-set-polone.html | title=Polone: The Unglamorous, Punishing Hours of Working on a Hollywood Set | work=Vulture | date=May 23, 2012 | access-date=August 6, 2013 |last1=Polone |first1=Gavin |author-link1=Gavin Polone}}{{cite news | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-21-me-995-story.html | title=Death After Long Workday Spurs Suit | work=Los Angeles Times | date=December 21, 1997 | access-date=August 6, 2013 |last1=O'Neill |first1=Ann W.}} In response to Hershman's death, crew members launched a petition for 'Brent’s Rule', which would limit workdays to a maximum of 14 hours; the petition was ultimately unsuccessful.{{Cite web |last=Puig |first=Claudia |date=March 22, 1997 |title=Crew Rallies for Shorter Days Following Colleague's Death |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-03-22-ca-40761-story.html |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=Los Angeles Times}}{{Cite web |last=Busch |first=Anita |date=February 1, 2018 |title=Hollywood's Grueling Hours & Drowsy-Driving Problem: Crew Members Speak Out Despite Threat To Careers |url=https://deadline.com/2018/02/hollywood-safety-drowsy-driving-long-work-hours-crew-1202275319/ |access-date=October 20, 2021 |website=Deadline Hollywood}}

The film is dedicated to Hershman, as well as to director Ross's mother, Gail, and actor J. T. Walsh, who also died before the film's release.{{cite news |last1=Bergeron |first1=Michael |title=Gary Ross Interview |url=http://www.freepresshouston.com/gary-ross-interview/ |access-date=April 24, 2015 |work=Free Press Houston |date=April 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503211935/http://www.freepresshouston.com/gary-ross-interview/ |archive-date=May 3, 2016}}

Shortly before and during the film's release, an online contest was held to visit the real Pleasantville, Iowa.{{cite web |title=20 fact you might not know about 'Pleasantville' |url=https://www.yardbarker.com/entertainment/articles/20_fact_you_might_not_know_about_pleasantville/s1__37714351 |website=Yardbarker |access-date=5 September 2023 |date=2022-11-11}} Over 30,000 people entered. The winner, who remained anonymous, declined the trip and opted to receive the $10,000 cash prize instead.

Director Gary Ross stated, "This movie is about the fact that personal repression gives rise to larger political oppression...That when we're afraid of certain things in ourselves or we're afraid of change, we project those fears on to other things, and a lot of very ugly social situations can develop."{{cite news |last=Johnson-Ott |first=Edward |date=1998 |title=Pleasantville (1998) |work=NUVO Newsweekly |url=https://www.imdb.com/reviews/149/14904.html |access-date=April 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717023408/https://www.imdb.com/reviews/149/14904.html |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |url-status=dead}}

Robert Beuka says in his book SuburbiaNation, "Pleasantville is a morality tale concerning the values of contemporary suburban America by holding that social landscape up against both the Utopian and the dystopian visions of suburbia that emerged in the 1950s."{{cite book |last=Beuka |first=Robert |date=2004 |title=SuburbiaNation: Reading Suburban Landscape in Twentieth-Century American Fiction and Film |edition=1st |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn=9781403963673 |pages=14–15}}

Robert McDaniel of Film & History described the town as the perfect place, "It never rains, the highs and lows rest at 72 degrees, the fire department exists only to rescue treed cats, and the basketball team never misses the hoop." However, McDaniel says, "Pleasantville is a false hope. David's journey tells him only that there is no 'right' life, no model for how things are 'supposed to be'."{{cite journal |last=McDaniel |first=Robb |date=2002 |title=Pleasantville (Ross 1998) |journal=Film & History |volume=32 |number=1 |pages=85–86 |url=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/film_and_history/v032/32.1.mcdaniel.pdf}} (link requires Project MUSS access)

Warren Epstein of The Gazette wrote, "This use of color as a metaphor in black-and-white films certainly has a rich tradition, from the over-the-rainbow land in The Wizard of Oz to the girl in the red dress who made the Holocaust real for Oskar Schindler in Schindler's List. In Pleasantville, color represents the transformation from repression to enlightenment. People—and their surroundings—change from black-and-white to color when they connect with the essence of who they really are."{{cite news |last=Epstein |first=Warren |title=True Colors – A Small Town Blossoms when '50s and '90s collide in Pleasantville |work=The Gazette (Colorado Springs)}}

Pleasantville earned $8.9 million during its opening weekend. It would ultimately earn a total of $49.8 million against a $60 million budget, making it a box-office failure.{{cite magazine | last=Wolk | first=Josh | title="Pleasantville" tops the box office, but it's the only new wide release that scored | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,83833,00.html | date=October 26, 1998 | access-date=January 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927133207/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,83833,00.html |archive-date=2011-09-27}}

Pleasantville received positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 86% based on 98 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Filled with lighthearted humor, timely social commentary, and dazzling visuals, Pleasantville is an artful blend of subversive satire and well-executed Hollywood formula."{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/pleasantville|title=Pleasantville|website=Rotten Tomatoes|access-date=April 12, 2025}} Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 71 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.{{Cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/pleasantville|title=Pleasantville|website=Metacritic|access-date=6 December 2016}} Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.cinemascore.com/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=CinemaScore}}

Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four, calling it "one of the best and most original films of the year".{{cite news |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=October 1, 1998 |title=Pleasantville (PG-13) |work=Chicago Sun-Times |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pleasantville-1998 |access-date=March 12, 2013}} Janet Maslin wrote that its "ingenious fantasy" has "seriously belabored its once-gentle metaphor and light comic spirit".{{cite news |author= |date=March 19, 1999 |title=New Video Releases |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/19/movies/new-video-releases-816388.html |access-date=April 8, 2015}} Peter M. Nichols, judging the film for its child-viewing worthiness, jokingly wrote in The New York Times that the town of Pleasantville "makes Father Knows Best look like Dallas".{{cite news |last=Nichols |first=Peter M. |date=November 6, 1998 |title=Taking the Children; Bobby-Soxers and Dinos Brought Back to Life |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/06/movies/taking-the-children-bobby-soxers-and-dinos-brought-back-to-life.html |access-date=April 8, 2015}} Joe Leydon of Variety called it "a provocative, complex and surprisingly anti-nostalgic parable wrapped in the beguiling guise of a commercial high-concept comedy". He commented that some storytelling problems emerge late in the film, but wrote that "Ross is to be commended for refusing to take the easy way out".{{cite web |last=Leydon |first=Joe |title=Review: 'Pleasantville' |work=Variety |date=17 September 1998 |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/reviews/pleasantville-1200455143/ |access-date=2 June 2013}}

Entertainment Weekly wrote a mixed review: "Pleasantville is ultramodern and beautiful. But technical elegance and fine performances mask the shallowness of a story as simpleminded as the '50s TV to which it condescends; certainly it's got none of the depth, poignance, and brilliance of The Truman Show, the recent TV-is-stifling drama that immediately comes to mind."{{cite magazine |title=Pleasantville (1998) |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=October 23, 1998 |url=https://ew.com/article/1998/10/23/pleasantville/ |access-date=March 12, 2013}} Dave Rettig of Christian Answers said: "On a surface level, the message of the film appears to be 'morality is black and white and pleasant, but sin is color and better,' because often through the film the Pleasantvillians become color after sin (adultery, premarital sex, physical assault, etc...). In one scene in particular, a young woman shows a brightly colored apple to young (and not yet colored) David, encouraging him to take and eat it. Very reminiscent of the Genesis's account of the fall of man."{{cite web |title=Pleasantville (1998) |last=Rettig |first=Dave |work=Christian Answers |url=http://www.christiananswers.net/spotlight/movies/pre2000/i-pleasantville.html |access-date=December 11, 2015}}

Time Out New York reviewer Andrew Johnston observed, "Pleasantville doesn't have the consistent internal logic that great fantasies require, and Ross just can't resist spelling everything out for the dim bulbs in the audience. That's a real drag, because the film's fundamental premise—crossing America's nostalgia fixation with Pirandello and the Oz/Narnia/Wonderland archetype—is so damn cool, the film really should have been a masterpiece."{{Cite magazine|last=Johnston|first=Andrew|date=October 22, 1998|title=Pleasantville|magazine=Time Out New York|pages=97}}

Jesse Walker, writing a retrospective in the January 2010 issue of Reason, argued that the film was misunderstood as a tale of kids from the 1990s bringing life into the conformist world of the 1950s. Walker points out that the supposedly outside influences changing the town of Pleasantville—the civil rights movement, J. D. Salinger, modern art, premarital sex, cool jazz and rockabilly—were all present in the 1950s. Pleasantville "contrasts the faux '50s of our TV-fueled nostalgia with the social ferment that was actually taking place while those sanitized shows first aired".{{cite news |url=https://reason.com/archives/2009/12/16/beyond-pleasantville |title=Beyond Pleasantville: Permissiveness wasn't born in the '60s |first=Jesse |last=Walker |date=January 2010 |work=Reason |access-date=4 June 2018}}

Filmmaker Jon M. Chu cited the film, alongside The Truman Show (also released in 1998), as an influence on how the Land of Oz is thematically portrayed in the two-part film adaptation of the musical Wicked (2024-2025), saying "It helps create this idea of the rebelliousness that this new younger generation are discovering ... How far will that take everybody in Oz throughout the course of the whole story of both movies? It's an awakening of a generation. You start to see the truth about things that maybe you were taught differently."{{cite web | url=https://www.syfy.com/syfy-wire/wicked-how-oz-epic-channels-the-truman-show-pleasantville | title=How Fantasy Epic Wicked Unexpectedly Channels... The Truman Show and Pleasantville?! | date=September 23, 2024 }}

{{Infobox album

| name = Pleasantville: Music from the Motion Picture

| type = soundtrack

| artist = various artists

| cover =

| alt =

| released = October 13, 1998

| recorded =

| studio =

| genre = Pop

| length = 47:37

| label = New Line

| producer =

• Jon Brion
• Bruno Coon
• Bonnie Greenberg
• Randy Newman

| prev_title =

| prev_year =

| next_title =

| next_year =

}}

The soundtrack features music from the 1950s and 1960s such as "Be-Bop-A-Lula" by Gene Vincent, "Take Five" by the Dave Brubeck Quartet, "So What" by Miles Davis and "At Last" by Etta James. The main score was composed by Randy Newman; he received an Oscar nomination in the original music category. A score release is also in distribution, although the suite track is only available on the standard soundtrack. Among the Pleasantville DVD "Special Features" is a music-only feature with commentary by Randy Newman.

The music video for Fiona Apple's version of "Across the Universe", directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, uses the set of the diner from the film. AllMusic rated the album two-and-a-half stars out of five.{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r377704|title=Pleasantville: Music from the Motion Picture}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• Millar, Jeff. "[http://www.chron.com/entertainment/movies/article/Pleasantville-1987953.php Pleasantville]" (review). Houston Chronicle. October 23, 1998.

• The Truman Show

{{Wikiquote|Pleasantville}}

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{{Gary Ross}}

{{Steven Soderbergh}}

{{Portal bar|1990s|Film|United States|Comedy}}

Category:1998 films

Category:1998 comedy-drama films

Category:1998 directorial debut films

Category:1998 fantasy films

Category:1990s American films

Category:1990s English-language films

Category:1990s fantasy comedy-drama films

Category:1990s satirical films

Category:1990s teen comedy-drama films

Category:1990s teen fantasy films

Category:American black-and-white films

Category:American fantasy comedy-drama films

Category:American satirical films

Category:American teen comedy-drama films

Category:English-language fantasy comedy-drama films

Category:Fictional television shows

Category:Films about prejudice

Category:Films about television

Category:Films directed by Gary Ross

Category:Films partially in color

Category:Films produced by Jon Kilik

Category:Films produced by Steven Soderbergh

Category:Films scored by Randy Newman

Category:Films set in 1958

Category:Films set in the 1990s

Category:Films with screenplays by Gary Ross

Category:Magic realism films

Category:New Line Cinema films

Category:Nostalgia in the United States

Category:Postmodern films

Category:Satellite Award–winning films

Category:Saturn Award–winning films

Category:Twins in American films