Pusey and Jones

{{Short description|Ship builder and industrial equipment manufacturer in Wilmington, Delaware.}}

The Pusey and Jones Corporation was a major shipbuilder and industrial-equipment manufacturer. Based in Wilmington, Delaware, it operated from 1848 to 1959.

Shipbuilding was its primary focus from 1853 until the end of World War II, when the company converted the shipyard to produce machinery for paper manufacturing. The yard built more than 500 ships, from large cargo vessels to small warships and yachts, including Volunteer, the winner of the 1887 America's Cup.

History

The company began in 1848, when Joshua L. Pusey and John Jones formed a partnership in Wilmington, Delaware, to run a machine shop in space rented from a whaling company.{{cite web | url=http://www.deldot.gov/archaeology/wilm_waterfront/pdf/ch4_pusey.pdf | title=Chap. 4: "THE PUSEY & JONES CO." | publisher=City of Wilmington Office of Planning | work=The Wilmington Waterfront Analysis Area Intensive Level Architectural Survey | date=January 1992 | access-date=September 18, 2013 | author=Dixon, Stuart Paul | pages=171}} The shipyard sat between the Christina River and the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

In 1851, Edward Betts and Joshua Seal, who were operating an iron foundry in Wilmington, purchased an interest in the business. The name of the company became Betts, Pusey, Jones & Seal.

In 1854, Pusey and Jones built the first U.S. iron-hulled sailing vessel: a schooner named Mahlon Betts after Edward's father, who had built the foundry.

At the beginning of the Civil War the company began building vessels for the U.S. military. The first was a sloop of war, which required immediate expansion of the workforce. The company also built engines and boilers for other shipbuilding firms.

In 1887, the company built the first steel-hulled yacht to win the America's Cup, "Volunteer".

During World War I, the firm grew to more than 2,000 employees. It established the Pennsylvania Shipbuilding Corporation shipyard in Gloucester City, New Jersey,{{Cite web |title=World War I Centennial - World War I Centennial |url=https://www.worldwar1centennial.org/index.php/component/gmapfp/804:pennsylvania-shipbuilding-company-gloucester-city.html?view=gmapfp |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=www.worldwar1centennial.org}} with four ways capable of launching ships up to 12,500 tons and two ways of up to 7,000 tons. Shortly thereafter, the New Jersey Shipbuilding Corporation was formed and their shipyard, which was virtually an addition to the Pennsylvania S.B. yard, was planned to have six slipways for building 5,000-ton cargo steam ships.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-dHAQAAMAAJ|title=United States - Norway Arbitration Under the Special Agreement of June 30, 1921|author=United States Shipping Board|date=1922|page=207}} The keel of the first 7,000dwt tanker was laid on 9 September 1916.{{cite magazine|magazine=International Marine Engineering |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalma211916newy/page/477/mode/1up |date=October 1916 |page=477 |title=Pennsylvania Shipbuilding Company Lays Keel of Its First Vessel}}

These two yards delivered 20 ships to the United States Shipping Board, all requisitions:

6 tankers of 7,000dwt
11 cargo ships of 12,500dwt
Yard#7, War Serpent, launched as Indianapolis{{cite web | url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/i/indianapolis-i.html | title=Indianapolis I (STR) }}{{cite web | url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/173865.htm | title=Indianapolis (ID 3865) }}
3 cargo ships of 5,000dwt

The Wilmington yard delivered 14 vessels, all requisitions, and two minesweepers for the United States Navy:

6 cargo, 2,600t
8 cargo, 3,000t
2 of 49 {{sclass|Lapwing|minesweeper}}s
{{USS|Eider|AM-17|3}}, {{USS|Thrush|AM-18|3}}

After the business slump of the early 1920s, the company reorganized in 1927 under businessman Clement C. Smith, becoming Pusey and Jones Corporation. The company focused on building large luxury steam and motor yachts for wealthy patrons.

As World War II approached, military orders increased. The highest employment was reached during World War II, when more than 3,600 employees worked in the shipyards, plants and offices of the company. Pusey and Jones built 19 Type C1 ships for the U.S. Maritime Commission.

Other craft such as minesweepers were built, along with specialty and smaller vessels. Many commercial and private vessels originally built by the company were also converted to military use.

On Liberty Fleet Day — September 27, 1941 — the yard launched the SS Adabelle Lykes.

After World War II, Pusey and Jones converted the shipyard's facilities to manufacture papermaking machinery.

The company closed in 1959.

Notable vessels

{{Columns-list|colwidth=30em|

Cangarda
CSS Beaufort
Gay Head, engines only
SS Exodus
SS Tarpon
State of Pennsylvania and her identical sister ship, the State of Delaware
T.J. Potter, engines only
Volunteer, launched 1887. Successful defender of the 1887 America's Cup
United States lightship Nantucket (LV-112)
United States lightship Portsmouth (LV-101)
USCGC Mohawk (WPG-78), museum
USC&GS Explorer (1904)
USFC Fish Hawk (1880), the first large vessel purpose-built for the promotion of fisheries
USNS Albert J. Myer (T-ARC-6)
USS Acontius
USS Alacrity (SP-206)
USS Albatross (1882)
USS Anacapa (AG-49)
USS Aquamarine (PYc-7)
USS Crystal (PY-25)
USS Cyrene (AGP-13)
USS Eider (AM-17)
USS Galatea (SP-714)
USS Galaxy (IX-54)
USS General Putnam (SP-2284)
USS Indianapolis (ID-3865)
USS Jamestown (PG-55)
Lotosland
USS Lydonia (SP-700)
USS Miantonomah (CMc-5)
USS Monadnock (ACM-10)
USNS Neptune (ARC-2)
USS Nokomis (SP-609)
USS Thrush (AM-18)
Nakhoda
Tugs Jane and Marion 1939, for Curtis Bay Towing Company, the first U.S.-built vessels with the patented Yourkevitch hull form and specifically designed to use the Kort nozzle in propulsion.{{cite journal |journal=Pacific Marine Review |year=1940 |title=A Weil-Balanced Tug Design—Pusey and Jones Deliver Two Unusual Vessels |volume=Consolidated 1940 issues |issue=January |page=72 |publisher='Official Organ: Pacific American Steamship Association/Shipowners' Association of the Pacific Coast |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev3740paci#page/n47/mode/1up |access-date=11 September 2014}}

}}

References

{{cite book | title = Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the U.S. Maritime Commission in World War II | first = Frederic Chapin | last = Lane | location = Baltimore | publisher = Johns Hopkins Press | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1951 | isbn = 978-0-8018-6752-1 | oclc = 45799004 }}
{{cite book | title = The Golden Century, Classic Motor Yachts, 1830–1930 | first = Ross | last = MacTaggart | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | year = 2001 | isbn = 0-393-04949-3}}
{{cite book | title = The American Clyde; a history of iron and steel shipbuilding on the Delaware from 1840 to World War I | first = David Budlong | last = Tyler | publisher = University of Delaware Press | year = 1958}}
{{cite book | title = The City That Launched a Thousand Ships: Shipbuilding in Wilmington, 1644–1997 | first = Richard | last = Urban | publisher = Cedar Tree Books | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-892142-06-6}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080907205406/http://www.paperindustryweb.com/pj1ships.htm Pusey and Jones] paper industry website
[https://web.archive.org/web/20131225204518/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/inactive/pusey.htm List of ships built at the Wilmington shipyard] shipbuildinghistory.com
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080829192121/http://www.shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergency/wwone/puseyg.htm List of ships built at the Gloucester City shipyard] shipbuildinghistory.com
[http://www.siahq.org/tours/wilmington/aboutwilmington.html Wilmington Industrial History] by Patrick Harshbarger
[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716140719/http://yorkship.home.comcast.net/~yorkship/HTML/otheryards.htm Delaware River Shipyards] yorkship.com
[http://www.usmm.org/shipbuild.html Shipyards and Suppliers for U. S. Maritime Commission During World War II] usmm.org
[http://www.wrecksite.eu/ship-builder-owner.aspx Ship builders and Owners] (list) wrecksite.eu
[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0E1EFE3C5E17738DDDAC0894DA415B8188F1D3 Wilmington Strike Ends; Workers Return Today to Pusey & Jones Shipyards] New York Times, December 5, 1941
{{cite journal |title=Wilmington: Review of 2004 Fall Tour |journal=Society for Industrial Archeology Newsletter |volume=34 |issue=1 |page=7 |date=Winter 2005 |url=http://www.sia-web.org/sian/images/sianv34/sianv341.pdf |access-date=2008-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707231218/http://www.sia-web.org/sian/images/sianv34/sianv341.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-07 |url-status=dead }}
[http://WWW.AMERICASCUP.COM/EN/ACCLOPAEDIA/CIRCLINGGALAXY/BATEAU.PHP?IDCONTENT=4694&IDRUBR=74 Volunteer] Americascup.com
[http://drawings.us-maritime-commission.de/drawings_c1.htm Outboard Profiles of Maritime Commission Vessels, The C1 Cargo Ship, Conversions and Subdesigns]
[http://www.mariners-l.co.uk/WWIShipBuildersUSA.htm WWI Standard Built Ships, Shipbuilding Yards]
[http://digital.hagley.org/cdm4/index_p268001coll9.php?CISOROOT=/p268001coll9 Photos of Pusey and Jones ships and facilities]
[http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/lydonia/home.html Building the Lydonia II] Digital exhibit about a ship built at Pusey and Jones