Port of Tanjung Priok

The earliest record of Jakarta as a coastal settlement and port can be traced to the Indianized kingdom of Tarumanagara as early as the fourth century. In AD 39, King Purnawarman established Sunda Pura as the kingdom's new capital city, located on the northern coast of Java.{{cite book|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Jaya, Jakarta|title=Sundakala: cuplikan sejarah Sunda berdasarkan naskah-naskah "Panitia Wangsakerta" Cirebon|year=2005}} Purnawarman left seven memorial stones with inscriptions bearing his name spread across the area, including the present-day Banten and West Java provinces. The Tugu Inscription is considered the oldest of all of them.{{cite book|publisher=Yayasan Cipta Loka Caraka|title=The Sunda Kingdom of West Java From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with the Royal Center of Bogor|year=2007}}

File:Port of Tanjung Priok in 1908.jpg

After Tarumanagara's power declined, all of its territories, including Sunda Pura, became part of the Kingdom of Sunda. The harbour area was renamed Sunda Kelapa, as written in a Hindu monk's lontar manuscripts, which are now located at the Bodleian Library of Oxford University in England, and travel records by Prince Bujangga Manik.{{cite book|publisher=KITLV Press|title=Three Old Sundanese Poems|year=2007}}

By the 14th century, Sunda Kelapa became a major trading port for the kingdom. The first European fleet, four Portuguese ships from Malacca, arrived in 1513 when the Portuguese sought a route for spices, especially black pepper.{{cite book|publisher=Cipta Loka Caraka|title=Sumber-sumber asli sejarah Jakarta, Jilid I: Dokumen-dokumen sejarah Jakarta sampai dengan akhir abad ke-16|year=1999}}

A new harbour was needed for the Dutch East Indies to replace the Sunda Kelapa harbour to the west, which was too small for the increased traffic resulting from the opening of the Suez Canal. Construction on the Port of Tanjung Priok began in 1877, along with Tanjung Priuk railway station and other supporting facilities. The construction of the new harbour was started by Governor General Johan Wilhelm van Lansberge (1875-1881). The new harbour was named Tandjong Priok. Several facilities were built to support the function of the new harbour, such as the Tanjung Priuk Station (1914).Cobban, James L. 1985. "The ephemeral historic district in Jakarta". Geographical Review 75(3):300-318.

The port is part of the Maritime Silk Road, which runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and then to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste, where there are further rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe.[https://www.southworld.net/the-maritime-silk-road-in-south-east-asia/ The Maritime Silk Road in South-East Asia.][https://australiaindonesiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Infrastructure_Investment_in_Indonesia-uffield_Hui_Wilson.pdf Infrastructure Investment in Indonesia][https://port.today/indonesia-plans-transshipment-hub-seeks-investors/ Indonesia plans to become a transshipment hub, seeks investors][https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-to-propose-projects-worth-us91-bilion-for-chinas-belt-and-road Indonesia to propose projects worth US$91 billion for China's Belt and Road]

A container terminal of the port is known as Jakarta International Container Terminal (JICT). It is operated by Hutchison Port Holdings and Pelindo and is the largest container terminal in Indonesia and the country's national hub port.[http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/IDN_Port_of_Jakarta_266.php Port Commerce][http://www.hph.hk/business/ports/asia/jakarta.htm Hutchinson Port Holdings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307191226/http://www.hph.hk/business/ports/asia/jakarta.htm |date=7 March 2009 }} In April 2011, JICT received an Asian Freight and Supply Chain Award (AFSCA) for the best service quality and technology innovation of terminals with less than 4 million twenty-foot equivalent units of handling capacity.{{cite web|title=JICT wins Asian container port award|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/30/jict-wins-asian-container-port-award.html|website=The Jakarta Post|access-date=16 June 2017|language=en}}

File:HMAS Maryborough arriving at Jakarta in February 2017.jpg

The port was among the least efficient in all Southeast Asia, with turn-around times 6 times that of Singapore, and severely congested due to slow customs handling, as well as limited port capacity. Regarding the port capacity, the two-phase "New Priok" extension project is ongoing and is expected to be fully operational in 2023.{{Needs update|date=November 2024}} When fully operational, this New Priok Port (also known as Kalibaru Port) will increase the annual capacity of Tanjung Priok more than triple. Annual capacity will increase from five million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) of containers to 18 million TEU. The port will also be able to facilitate triple-E class container ships (with an 18,000 TEU capacity) in a {{convert|300|m|ft|-wide|adj=mid}} two-way sea lane.{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/09/14/hopes-high-for-priok-port-expansion.html|title=Hopes high for Priok port expansion|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=23 July 2018}}

The first phase of the project was completed in 2016, which has helped to improve the port's performance. The dwelling time in the port, which was once seven days, was reduced to almost three days.{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/09/18/tanjung-priok-port-sets-dwell-time-benchmark.html|title=Tanjung Priok Port sets dwell time benchmark}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/now-indonesia-can-take-large-container-vessels-usually-handled-by-singapore/|title=Now Indonesia Can Take Large Container Vessels Usually Handled by Singapore}} With eight cranes that can move 30 containers per hour and berths that can dock ships with a draft of as much as {{convert|16|m|ft}}, the new terminal, NPT 1, can accommodate container ships with a capacity of up to 15,000 TEUs.{{Cite web|url=https://en.tempo.co/read/news/2017/04/24/056868902/Tanjung-Priok-Welcomes-Larger-Ships|title=Tanjung Priok Welcomes Larger Ships}}{{cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/16/jokowi-releases-first-export-with-giant-ship-to-us.html|title=Jokowi releases first export with giant ship to US|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=23 July 2018}} The terminal has a land area of {{convert|32|ha|acres}}, and the dock length is {{convert|450|m|ft}}. A joint venture between state-run port operator Pelindo II and a Japan-Singapore consortium handled the project under PT New Priok Container Terminal 1 (NPCT1).

File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De haven van Tandjoengpriok op de achtergrond het station Batavia Java TMnr 10008011.jpg.]]

The Port of Tanjung Priok has 20 terminals: general cargo, multipurpose terminal, scraps terminal, passenger terminal, dry bulk terminal, liquid bulk terminal, oil terminal, chemicals terminal and three container terminals. It also has 76 berths, a quay length of {{convert|16,853|m|ft}}, a total storage area of {{convert|661,822|m2|ft2}}, and a storage capacity of 401,468 tonnes.{{Cite web |url=http://www.priokport.co.id/index.php?lang=eng&mod=fasilitas&smod=pokok |title=Port of Tanjung Priok facilities |access-date=24 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524163851/http://www.priokport.co.id/index.php?lang=eng&mod=fasilitas&smod=pokok |archive-date=24 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}

PT Karya Citra Nusantara (KCN) operates Marunda Port, which was built to reduce the burden of bulk handling at Tanjung Priok port terminals. Pier 1 of this port has been operating since 2018, and another two piers are under construction. Once completed, the port will be able to handle about 30 to 35 million tons of bulk per year from 50 ships.{{cite news|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/09/03/new-marunda-port-can-reduce-tanjung-prioks-burden-by-30.html|title=New Marunda Port can reduce Tanjung Priok's burden by 30%|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=3 September 2019}} The port will have three piers/docks with a total length of {{convert|5,350|m|ft}} and a supporting area spreading over {{convert|100|ha|acre}} of land.{{cite news|url=https://ms.thejakartapost.com/kcn-2019/2019/08/30/marunda-port-set-to-create-jobs-boost-local-economy/|title=Marunda Port set to create jobs, boost local economy|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|access-date=3 September 2019}}

{{Portal|Jakarta|Indonesia}}

• List of Indonesian ports
• List of world's busiest container ports
• Ministry of Transportation, Indonesia
• Transport in Indonesia
• Tanjung Priok
• Sunda Kelapa

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