Proud Mary

In a 1969 interview, John Fogerty said that he wrote it in the two days after he was discharged from the National Guard.{{Pop Chronicles |54| 5|John Fogerty}} In the liner notes for the 2008 expanded reissue of the Creedence Clearwater Revival album Bayou Country, Joel Selvin explained that the songs for the album started when Fogerty was in the National Guard, that the riffs for "Proud Mary", "Born on the Bayou", and "Keep on Chooglin'" were conceived by Fogerty at a concert in the Avalon Ballroom, and "Proud Mary" was arranged from parts of different songs, one of which was about a washerwoman named Mary. The line "Left a good job in the city" was written following Fogerty's discharge from the National Guard, and the line "rollin' on the river" was from a movie by Will Rogers.{{cite magazine|first=Michael|last=Goldberg|editor-first=Jann S.|editor-last=Wenner| editor-link = Jann Wenner|year=1993|title=Fortunate Son: John Fogerty – The 1993 Rolling Stone Interview|magazine=Rolling Stone|location=United States|access-date=December 29, 2010|url=http://riverising.tripod.com/john-interviews/rollingstone2.html}}

The Proud Mary, more formally known as the Mary Elizabeth, was a real ship and was based in Memphis, Tennessee. The Proud Mary traveled along the Mississippi River from 1928 to 1978.{{cite web | url=https://www.jimmyogle.com/proudmary.htm | title=Jimmy Ogle - Proud Mary }}

{{Blockquote|"Proud Mary's" singer, a low-wage earner, leaves what he considers a "good job," which he might define as steady work, even though for long hours under a dictatorial boss. He decides to follow his impulse and imagination and hitches a ride on a riverboat queen, bidding farewell to the city. Only when the boat pulls out does he see the "good side of the city"—which, for him, is one in the distance, far removed from his life. Down by the river and on the boat, the singer finds protection from "the man" and salvation from his working-class pains in the nurturing spirit and generosity of simple people who "are happy to give" even "if you have no money." The river in Fogerty and traditionally in literature and song is a place holding biblical and epical implications. ... Indeed, the river in "Proud Mary" offers not only escape but also rebirth to the singer.Kitts, Thomas M. (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8OxzCgAAQBAJ&q=%22proud+mary%22 John Fogerty: An American Son], {{unpaginated}}. Routledge. {{ISBN|9781317961253}}.}}

The song is a "seamless mix of black and white roots music."Campbell, Michael and Brody, James (2007). Rock and Roll: An Introduction, second edition, p.237-8. Cengage Learning. {{ISBN|9781111794538}} Fogerty explained that he liked Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 and wanted to open a song with a similar intro (descending by a third), implying the way "Proud Mary" opens with the repeated C chord to A chord. Fogerty wanted to evoke male gospel harmonies, as exemplified by groups he was familiar with such as the Swan Silvertones, the Sensational Nightingales, and the Five Blind Boys of Mississippi; especially on the line, "Rollin', rollin', rollin' on the river"; and in the guitar solo he did his "best [imitation of] Steve Cropper."Fogerty, John (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=PwZ4BgAAQBAJ&q=%22proud+mary%22 Fortunate Son: My Life, My Music], {{unpaginated}}. Little, Brown. {{ISBN|9780316244565}}. The basic track for "Proud Mary", as with the other songs on the album, was recorded by John Fogerty (lead guitar), Tom Fogerty (rhythm guitar), Stu Cook (bass), and Doug Clifford (drums) at RCA Studios in Hollywood, California, with John overdubbing instruments and all the vocals later.

Billboard described "Proud Mary" as a "driving blues item with a strong beat."{{cite news|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=February 20, 2021|date=January 4, 1969|page=48|title=Spotlight Singles|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-01-04.pdf}} Cash Box described it as "a steady moving mid-speed chunk of funk and rhythm that will make itself felt in both pop and underground spots."{{cite news|title=CashBox Record Reviews|date=January 4, 1969|page=15|access-date=December 8, 2021|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1969/CB-1969-01-04.pdf|newspaper=Cash Box}} Cash Box ranked it as the No. 55 single of 1969.{{cite news|title=Top 100 Chart Hits of 1969|newspaper=Cash Box|date=December 27, 1969|access-date=December 8, 2021|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/60s/1969/CB-1969-12-27.pdf|page=22}}

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{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Creedence Clearwater Revival|title=Proud Mary|award=Platinum|number=2|type=single|relyear=1971|access-date=December 16, 2024|certyear=2024|source=radioscope}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=Spain|type=single|title=Proud Mary|artist=Creedence Clearwater Revival|award=Gold|relyear=1971|certyear=2024}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|title=Proud Mary|artist=Creedence Clearwater Revival|award=Silver|relyear=2005|certyear=2021|id=14412-1136-1|access-date=January 7, 2022}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=single|title=Proud Mary|artist=Creedence Clearwater Revival|award=Platinum|number=2|relyear=1971|certyear=2019}}

{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|noshipments=true|streaming=true}}

{{Infobox song

| name = Proud Mary

| cover =

| alt =

| type = single

| artist = Solomon Burke

| album = Proud Mary

| B-side = What Am I Living For

| released = April 1969

| recorded = 1969

| studio =

| venue =

| genre = Country soul

| length = 3:26

| label = Bell Records
783

| writer = John Fogerty

| producer =

| prev_title =

| prev_year =

| next_title =

| next_year =

}}

In April 1969, Solomon Burke released a cover of Proud Mary on Bell Records.{{Cite magazine |date=April 19, 1969 |title=Spotlight Singles: Top 20 R&B |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/Billboard%201969-04-19.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=77}} Burke mixed gospel and country music to make the song as a celebration of black consciousness. It was the title track of his 1969 album Proud Mary.{{Cite magazine |date=June 21, 1969 |title=Album Reviews |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-06-21.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=56}}

The single was Burke's second release for Bell and was co-produced by singer Tamiko Jones.{{Cite book |last=Myers |first=Marc |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gIv1DAAAQBAJ&dq=Checkmates+proud+mary+phil+spector&pg=RA2-PA1955 |title=Anatomy of a Song: The Oral History of 45 Iconic Hits That Changed Rock, R&B and Pop |date=2016-11-01 |publisher=Open Road + Grove/Atlantic |isbn=978-0-8021-8965-3 |pages=1955 |language=en}} Jones was being rehabilitated after a bout of polio and was at the time Burke's fiancée and manager.{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=John S. |date=1971-01-14 |title=CAREER RESUMED BY TAMIKO JONES |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/14/archives/career-resumed-by-tamiko-jones-recent-polio-victim-presents-songs.html |access-date=2023-08-26 |issn=0362-4331}}Cordell S. Thompson, "New York Beat", Jet (October 8, 1970):63. Burke recalled:

We went to Muscle Shoals and recorded Proud Mary, which they didn't like at all. They thought it was stupid to record a song Proud Mary, which was already on the charts. I was explaining to them that it was a very big record, but it's a very white record, a pop record. We will redo the record, open up the doors for it to get on the r&b charts and make the black stations to play the record ... This record was a hit without anybody's help. Proud Mary was only promoted by Tamiko Jones and myself.{{Cite web |title=Tribute to Solomon Burke |url=https://www.soulexpress.net/solomonburke_tribute.htm |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www.soulexpress.net}}

The song returned Burke to the US R&B Top 20, with the single reaching No. 15 on the Billboard R&B chart and No. 45 on the Billboard Hot 100.{{Cite web |title=Proud Mary (song by Solomon Burke) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts |url=https://www.musicvf.com/song.php?title=Proud+Mary+by+Solomon+Burke&id=38423 |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=www.musicvf.com}} Burke stated in a 2002 interview: "I was in Vegas for sixteen weeks at the Sands Hotel. I missed this record being a hit, because we weren't there to promote the record, we had no backing. The greatest thing I ever did was tell Ike Turner, 'Hey man, you should get on this record ... I think you and Tina could tear this thing up.'"Solomon Burke, in James Porter, [http://www.roctober.com/roctober/solomonburke.html "Songs of Solomon: Solomon Burke Interview"], Roctober 33 (2002)

Critical reception

The single received positive reviews.

According to Mark Denning, "While that may have seemed like a bald-faced bid for pop radio play, in Burke's hands the song became a bracing tale of life in the Deep South as African-Americans searched for liberation aboard the ship that carried them as slaves and put them to undignified labor serving wealthy whites."[http://www.billboard.com/artist/the-soul-clan/chart-history/418664#/album/solomon-burke/proud-mary/26666/review The Soul Clan Album & Song Chart History]. Billboard.com (July 27, 1968). Retrieved on April 7, 2011.

John Fogerty, the song's composer, was impressed by Burke's version of his song: "Two thousand miles away this man had crawled right up inside my head to learn what 'Proud Mary' was all about. Sure, it's great when someone sings your song, but when he understands it, you listen like it was the first time."Mojo, Issues 158–161 (EMAP Performance Ltd., 2007).

Chart performance

{{Infobox song

| name = Proud Mary

| cover =

| alt =

| type = single

| artist = Checkmates, Ltd. featuring Sonny Charles

| album = Love Is All We Have to Give

| B-side = Do You Love Your Baby

| released = September 1969

| recorded = 1969

| studio =

| venue =

| genre = Soul

| length = 3:30

| label = A&M Records
1130X

| writer =

| producer =

| prev_title = Black Pearl

| prev_year = 1969

| next_title = I Keep Forgettin'

| next_year = 1970

}}

Checkmates, Ltd. recorded a version of "Proud Mary" featuring Sonny Charles, which was produced by Phil Spector in 1969.

The single was released on A&M Records in September 1969.{{Cite magazine |date=September 27, 1969 |title=Spotlight Singles: Top 60 Pop Spotlight |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-09-27.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=84}} It reached No. 69 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 30 on the U.K. Singles Chart.{{Cite web |title=Proud Mary (song by Checkmates Ltd.) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts |url=https://www.musicvf.com/song.php?title=Proud+Mary+by+Checkmates+Ltd.&id=8406 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.musicvf.com}}

Chart performance

{{Infobox song

| name = Proud Mary

| cover = Proud Mary - Ike & Tina Turner.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Picture sleeve (Spain)

| type = single

| artist = Ike & Tina Turner

| album = Workin' Together

| B-side = {{ubl|"Funkier Than a Mosquita's Tweeter" (U.S.)|"Honky Tonk Women" (Intl.)}}

| released = January 14, 1971

| recorded = 1970

| studio = Bolic Sound (Inglewood, California)

| genre = {{hlist|Funk rock|soul|R&B{{cite magazine|author=|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/tina-turner-best-songs-1234741225/a-fool-in-love-1960-1234741295/|title=Tina Turner: 15 Essential Songs|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=24 May 2023|access-date=24 May 2023|quote= ...her indelible revamp of this Creedence Clearwater Revival hit, which starts out at half-time before exploding into a frenzied R&B showstopper.}}}}

| length = 4:48 (album), 3:15 (7-inch single)

| label = Liberty Records

| writer = John Fogerty

| producer = Ike Turner

| prev_title = Workin' Together

| prev_year = 1970

| next_title = Ooh Poo Pah Doo

| next_year = 1971

}}

{{Infobox song

| name = Proud Mary

| cover = TinaTurner ProudMary.jpg

| alt =

| border = yes

| type = single

| artist = Tina Turner

| album =
What's Love Got to Do with It

| B-side = Disco Inferno

| released = November 19, 1993

| recorded = 1993

| studio = Record Plant

| venue =

| genre = {{hlist|Rock|soul}}

| length = 5:27

| label = Parlophone

| writer = John Fogerty

| producer = {{hlist|Chris Lord-Alge|Tina Turner|Roger Davies}}

| prev_title = Why Must We Wait Until Tonight

| prev_year = 1993

| next_title = GoldenEye

| next_year = 1995

| misc = {{External music video|header=Official audio|{{YouTube|Gciy9oG5678|"Proud Mary"}}}}

}}

In January 1971, Ike & Tina Turner released "Proud Mary" on Liberty Records as the second single from their 1970 album Workin' Together.{{Cite magazine|date=January 23, 1971|title=Spotlight Singles - Top 20 Pop Spotlight|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-23.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=70}} Their rendition differs greatly from the structure of the original, but is also well-known and became one of Tina Turner's most recognizable signature songs.

According to Tina, Ike was not keen on the original version, but the cover of "Proud Mary" by the Checkmates, Ltd. piqued his interest.{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/itina00turn|title=I, Tina: My Life Story|last1=Turner|first1=Tina|last2=Loder|first2=Kurt|publisher=William Morrow and Company|year=1986|isbn=9780670808731|location=New York}} Ike and Tina Turner's version was substantially rearranged by Ike Turner and Soko Richardson.[http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/postcard2/20040130/021485.html Soko Richardson] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006191201/http://lists.drizzle.com/pipermail/postcard2/20040130/021485.html |date=October 6, 2007 }} press release from [http://www.pressnetwork.com/ pressnetwork.com] January 30, 2004[https://web.archive.org/web/20040508222637/http://www.paiste.com/news/viewnews.php?newsid=4 Noted Soul Drummer Soko Richardson Dies] Paiste Cymbals, February 2004 The song starts off with a slow, sultry soulful tone in which Tina introduces the song and warns the audience that she and the band are gonna start it off "nice and easy" as "we never do nothing nice and easy" but say they would finish it "nice and rough". After the lyrics are first sung softly by the Turners, the song is then turned into a funk rock vamp with Tina and the Ikettes delivering gospel-influenced vocals.

The single peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on March 27, 1971, two years after the original by Creedence Clearwater Revival was at its peak. It also reached No. 5 on the Billboard R&B chart, and earned the duo a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group at the 14th Annual Grammy Awards in 1972.{{Cite magazine|date=March 25, 1972|title=1971 Grammy Champions|url=https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1972/BB-1972-03-25.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=6}}

Ike and Tina performed a version of the song on Playboy After Dark on December 3, 1969; episode aired on February 3, 1970.{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/music/hugh-hefner-dead-playboy-after-dark-music-performances/|title=15 Electrifying Musical Performances from Hugh Hefner's Playboy After Dark|last=Runtagh|first=Jordan|date=September 28, 2017|website=People}} They also performed it on The Ed Sullivan Show on January 11, 1970; in the film It's Your Thing (1970); and on a Soul Train episode aired on April 22, 1972.{{cite AV media notes|title=The Best of Soul Train Live|year=2011|type=booklet|publisher=Time Life}} The song became a staple in all of their live shows. Live versions of the song were released on the albums Live at Carnegie Hall (1971) and Live In Paris (1971).

The song continued to be an essential part of Tina's performances as a solo artist. In 1988, a live version was included on the album Tina Live in Europe. In the 1993 biopic What's Love Got to Do with It, the song is performed in a timeline of events in Ike (Laurence Fishburne) and Tina Turner (Angela Bassett)'s career in which the couple are transformed from an opening act for the Rolling Stones to a major headlining act in the 1970s. Tina re-recorded the song for the biopic's 1993 soundtrack album of the same name. This track was released as a promotional single issued to radio stations and DJs. Tina Turner's solo performance was later included on her 2004 greatest hits album All the Best. After contestants Diva Fever's take on the song on series 7 of The X Factor in 2010, it entered the UK Singles Chart at No. 62 and the Scottish Singles Chart at No. 40. Another live version was released in 2009 on the Tina Live album. It was recorded on March 21, 2009, in Arnhem, Netherlands as part of Turner's 50th Anniversary Tour. Tina also performed duets of "Proud Mary" with Beyoncé and Cher.

The song received positive reviews.{{Cite magazine|date=January 23, 1971|title=Picks of the Week|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Record-World/70s/71/RW-1971-01-23.pdf|magazine=Record World|pages=1}}

Billboard (January 23, 1971): "The John Fogerty classic gets a powerhouse treatment with the Turner originality and drive to put it back up the Hot 100 and soul charts. Dynamite entry."{{Cite magazine|date=January 23, 1971|title=Spotlight Singles: Top 20 Pop Spotlight|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1971/Billboard%201971-01-23.pdf|magazine=Billboard|pages=70}}

Cash Box (January 23, 1971): "Slow intro almost belies the power that grows into this revival of the Creedence monument. R&B sales could build enough momentum to put the side into top forty again."{{Cite magazine|date=January 23, 1971|title=Singles Reviews|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Cash-Box/70s/1971/Cash-Box-1971-01-23.pdf|magazine=Cash Box|pages=22}}

1971 US 7-inch

1. "Proud Mary" – 3:15
2. "Funkier Than a Mosquito's Tweeter" – 2:40

1993 US 7-inch and cassette single

1. "Proud Mary" (Edit Live Version) – 4:32
2. "The Best" (Live) – 5:22

1993 US CD single

1. "Proud Mary" (Edit Live Version) – 4:32
2. "Proud Mary" (Edit) – 4:10
3. "We Don't Need Another Hero (Thunderdome)" (Live) – 4:55
4. "The Best" (Live) – 5:22

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Ike and Tina Turner

Tina Turner solo version

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{{Certification Table Top|caption=Certifications for "Proud Mary" by Ike & Tina Turner or Tina Turner}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=New Zealand|artist=Tina Turner|title=Proud Mary|award=Platinum|type=single|relyear=1993|access-date=December 16, 2024|certyear=2022|source=radioscope}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United Kingdom|type=single|title=Proud Mary|artist=Tina Turner|award=Platinum|relyear=2004|certyear=2022|id=14412-1146-1|note=Solo version|access-date=July 19, 2022}}

{{Certification Table Entry|region=United States|type=single|title=Proud Mary|artist=Ike and Tina Turner|award=Gold|relyear=1971|certyear=1971|note=Duet version}}

{{Certification Table Bottom|nosales=true|streaming=true}}

For their rendition, Ike & Tina Turner won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance by a Group in 1972. Both Creedence Clearwater Revival's and Ike & Tina Turner's versions of the song received Grammy Hall of Fame Awards, in 1998 and 2003, respectively.{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame#p|title=Grammy Hall of Fame|website=Grammy Awards|publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences|location=United States|access-date=January 10, 2011|archive-date=February 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110219001619/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/awards/hall-of-fame#p|url-status=dead}} "Proud Mary" ranked at No. 155 on Rolling Stone{{'}}s 2004 list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs|title=The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time|date=December 9, 2004|magazine=Rolling Stone|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622142703/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/coverstory/500songs|archive-date=June 22, 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=April 10, 2008}}

In 1969, Anthony Armstrong Jones released a version of "Proud Mary" that reached No. 22 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.{{Cite magazine |date=August 30, 1969 |title=Hot Country Singles |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/BB-1969-08-30.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=46}} The song served as the title track of his debut album.{{Cite magazine |date=September 20, 1969 |title=Album Reviews |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-All-Music/Billboard/60s/1969/Billboard%201969-09-20.pdf |magazine=Billboard |pages=66}}

In 1970, the song was recorded by Leonard Nimoy, in his album The New World of Leonard Nimoy.

In 1972, Brush Arbor released a version of "Proud Mary" that reached No. 56 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.{{Cite web |title=Proud Mary (song by Brush Arbor) ••• Music VF, US & UK hits charts |url=https://www.musicvf.com/song.php?title=Proud+Mary+by+Brush+Arbor&id=107128 |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=www.musicvf.com}}

Elvis Presley began incorporating "Proud Mary" into his live shows in 1970. Presley's version is a full-out rocker and is featured in his 1972 concert film Elvis on Tour, and on his live albums On Stage (1970) and As Recorded at Madison Square Garden (1972).

Neil Sedaka performed a live version of "Proud Mary" at a concert he gave in Sydney, Australia in 1971 and appeared on his live album Neil Sedaka On Stage.

The 2011 soundtrack to Bringing Up Bobby, an American comedy drama film, contained a Ukrainian language version of Proud Mary, performed by actress Milla Jovovich.{{Cite web | title = Bringing up Famke | last = DeYoung | first = Bill | publisher = Connect Savannah | date = 2011-11-01 | url = http://www.connectsavannah.com/news/article/105140/ | accessdate = 2023-05-17 }}

Amanda Ayala performed a rendition of "Proud Mary" in 2019 on Topgolf TV's Who Will Rock You?. The performance was subsequently released exclusively on Spotify.

Prince performed a sample of "Proud Mary" during his 2007 Super Bowl XLI halftime Show performance.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/prince-277-1343750|title=Prince plays Super Bowl halftime show|website=Nme.com|date=February 5, 2007|access-date=December 12, 2021}}

The Longest Johns performed a studio version of the song on their 2024 album Voyage.

In March 2025, a version adapted and arranged by Argentine musicians and producers was included in the "Indoor Sessions" series at Estudio de Grabación del Ombú. Based on a live performance that Tina Turner made together with Beyoncé, it was filmed and recorded live from the studio and released on YouTube.

{{Reflist}}

• {{YouTube|_MqKttEyYKc|Creedence Clearwater Revival - Proud Mary}}
• {{YouTube|0lfT9TWAaMY|Ike & Tina Turner - Proud Mary}}

{{Creedence}}

{{Ike & Tina Turner}}

{{Tina Turner singles}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1968 songs

Category:1969 singles

Category:1971 singles

Category:1993 singles

Category:Songs written by John Fogerty

Category:Creedence Clearwater Revival songs

Category:Ike & Tina Turner songs

Category:Tina Turner songs

Category:Number-one singles in South Africa

Category:Checkmates, Ltd. songs

Category:Solomon Burke songs

Category:Anthony Armstrong Jones songs

Category:Song recordings produced by John Fogerty

Category:Fantasy Records singles

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Category:Liberty Records singles

Category:Bell Records singles

Category:Songs about Memphis, Tennessee

Category:Songs about the Mississippi River

Category:Song recordings produced by Ike Turner

Category:Swamp rock songs

Category:Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients

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