Pukawa#Lake Taupō Bays statistical area
{{short description|Settlement in Waikato, New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Pukawa
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Rural locality
| image_skyline = Pukawa marae.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Wharenui, Manunui-a-Ruakapanga Marae
| etymology =
| nickname =
| image_map = {{infobox mapframe|coord={{coord|38|55.0|S|175|45.3|E}}|zoom=9}}
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|38|55.0|S|175|45.3|E|region:NZ_type:city(200)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = New Zealand
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = Waikato region
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Taupō District
| subdivision_type3 = Ward
| subdivision_name3 = Turangi-Tongariro General Ward
| leader_title = Territorial Authority
| leader_name = Taupō District Council
| leader_title1 = Regional council
| leader_name1 = Waikato Regional Council
| leader_title2 = Mayor of Taupō
| leader_name2 = {{NZ officeholder data|Taupō District Mayor|y}}
| leader_title3 = Taupō MP
| leader_name3 = {{NZ officeholder data|Taupō MP|y}}
| leader_title4 = Waiariki MP
| leader_name4 = {{NZ officeholder data|Waiariki MP|y}}
| seat_type = Electorates
| seat = {{ubl|Taupō|Waiariki (Māori)}}
| area_total_km2 = 0.78
| population_footnotes = {{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}
| population_total = {{NZ population data 2018|Pukawa|y}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| postal_code_type = Postcode(s)
| postal_code = 3381
| website =
}}
Pukawa or Pukawa Bay ({{langx|mi|Pūkawa}}) is a bay and a small township on the southern shores of Lake Taupō on New Zealand's North Island. It is off State Highway 41 between Turangi and Taumarunui, in the Taupō District and Waikato region.{{cite web |title=Map of Pukawa on Lake Taupo |url=http://www.jcsmaps.co.nz/laketauporegion.html |website=jcsmaps.co.nz |publisher=J C S Maps |access-date=17 November 2006 |archive-date=15 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115040638/http://www.jcsmaps.co.nz/laketauporegion.html |url-status=live }}
Marae
It is home of the Ngāti Tūwharetoa hapū of Ngāti Manunui, who established the Pūkawa Marae and Manunui a Ruakapanga meeting house in November 2006.{{cite web|title=Te Kāhui Māngai directory|url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/|website=tkm.govt.nz|publisher=Te Puni Kōkiri|access-date=6 May 2019|archive-date=18 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118064630/http://www.tkm.govt.nz/|url-status=live}}{{cite web |title=Māori Maps |url=https://maorimaps.com/map |website=maorimaps.com |publisher=Te Potiki National Trust |access-date=6 May 2019 |archive-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122131749/https://maorimaps.com/map |url-status=live }} The opening ceremony was attended by Tūheitia Paki, the Māori King.{{cite web | title = Thousands Expected At New Pukawa Marae | publisher = newswire.co.nz | url = http://www.newswire.co.nz/main/viewstory.aspx?storyid=346952&catid=0 | accessdate = 2006-11-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070310230603/http://www.newswire.co.nz/main/viewstory.aspx?storyid=346952&catid=0 |archivedate = 2007-03-10}}
Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was formally selected as king by a conference of chiefs of the Māori tribes held at Pukawa in April 1857 and was crowned during elaborate ceremonies held at his marae in Ngāruawāhia in April 1858.{{cite web |title=Pictures: Māori Monarchs since 1858 |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/media.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10396638 |website=The New Zealand Herald |publisher=New Zealand Media and Entertainment}}
In 1906 Ngāti Tūwharetoa and the Tongariro Timber Company struck an agreement for the construction of a 40-mile railway line from Kakahi (on the main trunk line) to Pukawa. This line was never completed.{{cite web | last = Cowan | first = James | authorlink = James Cowan (New Zealand writer) | author2 = R. E. Owen | title = Chapter 16: The Maori King | work = The New Zealand Wars: Volume I (1845–64): A History of the Maori Campaigns and the Pioneering Period | publisher = New Zealand Electronic Text Centre | url = http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow01NewZ-c16.html | accessdate = 2006-10-16 | archive-date = 14 September 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060914055730/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow01NewZ-c16.html | url-status = live }}
Demographics
Statistics New Zealand describes Pukawa as a rural settlement, which includes Oreti and covers {{Convert|0.78|km2||abbr=on}}.{{Cite web|title=Stats NZ Geographic Data Service|url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/data/|at=Urban Rural 2023 (generalised)|access-date=15 May 2025}} It had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|Pukawa|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|Pukawa|y}}|R}}/0.78|0}} people per km2. The settlement is part of the larger Lake Taupo Bays statistical area.
{{Historical populations|2006|210|2013|36|2018|48|2023|57|percentages=pagr|align=left|title=Historical population for the settlement|source={{NZ census 2018|7013294}}|footnote=The 2006 population is for a larger area of 6.09 km2, including Ōmori.}}
Pukawa had a population of 57 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 9 people (18.8%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 21 people (58.3%) since the 2013 census. There were 27 males and 33 females in 45 dwellings.{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_005&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.1434.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}} 5.3% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 61.2 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 6 people (10.5%) aged under 15 years, 3 (5.3%) aged 15 to 29, 27 (47.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 24 (42.1%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 73.7% European (Pākehā), 31.6% Māori, 5.3% Pasifika, and 10.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 100.0%, Māori by 15.8%, and other languages by 5.3%. No language could be spoken by 5.3% (e.g. too young to talk). The percentage of people born overseas was 10.5, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 31.6% Christian, 5.3% Māori religious beliefs, and 5.3% Buddhist. People who answered that they had no religion were 52.6%, and 5.3% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 24 (47.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 30 (58.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 9 (17.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $39,400, compared with $41,500 nationally. 6 people (11.8%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was 18 (35.3%) full-time and 6 (11.8%) part-time.{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_008&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bib7%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.1434.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Pukawa (1434)}}
=Lake Taupō Bays statistical area=
The statistical area of Lake Taupō Bays covers {{Convert|1154.30|km2||abbr=on}}{{Cite web|title=Stats NZ Geographic Data Service|url=https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/data/|at=Statistical Area 2 2023 (generalised)|access-date=15 May 2025}} to the south and west of Lake Taupō. It includes Whareroa Village, Kuratau, Ōmori, Motuoapa, and Tauranga Taupō, and surrounds but does not include Tūrangi. It had an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Lake Taupo Bays|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2023 SA2|||y|y||,}} with a population density of {{Decimals|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2023 SA2|Lake Taupo Bays|y}}|R}}/1154.30|1}} people per km2.
{{Historical populations|2006|1,620|2013|1,578|2018|1,566|2023|1,854|percentages=pagr|align=left|title=Historical population for Lake Taupō Bays|source={{NZ census 2018|Lake Taupo Bays (187900)|lake-taupo-bays|Lake Taupo Bays}}}}
Lake Taupō Bays had a population of 1,854 in the 2023 New Zealand census, an increase of 288 people (18.4%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 276 people (17.5%) since the 2013 census. There were 963 males, 891 females, and 3 people of other genders in 837 dwellings.{{cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_005&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.187900.2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses}} 1.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. The median age was 51.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 297 people (16.0%) aged under 15 years, 228 (12.3%) aged 15 to 29, 807 (43.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 522 (28.2%) aged 65 or older.
People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 71.7% European (Pākehā); 43.5% Māori; 3.2% Pasifika; 1.5% Asian; 0.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 3.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.6%, Māori by 15.0%, Samoan by 0.2%, and other languages by 3.4%. No language could be spoken by 1.8% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 11.2, compared with 28.8% nationally.
Religious affiliations were 28.8% Christian, 9.7% Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% Buddhist, 0.6% New Age, 0.2% Jewish, and 1.1% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 51.0%, and 8.7% of people did not answer the census question.
Of those at least 15 years old, 288 (18.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 918 (59.0%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 357 (22.9%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $34,800, compared with $41,500 nationally. 120 people (7.7%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was 654 (42.0%) full-time, 234 (15.0%) part-time, and 42 (2.7%) unemployed.{{Cite web|url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs[0]=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_008&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bib7%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.187900.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to[TIME]=false&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001|publisher=Stats NZ – Tatauranga Aotearoa – Aotearoa Data Explorer|access-date=3 October 2024|title=Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses|at=Lake Taupō Bays (187900)}}
Pukawa School
A native school run by the Church of England was operating in Pukawa in 1862, but closed by January 1863 after four boys drowned and there was a shortage of food.{{cite news|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZ18640105.2.30?query=Pukawa+School|title=Parliamentary Papers|newspaper=New Zealander|date=5 January 1864}}
Notable people
- Bessie Te Wenerau Grace, teacher, first Māori woman university graduate