Ptychoceratodus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Ptychoceratodus serratus.JPG

| image_caption = Skull roof bones and jaws of Ptychoceratodus serratus

| fossil_range = Early Triassic-Middle Jurassic
~{{fossilrange|251|163}}

| parent_authority = Martin, 1982

| taxon = Ptychoceratodus

| authority = Jaekel, 1926

| type_species = {{extinct}}Ptychoceratodus phillipsi

| type_species_authority = Agassiz, 1837

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = {{hidden||

• {{extinct}}P. acutus Priem, 1924 (vide Martin, 1982)M. Martin. 1982. Nouvelles données sur la phylogénie et la systématique des dipneustes postpaléozoïques [New data on the phylogeny and systematics of post-Paleozoic dipnoans]. Comptes Rendues de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Série II 294:611-614
• {{extinct}}P. cionei Apestigua et al., 2007S. Apesteguia, F. L. Agnolin, and K. Claeson. 2007. Review of Cretaceous dipnoans from Argentina (Sarcopterygii: Dipnoi) with descriptions of new species. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales nueva serie 9(1):27-40
• {{extinct}}P. concinnus Meyer and Pleninger, 1844 (vide Martin, 1982)H. v. Meyer and T. Plieninger. 1844. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Württemberg’s, enthaltend die Fossilen Wirbelthierreste aus den Triasgebilden mit Besonderer Rücksicht auf die Labyrinthodonten des Keupers [Contributions to the Paleontology of Württemberg, Including the Fossil Vertebrate Remains from the Triassic Formations with Special Regard to the Labyrinthodonts of the Keupers] 1-132
• {{extinct}}P. cuyanus Agnolin et al., 2017F. L. Agnolin, S. Bogan, F. Brissón Egli, F. E. Novas, M. P. Isasi, C. Marsicano, A. Zavattieri and A. Mancuso. 2017. A new lungfish (Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic of South America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37(1):e1245665
• {{extinct}}P. donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968 (vide Martin, 1982)
• {{extinct}}P. gracilis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968
• {{extinct}}P. oldhami Bhat & Ray, 2018
• {{extinct}}P. ornatus Broom, 1908 (vide Martin, 1982)
• {{extinct}}P. phillipsi Agassiz, 1837 (vide Martin, 1982)L. Agassiz. 1838. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 11). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 73-140
• {{extinct}}P. rectangulus Linck, 1936 (vide Martin, 1982)
• {{extinct}}P. serratus Agassiz, 1838 (vide Apestigua et al., 2007)
• {{extinct}}P. szecuhanensis Young, 1942 (vide Martin, 1982)C.-C. Young. 1942. Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 22(-34):293-309
• {{extinct}}P. viropa Oldham, 1859 (vide Martin, 1982)
• {{extinct}}P. wichmanni Apestigua et al., 2007

}}

| synonyms = {{hidden||

• Ceratodus acutus Priem, 1924
• Ceratodus concinnus Meyer & Pleninger, 1844
• Ceratodus donensis Vorobyeva and Minikh, 1968
• Ceratodus ornatus Broom, 1908
• Ceratodus phillipsi Agassiz, 1836
• Ceratodus rectangulus Linck, 1936
• Ceratodus serratus Agassiz, 1838
• Ceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942
• Ferganoceratodus szechuanensis Young, 1942
• Ceratodus viropa Oldham, 1859

}}

}}

Ptychoceratodus is an extinct genus of lungfish living from Early Triassic to Middle Jurassic. It was established by Otto Jaekel for one species (P. runcinatus), transferred from Ceratodus genus.{{Cite journal|last=Skrzycki|first=Piotr|date=2015-09-03|title=New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2015.964357|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|language=en|volume=35|issue=5|pages=e964357|doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.964357|bibcode=2015JVPal..35E4357S |s2cid=83615924 |issn=0272-4634}} Type species is P. serratus from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and Germany.{{Cite journal|last=Schultze|first=Hans-Peter|title=Das Schädeldach eines ceratodontiden Lungenfisches aus der Trias Süddeutschlands (Dipnoi, Pisces).|journal=Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)|volume=70|pages=1–31}} Ptychoceratodus had two pairs of massive dental plates, bearing 4-6 acute ridges. Its skull roof was composed from massive, plate-like bones. In the central part of skull roof was localized an unossified fenestra. Most of the Ptychoceratodus findings are isolated dental plates, some associated with jaws. Other parts of skull or postcranial skeleton are relatively rarely found as fossils. The anatomy of skull is the best recognized in P. serratus, whereas less complete cranial material is available also for P. concinuus, P. phillipsi, and P. rectangulus. Although Ptychoceratodus is known exclusively from the Triassic and Jurassic,{{Cite journal|last1=Kemp|first1=Anne|last2=Cavin|first2=Lionel|last3=Guinot|first3=Guillaume|date=April 2017|title=Evolutionary history of lungfishes with a new phylogeny of post-Devonian genera|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=471|pages=209–219|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.12.051|bibcode=2017PPP...471..209K |doi-access=free}} there were also Cretaceous specimens referred to this genus. However, they are more often regarded as representants of Metaceratodus.{{Cite journal|last1=Cione|first1=Alberto L.|last2=Gouiric-Cavalli|first2=Soledad|date=June 2012|title=Metaceratodus kaopen comb. nov. and M. wichmanni comb. nov., two Late Cretaceous South American species of an austral lungfish genus (Dipnoi)|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03115518.2012.621804|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology|language=en|volume=36|issue=2|pages=203–216|doi=10.1080/03115518.2012.621804|bibcode=2012Alch...36..203C |hdl=11336/95661 |s2cid=129153266 |issn=0311-5518|hdl-access=free}} Ptychoceratodus is the only member of the family Ptychoceratodontidae.{{Cite journal|last=Skrzycki|first=Piotr|date=2015-09-03|title=New species of lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic Krasiejów site in Poland, with remarks on the ontogeny of Triassic dipnoan tooth plates|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=35|issue=5|pages=e964357|doi=10.1080/02724634.2015.964357|bibcode=2015JVPal..35E4357S |s2cid=83615924|issn=0272-4634}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j--XRbVl2DoC&q=Ptychoceratodus&pg=PA50|title=Fishes and the Break-up of Pangaea|last1=Cavin|first1=Lionel|last2=Longbottom|first2=A. E.|last3=Richter|first3=Martha|date=2008|publisher=Geological Society of London|isbn=9781862392489|language=en}} The first named species is P. phillipsi by Louis Agassiz in 1837 as a species of Ceratodus and later moved to the genus Ptychoceratodus. Occurrences of Ptychoceratodus come mainly from Europe.{{Cite journal|last1=Skrzycki|first1=Piotr|last2=Niedźwiedzki|first2=Grzegorz|last3=Tałanda|first3=Mateusz|date=May 2018|title=Dipnoan remains from the Lower-Middle Triassic of the Holy Cross Mountains and northeastern Poland, with remarks on dipnoan palaeobiogeography|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031018217301207|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology|language=en|volume=496|pages=332–345|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.049|bibcode=2018PPP...496..332S }} However, occurrences from other continents suggest it was dispersed globally during the Triassic. After 2010, the new fossil material behind the Europe was reported from South America,{{Cite journal|last1=Agnolín|first1=Federico L.|last2=Bogan|first2=Sergio|last3=Egli|first3=Federico Brissón|last4=Novas|first4=Fernando E.|last5=Isasi|first5=Marcelo P.|last6=Marsicano|first6=Claudia|last7=Zavattieri|first7=Ana|last8=Mancuso|first8=Adriana|date=2017-01-02|title=A new lungfish (Dipnoi) from the Late Triassic of South America|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2017.1245665|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|language=en|volume=37|issue=1|pages=e1245665|doi=10.1080/02724634.2017.1245665|bibcode=2017JVPal..37E5665A |s2cid=132292539 |issn=0272-4634|hdl=11336/48739|hdl-access=free}} India,{{Cite journal|author1=Mohd Shafi Bhat|author2=Sanghamitra Ray|year=2020|title=A record of new lungfishes (Osteichthyes: Dipnoi) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of India|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology|volume=32|issue=3|pages=428–437|doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1499020|bibcode=2020HBio...32..428B |s2cid=92040062}} and Greenland{{Cite journal|last1=Pawlak|first1=Wojciech|last2=Tałanda|first2=Mateusz|last3=Sulej|first3=Tomasz|last4=Niedźwiedzki|first4=Grzegorz|date=2020|title=Dipnoan from the Upper Triassic of East Greenland and remarks about palaeobiogeography of Ptychoceratodus|url=http://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app006792019.html|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica|volume=65|doi=10.4202/app.00679.2019|s2cid=219423302 |doi-access=free}}