Qutb Minar

The tower includes elements of traditional Islamic architecture and southwestern Asian design. Elizabeth Lambourn's Islam Beyond Empires: Mosques and Islamic Landscapes in India and the Indian Ocean studies the introduction of Islam in South Asia and how the region influenced the Islamic religious architecture.{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9781119069218.ch30 |chapter=Islam beyond Empires |title=A Companion to Islamic Art and Architecture |year=2017 |last1=Lambourn |first1=Elizabeth A. |pages=755–776 |isbn=978-1-119-06921-8 }} These newly arrived Muslims from the Islamic West escaped the Mongol Empire and emigrated to India, where they constructed religious centers. The Qutb Minar serves as a central marker to these new Muslim communities as well as being a reminder of Islam's presence in the area. The architecture of the minaret varies greatly from that of the typical style and design of the mosques constructed in the Middle East. The style of these structures is influenced by the local architecture such as the Indic temples. This affected the different materials, techniques, and decoration that were used in the construction of the Qutb Minar.

Historically, tower minarets were uncommon in South Asian-Islamic design until the 17th century, due to the slow adoption of the typical Middle Eastern style in India. It is also detached from the main mosque, showcasing how the native culture affected the design of a Middle Eastern structure.{{sfn|Harle|1994|p=429}} The Qutb Minar is seen as the "earliest and best example of a fusion or synthesis of Hindu-Muslim traditions" according to Ved Parkash in his essay The Qutb Minar from Contemporary and Near Contemporary Sources. Like many mosques built in South Asia during this time period, the minaret was constructed by Hindu laborers and craftsmen but overseen by Muslim architects. This led to a construction that synthesized both Hindu and Islamic religious architecture. Since some of the craftsmen were Hindu and unfamiliar with the Quran, the inscriptions are a compilation of disarranged Quranic texts and other Arabic expressions.

The Qutb Minar was built over the ruins of the Lal Kot, the citadel of Dhillika. Qutub Minar was begun after the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. Drawing references from their Ghurid homeland, Qutub-ud-Din Aibak and Shamsu’d-Din Iltutmish constructed a minar (minaret) at the south-eastern corner of the Quwwatu’l-Islam between 1199 and 1503.{{cite web | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233 | title=Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi }} File:Kuttull Minor, Delhi. The Qutb Minar, an aquatint by Thomas Daniell, 1805.jpgIt is usually thought that the tower is named for Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who began it. It is also possible that it is named after Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki a 13th-century sufi saint, because Shamsuddin Iltutmish was a devotee of his.{{cite web|title=Qutub Minar Height |url=http://www.qutubminardelhi.com/qutub-minar-height |publisher=qutubminardelhi.com |access-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629080441/http://qutubminardelhi.com/qutub-minar-height/ |archive-date=29 June 2015 }}

The Minar is surrounded by several historically significant monuments of the Qutb complex. Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, to the north-east of the Minar was built by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak in A.D. 1199. It is the earliest extant - mosque built by the Delhi Sultans. It consists of a rectangular courtyard enclosed by cloisters, erected with the carved columns and architectural members of 27 Jain and Hindu temples, which were demolished by Qutub-ud-Din Aibak as recorded in his inscription on the main eastern entrance.{{cite book|last1=Rajagopalan|first1=Mrinalini|title=Reuse Value: Spolia and Appropriation in Art and Architecture from Constantine to Sherrie Levine|date=2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-1-4094-8684-8|editor1-last=Kinney|editor1-first=Dale|pages=199–221|chapter=A Medieval Monument and Its Modern Myths of Iconoclasm: The Enduring Contestations over the Qutb Complex in Delhi, India|doi=10.4324/9781315606187|editor2-last=Brilliant|editor2-first=Richard|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZflTOVe0wuoC&pg=PA199}} Later, a lofty arched screen was erected, and the mosque was enlarged by Shams-ud- Din Itutmish (A.D. 1210–35) and Ala-ud-Din Khalji. The Iron Pillar in the courtyard bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script of fourth century A.D., according to which the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja (standard of god Vishnu) on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra.

The mosque complex is one of the earliest that survives in the Indian subcontinent.{{cite web|title=Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque |url=http://qutubminardelhi.com/quwwat-ul-islam-mosque |publisher=qutubminardelhi.com |access-date=15 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725164517/http://qutubminardelhi.com/quwwat-ul-islam-mosque/ |archive-date=25 July 2015 }}{{cite book |author1=Ali Javid |author2=ʻAlī Jāvīd |author3=Tabassum Javeed |title=World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India |pages=14, 105, 107, 130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC&q=minar |date=1 July 2008 |publisher=Algora |isbn=9780875864846 }}

The nearby pillared cupola known as "Smith's Folly" is a remnant of the tower's 19th century restoration, which included an ill-advised attempt to add some more stories.{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho0000096s1u00006000.html|title=Ruin of Hindu pillars, Kootub temples, Delhi.|last=Wright|first=Colin|website=www.bl.uk|access-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630081446/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho0000096s1u00006000.html|archive-date=30 June 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho000000052u00015000.html|title=Rao Petarah's Temple, Delhi.|last=Wright|first=Colin|website=www.bl.uk|access-date=2019-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708214913/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/r/019pho000000052u00015000.html|archive-date=8 July 2019|url-status=live}}

In 1505, an earthquake damaged the Qutub Minar; it was repaired by Sikander Lodi. On 1 September 1803, a major earthquake caused serious damage. Major Robert Smith of the British Indian Army renovated the tower in 1828 and installed a pillared cupola over the fifth story, creating a sixth. The cupola was taken down in 1848, under instructions from The Viscount Hardinge, the Governor General of India. at the time. It was reinstalled at the ground level to the east of Qutb Minar, where it remains. This is known as "Smith's Folly".[https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/qutub-minar-and-smiths-folly-an-architectural-disaster "Qutub Minar and Smiths Folly - an architectural disaster."] 👌👍{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007222620/https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/qutub-minar-and-smiths-folly-an-architectural-disaster/ |date=7 October 2016 }}, WordPress.

It was added to the list of World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1993.

File:Qutub Minar 07.jpg

The construction of the Qutb Minar was planned and financed by the Ghurids, who emigrated to India and brought Islam with them. The Ghurids, historically known as the Shansabanis, were a clan of Tajik origin that hailed from Ghur, the mountainous region of modern-day western Afghanistan.{{cite journal |last1=Patel |first1=A. |title=Toward Alternative Receptions of Ghurid Architecture in North India (Late Twelfth-Early Thirtheenth Century CE) |journal=Archives of Asian Art |date=2004 |volume=54 |pages=35–61 |jstor=20111315 |doi=10.1484/aaa.2004.0004 }} Between the late eleventh century and the early twelfth century, the different sects of this nomadic clan united, relinquishing their nomadic culture. During this time, they also embraced Islam.

They subsequently expanded into modern-day India and quickly took control of a substantial part of the country. The Ghurids annexed the Multan and Uch in the western Punjab in 1175–76, the northwestern regions around Peshawar in 1177, and the region of Sindh in 1185–86. In 1193, Qutb al-Din Aibak conquered Delhi and implemented a Ghurid governorship in the province, and the congregational mosque, the Qutb Minar complex, was founded in 1193. In the past, scholars believed that the complex was constructed to promote adoption of Islam amongst the Ghurids' new subjects as well as a symbol of the Ghurids' adherence to a socio-religious system. There is now new information to suggest that spurring the adoption of Islam was not a top priority of the new annexes and instead the Ghurid governors sought to make a synthesis of the local culture and Islam through negotiation.

Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a deputy of Muhammad of Ghor, who founded the Delhi Sultanate after Muhammad of Ghor's death, started construction of the Qutb Minar's first story in 1199. Aibak's successor and son-in-law Shamsuddin Iltutmish completed a further three stories. After a lightning strike in 1369 damaged the then top story, the ruler at the time, Firuz Shah Tughlaq, replaced the damaged story and added one more. Sher Shah Suri also added an entrance while he was ruling and the Mughal emperor Humayun was in exile.{{cite web|title=Qutub Minar|url=http://www.qutubminardelhi.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622134800/http://qutubminardelhi.com/|archive-date=22 June 2015|access-date=15 June 2015|publisher=qutubminardelhi.com}}

File:KITLV 377921 - Clifton and Co. - The Qutab Minar in Mehrauli in Delhi - Around 1890.tif

Persian-Arabic and Nagari in different sections of the Qutb Minar reveal the history of its construction and the later restorations and repairs by Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351–88) and Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517).Plaque at Qutb Minar

The height of Qutb Minar is 72.5 meters, making it the tallest minaret in the world built of bricks.{{cite web|title=World's tallest buildings, monuments and other structures|website=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/worlds-tallest-buildings-monuments-and-other-structures/18/}} The tower tapers, and has a 14.3 metres (47 feet) base diameter, reducing to 2.7 metres (9 feet) at the top of the peak.{{cite web|title=Qutb Minar Height|url=http://www.qutubminardelhi.com/qutub-minar-height|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629080441/http://qutubminardelhi.com/qutub-minar-height/|archive-date=29 June 2015|access-date=15 June 2015|publisher=qutubminardelhi.com}} It contains a spiral staircase of 379 steps.{{Cite web|title=Qutub Minar|url=http://www.qutubminar.org/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116125602/http://www.qutubminar.org/|archive-date=16 January 2018|access-date=24 October 2016}}

At the foot of the tower is the Quwat Ul Islam Mosque. The Minar tilts just over 65 cm from the vertical, which is considered to be within safe limits.{{cite news|last=Verma|first=Richi|title=Qutb Minar tilting due to seepage: Experts|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Qutub-Minar-tilting-due-to-seepage-Experts/articleshow/4023978.cms|access-date=30 June 2012|date=24 January 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202705/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-01-24/india/28019525_1_qutub-minar-tilt-qutubuddin-aibak|archive-date=31 October 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=live}}

Qutb Minar was an inspiration and prototype for many minarets and towers built. The Chand Minar and Mini Qutub Minar bear resemblance to the Qutb Minar and inspired from it.{{cite journal |title=The Copies of the Quṭb Mīnār |journal=Iran |volume=100 |pages=95–186 |jstor=4299851 |last1=Koch |first1=Ebba |year=1991 |doi=10.2307/4299851 }}

The stories of the Qutb Minar vary in size, style, and material due to varying architects and builders constructing each section.

File:Qutub Minar Inscriptions 2022.jpg

The Qutb Minar consists of five stories of red and grey sandstone. The lowest story, also known as the basement story, was completed during the lifetime of Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, a sultan of the Ghurid dynasty.{{Cite journal|last=Pinder-Wilson|first=Ralph|date=2001|title=Ghaznavid and Ghūrid Minarets|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300603|journal=Iran|volume=39|pages=155–186|doi=10.2307/4300603|jstor=4300603|issn=0578-6967}}

It is revetted with twelve semicircular and twelve flanged pilasters that are placed in alternating order. This story is separated by flanges and by storied balconies, carried on Muqarnas corbels. The story is placed on top of a low circular plinth that is inscribed with a twelve-pointed star with a semicircle placed with each of the angles between the star's points.

There are also six horizontal bands with inscriptions inscribed in naskh, a style of Islamic calligraphy, on this story. The inscriptions are as follows: Quran, sura II, verses 255–60; Quran, sura LIX, verses 22–23, and attributes of God; The name and titles of Ghiyath al-Din; Quran, sura XLVIII, verses 1–6; The name and titles of Mu’izz al-Din; and Qur’anic quotations and the following titles in this much restored inscription: "The Amir, the most glorious and great commander of the army." This level also has inscriptions praising Muhammad of Ghor, the sultan of the Ghurids.

The second, third, and fourth stories were erected by Sham ud-Din Iltutmish, the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi.{{cite journal |id={{ProQuest|1304273557}} |last1=Shafiqullah |first1=Shah Muhammad |title=The Qutb Minar: An Observation on Its Calligraphy |journal=Islamic Quarterly |volume=37 |issue=4 |date=1 January 1993 |pages=281–286 }} He is considered to be the first of the Delhi Sultan dynastic line. The second and third stories are also revetted with twelve semicircular and twelve flanged pilasters that are placed in alternating order. These red sandstone columns are separated by flanges and by storied balconies, carried on Muqarnas corbels. Prior to its reconstruction and reduction, the fourth story was also decorated with semicircular pilasters. It was re-constructed in white marble and is relatively plain.

In 1369, the fourth story was repaired after lightning struck the minaret. During reconstruction, Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq elected to reduce the size of the fourth story and then separated it into two stories.

File:Details of the balcony, Qutub Minar.jpg

On 14 November 2000, Delhi newspapers reported that the Hindu nationalist groups, Vishva Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal, planned to conduct a yajna, a ritualistic Hindu ceremony related to cleansing or purification, at the Qutub Minar complex where the minaret is located. Delhi Police detained 80 "activists" led by Ram Krishan Gaur who congregated near the Qutb Minar and were stopped from performing the yajna inside the tower. Due to a police barricade, the activists instead performed the ritual on the streets outside the mosque complex.{{cite news |title=VHP yajna thwarted |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20001115/main3.htm |work=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh, India |date=14 November 2000 }} Since the spolia of Jain and Hindu temples were used to construct the minaret, the right-wing Hindu groups claimed that they needed to perform a cleansing at the complex in order to "free" the Hindu icons that were "trapped" in the minaret and the mosque complex.

On 18 May 2022, a former Regional Director of the Archaeological Survey of India, Dharamveer Sharma, claimed that Qutb Minar was built by Raja Vikramaditya in the fifth century to observe the changing position of the sun, without substantiating his assertion.{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2022 |first=Milan |last=Sharma |title=Qutb Minar was built by Raja Vikramaditya to observe the sun: Ex-ASI officer's big claim |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/qutub-minar-raja-vikramaditya-observe-sun-asi-1950972-2022-05-18 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}

On 21 May 2022, the Secretary at the Ministry of Culture, Govind Mohan, decided to conduct excavation and iconography of idols found at Qutub Minar. The Ministry has asked the ASI to submit an excavation report. Excavation can be started in the south of the minaret at a distance of 15 meters from the mosque.{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2022 |first=Varun |last=Sinha |title=Amid Gyanvapi row, govt now orders ASI to conduct excavation of Qutub Minar complex |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/ministry-of-culture-asi-excavation-qutub-minar-complex-1952540-2022-05-22 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}

File:Qutub minar and a tomb.JPG

On 8 December 1946 Tara Devi, a Czech actress and the sixth wife of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh, fell from the tower to her death with her two Pomeranian dogs.{{cite book |last1=Sambuy |first1=Livia Manera |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca5gEAAAQBAJ |title=In Search of Amrit Kaur: An Indian Princess in Wartime Paris |date=2023 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4735-4629-5 |language=en |chapter=A most Parisian Maharajah}}{{cite book |last1=Gaur |first1=Abhilash |url=https://archive.org/details/tara-devi-pdf/mode/2up |title=Nina Grosup-Karatsonyi a.k.a. Rani Tara Devi of Kapurthala |date=2 December 2021}}

Before 1976, the general public was allowed access to the first floor of the minaret, via the internal staircase. Access to the top ceased after 2000 due to suicides.

On 4 December 1981, the staircase lighting failed. Between 300 and 400 visitors stampeded towards the exit. 45 were killed and some were injured. Most of these were school

children.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/05/world/around-the-world-45-killed-in-stampede-at-monument-in-india.html |title=Around the World; 45 Killed in Stampede at Monument in India |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 December 1981 |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216212421/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/05/world/around-the-world-45-killed-in-stampede-at-monument-in-india.html |archive-date=16 February 2018 |url-status=live }} Since then, the tower has been closed to the public. This incident triggered the imposition of stringent rules regarding entry.{{cite news |first=Nivedita |last=Khandekar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/31-yrs-after-tragedy-qutub-minar-s-doors-remain-shut/story-MtNgQtIDsYbaIrcmQOZvaM.html |title=31 yrs after tragedy, Qutub Minar's doors remain shut |newspaper=Hindustan Times |date=4 December 2012 |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214204245/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/31-yrs-after-tragedy-qutub-minar-s-doors-remain-shut/story-MtNgQtIDsYbaIrcmQOZvaM.html |archive-date=14 February 2018 |url-status=live }}

Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem, {{ws|The Cootub Minar, Delhi}} is a reflection on a picture by Samuel Prout in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833.{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833|url=https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9633|section=poetical illustration|year=1832|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}{{cite book|last =Landon|first=Letitia Elizabeth|title=Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833|url=https://digital.tcl.sc.edu/digital/collection/annuals/id/9634|section=picture|year=1832|publisher=Fisher, Son & Co.}}

• 1963: Bollywood actor and director Dev Anand wanted to shoot the song "Dil Ka Bhanwar Kare Pukar" from his film Tere Ghar Ke Samne inside the Minar. However, the cameras of that period were too big to fit inside the tower's narrow passage, and therefore the song was shot inside a replica of the Qutb Minar.{{cite web |author=Mehul S Thakkar, Mumbai Mirror 22 Nov 2011, IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/news-interviews/30428151_1_qutub-minar-dev-anand-filmmakers |title=30 years later, Qutub ready to face the camera|date=22 November 2011 |access-date=26 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902055502/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/news-interviews/30428151_1_qutub-minar-dev-anand-filmmakers |archive-date=2 September 2013 |work=The Times of India |url-status=dead }}
• 2012: The site served as the pit stop of the second leg of the second series of The Amazing Race Australia.{{cite web|url=https://www.holidaytravel.co/destination-dtl/mahrauli-qutub-minar-unesco-world-heritage-complex-tour-guide.htm|title=Mehrauli Qutub Minar UNESCO World Heritage Complex Tour Guide - Destination Overview|website=Holiday Travel|date=12 December 2011|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231180805/https://www.holidaytravel.co/destination-dtl/mahrauli-qutub-minar-unesco-world-heritage-complex-tour-guide.htm|archive-date=31 December 2019|url-status=live}}
• 2013: A picture of the minaret is featured on the travel cards and tokens issued by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. A recently launched start-up in collaboration with the Archaeological Survey of India has made a 360^o walkthrough of Qutb Minar available.{{cite web |url=http://places.wonobo.com/delhi/Qutub-Minar/1041176/interior |title=Qutub Minar in MEHRAULI, Delhi - 360-degree view on WoNoBo.com |publisher=Places.wonobo.com |access-date=2014-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103141807/http://places.wonobo.com/delhi/qutub-minar/1041176/Interior |archive-date=3 November 2013 |url-status=live }}
• 2017: The Ministry of Tourism recently gave seven companies the 'Letters of Intent' for fourteen monuments under its 'Adopt a Heritage Scheme.' Qutb Minar has been chosen to part of that list.{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/adopt-a-heritage-scheme-1079564-2017-10-30 |title=Adopt a Heritage Scheme, Qutub Minar, Delhi - to be adopted by Yatra.com |work=India Today|access-date=2017-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230020306/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/adopt-a-heritage-scheme-1079564-2017-10-30 |archive-date=30 December 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/governance/clean-water-to-free-wifi-what-yatra-com-will-provide-after-adopting-qutub-minar/142707/ |title=Clean water to free WiFi: What Yatra.com will provide after adopting Qutub Minar |publisher=theprint.in |access-date=2018-11-02}}

File:Qutub Minar 932.jpg|Qutb Minar

File:QutbMinar AlaiDarzawa.JPG|Left to Right:Alai Darwaza, Qutb Minar, Imam Zamin's tomb

File:Plaque at Qutub Minar.jpg|Plaque at Minar

File:2018 Qutub Minar New Delhi.jpg|View through arch

File:Qutb Minar path view.jpg|Qutb Minar path view

File:QutbMinarNewDelhiFromSouth.jpg|Qutb Minar from the south

Lord ganesha idol in qutub minar complex.jpg| Ganesha's stone relief

• Qutb
• Ghazni Minarets
• Firoz Minar
• Fateh Burj
• List of tallest minarets
• List of tallest structures built before the 20th century

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Blair |first1=Sheila S. |last2=Bloom |first2=Jonathan M. |title=The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250-1800 |date=1996 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06465-0 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Harle |first1=James C. |title=The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent |date=1994 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-06217-5 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Ettinghausen |first1=Richard |last2=Grabar |first2=Oleg |last3=Jenkins |first3=Marilyn |title=Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250: 2nd Edition |date=2003 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-08869-4 }}

{{Commons category}}{{Wikisource|Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1833/Cootub Minar|'The Cootub Minah, Delhi',
a poem by L. E. L.}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150723044609/http://qutubminardelhi.com/ Qutub Minar]
• [https://asi.nic.in/qutb-minar/ Archaeological Survey of India | Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi]
• [https://www.yatra.com/indian-monuments/new-delhi/qutb-complex Qutb Minar Ticket]

{{Qutb Minar complex}}

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Category:World Heritage Sites in India

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