Bulk cargo

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Bulk cargo refers to material in either liquid or granular, particulate (as a mass of relatively small solids) form, such as petroleum/crude oil, grain, coal, or gravel. This cargo is usually dropped or poured, with a spout or shovel bucket, into a bulk carrier ship's hold, railroad car/railway wagon, or tanker truck/trailer/semi-trailer body. Smaller quantities can be boxed (or drummed) and palletised; cargo packaged in this manner is referred to as breakbulk cargo. Bulk cargo is classified as wet or dry.{{Cite book |last=Rodrigue |first=Jean-Paul |url=https://transportgeography.org/contents/chapter5/maritime-transportation/types-maritime-cargo/ |title=The Geography of Transport Systems |publisher=Routledge |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-367-36463-2 |edition=5th |location=New York |chapter=Chapter 5.4: Maritime Transportation}}

The Baltic Exchange is based in London and provides a range of indices benchmarking the cost of moving bulk commodities, dry and wet, along popular routes around the seas. Some of these indices are also used to settle Freight Futures, known as FFA's. The most famous of the Baltic indices is the Baltic Dry Indices, commonly called the BDI. This is a derived function of the Baltic Capesize index (BCI), Baltic Panamax index (BPI), Baltic Supramax index (BSI) and the Baltic Handysize index (BHSI). The BDI has been used as a bellwether for the global economy as it can be interpreted as an indicator of an increase or decrease in the amount of raw commodities countries are importing/exporting.

Dry bulk is any cargo carried in bulk in solid form. Such carriage is often referred to as the "dry" trades.{{Cite book|title = Dry Cargo Chartering|publisher = Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers|year = 2013|location = London|pages = 38}} They would include:

File:LightningVolt Iron Ore Pellets.jpg pellets will be used in steel production.]]

• Bauxite
• Bulk minerals (sand, gravel, copper, limestone, salt)
• Cements
• Chemicals (fertilizer, plastic granules and pellets, resin powder, synthetic fiber)
• Coals and cokes
• Agricultural products such as dry edibles (for animals or humans: alfalfa pellets, citrus pellets, livestock feed, flour, peanuts, raw or refined sugar, seeds or starches.)
• Grains (wheat, maize, rice, barley, oats, rye, sorghum, soybeans, etc.)
• Iron (ferrous and non-ferrous ores, ferroalloys, pig iron, scrap metal, pelletized taconite)
• Wood chips

Liquid bulk cargo includes any cargo carried in closed tanks and poured or pumped into the carrying vessel, such as:

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• Hazardous chemicals in liquid form
• Petroleum
• Gasoline
• Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
• Liquid nitrogen
• Cooking oil
• Fruit juices
• Rubber
• Vegetable oil

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File:BFIX 520 20050716 Illinois Railway Museum.JPG|A milk tank car for bulk loading.

Image:LO DME 49328.jpg|DME 49328, a covered hopper owned and operated by the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad

Image:Heyl_&_Patterson_Rotary_Railcar_Dumper.jpg|A rotary car dumper

Image:Schüttgutbeladung eines Feederschiffs mit Rapsschrot.jpg|Bulk loading of a feeder ship with rapeseed meal

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• Port of Port Hedland, Australia
• Port of Rotterdam
• Port of Vancouver
• Port of Liverpool
• Port of Tyne
• Port of Amsterdam
• Port of Hamilton (Canada)

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• Bulk material handling
• Covered hopper
• Flexible intermediate bulk container (bigbag)
• Harmonized System
• Hopper car
• Lake freighter
• Loading gauge
• Maritime transport
• Milk tank car
• Neo-bulk cargo
• Rotary car dumper
• Selfdischarger
• Tank car
• Tank truck
• World's busiest port

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• {{cite book|last1=Bliault|first1=Charles|last2=Jonas|first2=Martin|last3=The North of England P&I Association|title=Bulk Cargoes: A Guide to Good Practice|date=2016|publisher=The North of England P&I Association|location=UK|isbn=978-0-9574936-3-6|pages=280|edition=First|id= {{ASIN|0957493630|country=uk}}}}
• {{cite book |last=George |first=William |title=Stability and Trim for the Ship's Officer |year=2005 |publisher=Cornell Maritime Press |location=Centreville, MD |isbn=978-0-87033-564-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/stabilitytrimfor0000unse }}
• {{cite book |last=Hayler |first=William B. |author2=Keever, John M. |title=American Merchant Seaman's Manual |year=2003 |publisher= Cornell Maritime Pr |isbn= 0-87033-549-9 }}
• {{cite book |author=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |author-link=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |title=Review of Maritime Transport, 2006 |url=http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2006_en.pdf |year=2006 |publisher=United Nations |location=New York and Geneva |access-date=2008-12-04 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728143716/http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2006_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |author=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) |author-link=United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |title=Review of Maritime Transport, 2007 |url=http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2007_en.pdf |year=2007 |publisher=United Nations |location=New York and Geneva }}

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Category:Bulk material handling