Polycarpon tetraphyllum
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Polycarpon tetraphyllum.jpg
|genus = Polycarpon
|species = tetraphyllum
|authority = L.
|subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
|subdivision = 5; see text
|synonyms_ref={{cite POWO |id=156239-1 |title=Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. |access-date=14 March 2022 }}
|synonyms={{collapsible list|
- Alsine polycarpa {{small|Crantz}}
- Alsine succulenta {{small|Delile}}
- Arenaria succulenta {{small|Ser.}}
- Arversia loeflingiae {{small|(Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Walp.}}
- Hapalosia loeflingiae {{small|Wall. ex Wight & Arn.}}
- Herniaria alsinifolia {{small|(L.) Mill.}}
- Holosteum tetraphyllum {{small|(L.) Thunb.}}
- Illecebrum alsinifolium {{small|Comm. ex Poir.}}
- Illecebrum alsinifolium {{small|L.}}
- Illecebrum frutescens {{small|Comm. ex Schult.}}
- Illecebrum striatum {{small|Pers.}}
- Lahaya memphitica {{small|Schult.}}
- Loeflingia caspica {{small|S.G.Gmel.}}
- Loeflingia indica {{small|Retz.}}
- Mollugo tetraphylla {{small|L.}}
- Paronychia alsinifolia {{small|(L.) Juss.}}
- Paronychia striata {{small|DC.}}
- Polycarpaea alsinifolia {{small|(L.) C.Mohr}}
- Polycarpaea benthamii {{small|Wall.}}
- Polycarpaea depressa {{small|DC.}}
- Polycarpaea lanuginosa {{small|Wall.}}
- Polycarpaea tetraphylla {{small|(L.) E.H.L.Krause}}
- Polycarpon benthamii {{small|Hook.f. & Edgew.}}
- Polycarpon brachypetalum {{small|Gagnep.}}
- Polycarpon depressum {{small|Edgew. & Hook.f.}}
- Polycarpon diphyllum {{small|Cav.}}
- Polycarpon dunense {{small|P.Fraga & Rosselló}}
- Polycarpon floribundum {{small|Willk.}}
- Polycarpon indicum {{small|(Retz.) Merr.}}
- Polycarpon lanuginosum {{small|Edgew. & Hook.f.}}
- Polycarpon loeflingiae {{small|(Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.f.}}
- Polycarpon loeflingiae var. genuinum {{small|Briq.}}
- Polycarpon polyphyllum {{small|Blanco}}
- Polycarpon sauvagei {{small|Mathez}}
- Polycarpon succulentum {{small|Webb & Berthel.}}
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum f. depauperatum {{small|(Merino) Amich}}
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum f. ovalifolium {{small|(Merino) Amich}}
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum var. diphyllum {{small|(Cav.) Romo}}
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum var. fontqueri {{small|O.Bolòs & Vigo}}
- Spergula succulenta {{small|D.Dietr.}}
- Spergularia succulenta {{small|(Delile) G.Don}}
}}}}
Polycarpon tetraphyllum, commonly known as four-leaved allseed (also fourleaf allseed or fourleaf manyseed), is a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. An annual herb growing to 15 cm in height, it is found on sandy soils, in coastal areas and on wasteland. Native to Europe, it is also naturalised in parts of North America, Australia and elsewhere. It is rare in Britain, except in the Scilly Isles.
Description
Polycarpon tetraphyllum is a prostrate, herbaceous, annual plant. The stems produce many branches, and leaves are obovate and glabrous.{{Cite web|title=Polycarpon tetraphyllum var. tetraphyllum|url=https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=81542|access-date=2021-08-04|website=ucjeps.berkeley.edu}}{{Cite web|title=Factsheet - Polycarpon tetraphyllum|url=https://www.iewf.org/weedid/Polycarpon_tetraphyllum.htm|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.iewf.org}}
File:Starr 080415-4001 Polycarpon tetraphyllum.jpg
The inflorescence consists of loose clusters of many small flowers at the end of each stem. The seeds are rounded and 0.4 - 0.5 mm long.
Distribution and habitat
Polycarpon tetraphyllum is native to Southern Europe, Great Britain, the Mediterranean region, the middle east, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of tropical South America. It has been introduced to the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia.{{Cite web|title=Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science|url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:156239-1|access-date=2021-08-04|website=Plants of the World Online|language=en}}
The plant tends to grow in disturbed, shady areas. It is commonly found as a weed growing in crevices in roads, gardens, and fields.{{Cite web|title=PlantNET - FloraOnline|url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Polycarpon~tetraphyllum|access-date=2021-08-04|website=plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au}}
Subspecies
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. apurense {{small|(Kunth) Iamonico & C.A.Zanotti}} – eastern Colombia and Venezuela, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. diphyllum {{small|(Cav.) O.Bolòs & Font Quer}} – Mediterranean basin, Canary Islands, and Madeira
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. dunense {{small|(P.Fraga & Rosselló) Iamonico}} – Balearic Islands (northern Menorca)
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. sauvagei {{small|(Mathez) Iamonico}} – Morocco
- Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum – Great Britain, Germany, southern Europe, North Africa, northeastern tropical Africa, Western Asia, Arabian Peninsula, India, and Sri Lanka
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2907,2986,2988 Jepson Manual Treatment]
- [http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=POTE USDA Plants Profile]
- [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220010818 Flora of North America]
- [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Polycarpon+tetraphyllum Photo gallery]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3232597}}
Category:Flora of North Africa
Category:Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa
Category:Flora of Western Asia
Category:Flora of the Transcaucasus
Category:Flora of the Arabian Peninsula
Category:Flora of India (region)
Category:Flora of Northeast Argentina
Category:Plants described in 1759
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
{{Caryophyllaceae-stub}}