RELX

The company, which was previously known as Reed Elsevier, came into being in 1993, as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7D6123DF935A35753C1A962958260 |work=The New York Times|author=Edward A. Gargan |date=6 October 1994 |title=Reed-Elsevier Building Big Presence in the U.S. |access-date=18 February 2008}} The company re-branded itself as RELX in February 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4be90dbe-bd97-11e4-9d09-00144feab7de.html#axzz3mYtWcuFI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/c4TW3 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|author=Robert Cookson|title=Reed Elsevier to rename itself RELX Group|work=Financial Times|date=26 February 2015 |access-date=23 September 2015}}

In 1895, Albert E. Reed established a newsprint manufacturing operation at Tovil Mill near Maidstone, Kent.{{cite web|url=http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/reedelsevier.htm|title=Timeline|publisher=Reed Elsevier|access-date=19 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151030233859/http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/ReedElsevier.htm|archive-date=30 October 2015}} The Reed family were Methodists and encouraged good working conditions for their staff in the then-dangerous print trade.{{cite web|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/40427|author=Peter Kirwan|title=Reed Elsevier has no stomach for the tough trade business|date=3 March 2008|work=Press Gazette|access-date=19 September 2015}}

In 1965, Reed Group, as it was then known, became a conglomerate, creating its Decorative Products Division with the purchase of Crown Paints, Polycell and Sanderson's wallpaper and DIY decorating interests.{{cite web|url=http://www.sanderson-uk.com/sanderson-history.aspx|title=History |publisher=Sanderson|access-date=21 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701220057/http://www.sanderson-uk.com/sanderson-history.aspx |archive-date=1 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}

In 1970, Reed Group merged with the International Publishing Corporation and the company name was changed to Reed International Limited. The company continued to grow by merging with other publishers and produced high quality trade journals as IPC Business Press Ltd and women's and other consumer magazines as IPC magazines Ltd. Reed entered the United States in 1977 by acquiring Cahners Publications, founded by Norman Cahners.{{Cite web|url=https://ulib.niu.edu/publishers/ReedElsevier.htm|title=Reed Elsevier Timeline|website=ulib.niu.edu}}

In 1985, the company decided to rationalise its operations, focusing on publishing and selling off its other interests. Sanderson was sold to WestPoint Pepperell, Inc. of Georgia, United States, that year, while Crown Paint and Polycell were sold to Williams Holdings in 1987.{{cite web|url=http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Williams_Holdings|title=Williams Holdings|work=gracesguide.co.uk|access-date=21 March 2015}} The company's paper and packaging production operations were bundled together to form Reedpack and sold to private equity firm Cinven in 1988.{{cite web|url=http://www.cinven.com/sectorfocus/industrialrealisedinvestments.asp?investmentid=72|title=All investments|publisher=Cinven|access-date=21 March 2015}} Reed expanded its publishing by acquiring Technical Publishing from Dun & Bradstreet.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/188ba10361825d9c4e1d4593f6633965|title=Dun & Bradstreet To Sell Technical Publishing Concerns|website=AP NEWS}}

File:Millennium Tower Amsterdam Westpoort Reed Elsevier 20140622.JPG

In 1880, Jacobus George Robbers started a publishing company called NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier (Elsevier Publishing Company NV) to publish literary classics and the encyclopedia Winkler Prins. Robbers named the company after the old Dutch printers family Elzevir, which, for example, published the works of Erasmus in 1587. Elsevier NV originally was based in Rotterdam but moved to Amsterdam in the late 1880s.

Up to the 1930s, Elsevier remained a small family-owned publisher, with no more than ten employees. After the war it launched the weekly Elsevier magazine, which turned out to be very profitable. A rapid expansion followed. Elsevier Press Inc. started in 1951 in Houston, Texas, USA, and in 1962 publishing offices were opened in London and New York. Multiple mergers in the 1970s led to name changes, settling at "Elsevier Scientific Publishers" in 1979. In 1991, two years before the merger with Reed, Elsevier acquired Pergamon Press in the UK.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/29/business/maxwell-selling-pergamon-cornerstone-of-his-empire.html|title=Maxwell Selling Pergamon, Cornerstone of His Empire|date=29 March 1991|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=18 September 2015}}

Cahners Publishing, founded by Norman Cahners, was the largest U.S. publisher of trade{{cite magazine |magazine=Folio

|url=https://www.foliomag.com/the-sale-decline-and-ultimate-demise-of-cahners-publishing

|title=The Sale, Decline, and Ultimate Demise of Cahners Publishing

|author=Tony Silber |date=29 March 2016}} or business magazines as of his death in 1986. Reed International acquired the company in 1977.{{cite news |newspaper=AdWeek

|url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/cahners-publishing-company-tbt

|title=A Double Shot of Cahners Publishing Nostalgia

|date=7 April 2016}}[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/08/business/advertising-reed-wants-even-more-magazines.html "Reed Wants Even More Magazines"]. New York Times. April 8, 1988

In February 1997, Reed Elsevier divested its trade publishing group (including Heinemann, Methuen, Secker & Warburg, Sinclair-Stevenson, Mandarin, Minerva and Cedar) to Random House.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/01/business/reed-elsevier-to-sell-book-unit-to-random-house.html|title=Reed Elsevier to sell book unit to Random House|work=The New York Times|date=1 February 1997|access-date=21 October 2018}} In 1998, Reed Elsevier sold the children's divisions of Heinemann, Methuen, Hamlyn and Mammoth to the Egmont Group.{{cite web|url=https://archive.penguinrandomhouse.co.uk/History%20of%20the%20Egmont%20Imprints%20-%20Opac%20version.htm|title=History of the Egmont Imprints|publisher=Penguin Random House|access-date=21 October 2018}}

In February 2007, the company announced its intention to sell Harcourt, its educational publishing division.{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-reed-results-idUKWLB502120070215?pageNumber=2 |title=Reed Elsevier to sell education arm |access-date=16 July 2011 |publisher=Reuters |date=15 February 2007}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} On 4 May 2007 Pearson, the international education and information company, announced that it had agreed to acquire Harcourt Assessment and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier for $950m in cash.{{cite web |url=http://www.pearson.com/about-us/education/announcements/?i=352 |title=Pearson acquires Harcourt Assessment and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier |access-date=16 July 2011 |publisher=Pearson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927114318/http://www.pearson.com/about-us/education/announcements/?i=352 |archive-date=27 September 2011}} In July 2007, Reed Elsevier announced its agreement to sell the remaining Harcourt Education business, including international imprint Heinemann, to Houghton Mifflin for $4 billion in cash and stock.{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/17/business/17harcourt.html?_r=0 |author=Michael J. de la Merced|title=Houghton Mifflin to buy Harcourt|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 July 2007|access-date=18 September 2015}}

Between 2006 and 2019, in 65 separate deals, the company systematically sold its 300 print, business to business magazine titles, reducing the proportion of print revenues from 51% to 9%.{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Daniel|title=Relx offloads Farmers Weekly to MAG|url=https://www.ft.com/content/551dbcf8-2279-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/551dbcf8-2279-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Financial Times|date=20 December 2019 }} Advertising, which had been the largest source of revenues when RELX was founded, represented just 1% of sales in 2018.{{Cite web|last=Nilsson|first=Patricia|title=Relx buys US fraud-prevention start-up Emailage for $480m|url=https://www.ft.com/content/fe39ced4-4732-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/fe39ced4-4732-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-11-20|website=Financial Times}}

In July 2009, Reed Elsevier announced its intention to sell most of its North American trade publications, including Publishers Weekly, Broadcasting & Cable, and Multichannel News, although it planned to retain Variety.Brian Stelter, [http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/31/even-media-about-the-media-for-sale/ "Even Media About the Media Are For Sale], New York Times, 31 July 2009.

In April 2010, Reed Elsevier announced that it had sold 21 US magazines to other owners in recent months, and that an additional 23 US trade magazines, including Restaurants & Institutions, Hotels, and Trade Show Week would cease publication. The closures were mostly due to the weak economy including an advertising slump.Lorene Yue, [http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=37857 "Restaurants & Institutions magazine shutting down as Reed cuts trade titles"], Crain's Chicago Business, 16 April 2010.

Variety, the company's last remaining North American title, was sold in October 2012.{{cite web|url=http://adage.com/article/media/jay-penske-buys-variety-magazine-reed-elsevier/237657/|title=Jay Penske Buys Variety Magazine From Reed Elsevier|work=Advertising Age|date=9 October 2012|access-date=15 September 2015}}

In 2014, Reed Business Information sold BuyerZone, an online marketplace; emedia, an American provider of research for IT buyers and vendors; and a majority stake in Reed Construction Data, a provider of construction data.{{cite web|url=http://www.inpublishing.co.uk/news/articles/rbi_sells_buyerzone_7006.aspx|title=News: RBI sells BuyerZone: InPublishing|author=InPublishing|date=23 January 2014 |publisher=inpublishing.co.uk|access-date=23 September 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mediamergers.co.uk/ziff-davis-acquires-emedia-from-rbi/|author=Martin Wright|title=Ziff Davis Acquires emedia from RBI|date=20 August 2013|work=MediaMergers|access-date=23 September 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/reedelsevier-brief-idUSFWN0PQ01V20140721|title=BRIEF-Reed sells majority stake in Reed Construction Data to Warburg Pincus|date=21 July 2014|work=Reuters|access-date=23 September 2015}}

In 2016, RELX sold Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen in the Netherlands.{{cite web|url=https://www.debrauw.com/matter/reed-business-divests-elsevier-weekly-beleggersbelangen-new-skool-media/|title=Reed Business divests Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen to New Skool Media|publisher=De Brauw|access-date=21 March 2017}}

In 2017, the company sold New Scientist magazine.{{cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4127d94c-1f8c-11e7-b7d3-163f5a7f229c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/4127d94c-1f8c-11e7-b7d3-163f5a7f229c |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Relx offloads New Scientist magazine to Kingston Acquisitions|publisher=FT|date=12 April 2017|access-date=20 April 2017}}

In January 2019, RBI sold its Dutch agricultural media and selected international agricultural media portfolio (including Poultry World) to Doorakkeren BV.{{Cite web|title=Reed Business BV announces intention to sell Dutch agriculture media portfolio to Misset Uitgeverij BV|url=https://www.reedbusiness.com/news/reed-business-bv-announces-intention-to-sell-dutch-agriculture-media-portfolio-to-misset-uitgeverij-bv/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Reed Business Information|language=en}}

In August 2019, Flight International and FlightGlobal were sold to DVV Media Group.{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/110-years-of-flight/powering-into-our-eleventh-decade/135869.article|title=Powering into our eleventh decade|last=Kingsley-Jones|first=Max|date=19 December 2019|website=Flightglobal|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}

In December 2019, RBI announced plans to sell the Farmers Weekly magazine title, website and related platforms, events and awards to MA Agriculture Limited, part of the Mark Allen Group.{{cite news |last1=Cotton |first1=Barney |title=Mark Allen Group to acquire Farmers Weekly |url=https://www.businessleader.co.uk/mark-allen-group-to-acquire-farmers-weekly/77369/ |access-date=7 January 2020 |work=Business Leader |date=2 January 2020}}

In May 2024, RX sold the Gamer Network to IGN Entertainment, division of Ziff Davis. However, it retained the EGX convention and Popverse.{{Cite web |last=Dring |first=Christopher |date=2024-05-21 |title=IGN Entertainment acquires Eurogamer, GI, VG247, Rock Paper Shotgun and more |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/ign-entertainment-acquires-eurogamer-gi-vg247-rock-paper-shotgun-and-more |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=GamesIndustry.biz |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=May 22, 2024 |title=IGN Acquires a Handful of ReedPop's Gamer Network's Digital Brands |url=https://icv2.com/articles/news/view/56962/ign-acquires-handful-reedpops-gamer-networks-digital-brands |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=ICv2 |language=en}}

RELX's Scientific, Technical & Medical business provides information, analytics and tools that help investors make decisions that improve scientific and healthcare outcomes. It operates under the name of Elsevier:

ScienceDirect, an online database of primary research, contains 18 million documents.{{cite web|url=https://dcdm.doody.com/2021/05/a-review-of-sciencedirect/|title=A Review of ScienceDirect|date=25 May 2021|publisher=Doody's Collection Development Monthly|accessdate=15 February 2023}}

Scopus is a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles. It contains more than 50 million items in more than 20,000 titles from 5,000 publishers worldwide.{{cite web|url=https://www.bsb-muenchen.de/en/news/news-archive/news/article/50-million-records-21000-journals-5000-publishers-the-dimensions-of-scopus/|title=The dimensions of Scopus|publisher=Bayerische Staats Bibliothek|accessdate=21 September 2015}}

Mendeley is a desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online.{{cite web|url=http://lifehacker.com/5334254/mendeley-manages-your-documents-on-your-desktop-and-in-the-cloud|title=Mendeley Manages Your Documents on Your Desktop and in the Cloud|author=Jason Fitzpatrick|publisher=Gawker Media|work=Lifehacker|date=17 August 2009 |accessdate=23 September 2015}}

Elsevier is the world's largest publisher of academic articles. It published 600,000 articles in 2021.{{cite web|url=https://library.utm.my/utmlibrarynews/2022/10/17/how-to-produce-highly-visible-research-useful-tips-for-researchers/|title=How to Produce Highly Visible Research: Useful Tips For Researchers|date=17 October 2022|publisher=UTM Library|access-date=15 February 2023}} Its best-known titles are The Lancet and Cell. In 1995, Forbes magazine (wrongly) predicted Elsevier would be "the first victim of the internet" as it was disrupted and disintermediated by the World Wide Web.{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/93138f3e-87d6-11e5-90de-f44762bf9896.html#axzz3sQIVespz |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/at1Zc |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Elsevier leads the business the internet could not kill|work=Financial Times|accessdate=25 November 2015}}

LexisNexis Risk Solutions provide decision-making tools which help banks spot money launderers and insurance companies weed out fraudulent claims.{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0d6d9600-dbc7-11e5-98fd-06d75973fe09.html#axzz458CWnpUL |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/ZMB0z |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=RELX move into risk helps deliver record revenues|work=Financial Times|accessdate=7 April 2016}}

The business claims to have saved the state of Florida more than $60 million a year by preventing benefit fraud.{{cite web|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-05-14/news/os-florida-welfare-fraud-20130514_1_welfare-fraud-public-assistance-fraud-identity-theft|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617160755/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-05-14/news/os-florida-welfare-fraud-20130514_1_welfare-fraud-public-assistance-fraud-identity-theft|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 June 2013|author=Kate Santich|title=Florida welfare fraud: Florida welfare fraud cost taxpayers $1 billion in 2012|work=Orlando Sentinel|access-date=23 September 2015}}

Accuity provides financial crime compliance software{{cite news |last1=Vasagar |first1=Jeevan |last2=Lockett |first2=Hudson |date=30 May 2017 |title= Singapore penalises Credit Suisse over 1MDB |url= https://www.ft.com/content/72f71956-44f3-11e7-8519-9f94ee97d996 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/72f71956-44f3-11e7-8519-9f94ee97d996 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |work=Financial Times |access-date=24 September 2018 }} which allows institutions to comply with sanctions and anti-money laundering compliance programmes.{{cite news |last1=O’Murchu |first1=Cynthia |last2=Hancock |first2=Melissa |date=1 May 2014 |title= Reed Business Information faces scrutiny over sanctions |url= https://www.ft.com/content/a2107ba4-c659-11e3-ba0e-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/a2107ba4-c659-11e3-ba0e-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=Financial Times |access-date=24 September 2018 }} It offers Know Your Customer, KYC, online subscription-based data and software for the financial services industry.{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/3053606Z:US-accuity-inc |title=Company Overview of Accuity Inc. |author= |website=Bloomberg |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=24 September 2018}} The company's services include helping banks and financial institutions screen for high risk customers and transactions,{{cite news |last=Cutter |first=Henry |date=6 December 2017 |title=The Morning Risk Report: EU's Tax Blacklist May Force Compliance Changes |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/riskandcompliance/2017/12/06/the-morning-risk-report-eus-tax-blacklist-may-force-compliance-changes/ |work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=24 September 2018 }} and providing databases such as Bankers Almanac which allows clients to find and validate bank payment routing data. Accuity serves financial services clients worldwide.

Cirium (previously known as FlightGlobal) provides data and aviation analytics products to the aviation, finance and travel industries.{{cite news|url=https://www.aviationnews-online.com/technology/flightglobal-rebranded-as-cirium/ |work=Aviation News |date=20 February 2019 |title=FlightGlobal rebranded as Cirium |access-date=27 September 2019}}

RELX's legal business operates under the LexisNexis brand. Many of LexisNexis' brands date back to the nineteenth century or earlier. These include Butterworths and Tolley in the UK and JurisClasseur in France.{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishlaw.org.uk/scotlaw/articlesbutter.html|title=Services offered by Butterworths Legal Publishers |work=Scottish Law|access-date=21 September 2015}} In 2019, 85% of its revenues were electronic. The LexisNexis legal and news database contains 119 billion documents and records.{{Cite web|title=RELX Annual Report 2019|url=https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/reports/annual-reports/2019-annual-report.pdf|website=RELX}}

RELX's exhibitions business is called RX, formerly Reed Exhibitions until 2021.{{Cite web |title=Reed Exhibitions unveils new brand identity and positioning {{!}} RX |url=https://rxglobal.com/reed-exhibitions-unveils-new-brand-identity-and-positioning |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=rxglobal.com}} It is the world's largest exhibitions company, running 500 shows for 140,000 exhibitors and 7 million visitors.{{cite web|url=http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/news/66680/niche-markets-to-boost-reed-elsevier-sales.aspx|author=Michael Corty|title=Niche markets to boost Reed Elsevier sales|work=Morning Star|date=20 September 2010|accessdate=21 September 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://fd.nl/ondernemen/1129117/relx-group-voor-een-kwart-onderweg-richting-bigdatabedrijf|author=Job Woudt|title=Relx Group voor een kwart onderweg richting bigdatabedrijf|work=Financiele Dagblat|accessdate=8 December 2015}}

{{Anchor|ReedPop}}ReedPop, part of RX, organises popular culture events including New York Comic Con and PAX.{{cite web|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/reedpop-launches-new-engage-data-platform|title=ReedPop launches new Engage data platform|publisher=Games Industry Biz|date=12 September 2022|access-date=24 May 2023}} {{Anchor|Popverse}}In February 2018, ReedPop acquired Gamer Network,{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Allegra |date=2018-02-26 |title=PAX organizer acquires USgamer, Eurogamer and more |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/2/26/17053662/reedpop-gamer-network-owner |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Polygon |language=en-US}} a British mass media company that owns a number of video game journalism sites including Eurogamer, Rock Paper Shotgun and VG247.{{Cite web |title=Digital |url=https://www.reedpop.com/digital |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=ReedPop |language=en}} Ecommerce store The Haul focused on pop culture memorabilia and merchandise was launched in 2021.{{Cite web |last=Buckley |first=Madeleine |date=2021-10-01 |title=ReedPop Launches The Haul, a Pop Culture Merch Marketplace |url=https://thepopinsider.com/news/reedpop-launches-the-haul/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602082230/https://thepopinsider.com/news/reedpop-launches-the-haul/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=The Pop Insider |language=en-US}} Popverse, a popular culture website, was founded in 2022.{{Cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Heidi |date=2022-05-18 |title=Syndicated Comics |url=https://www.comicsbeat.com/reedpop-announces-new-pop-culture-journalism-site-the-popverse/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=The Beat |language=en-US |archive-date=11 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511114229/https://www.comicsbeat.com/reedpop-announces-new-pop-culture-journalism-site-the-popverse/ |url-status=live }}

{{As of|2021|post=,}} the board of directors consisted of:{{cite web|url=https://www.relx.com/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors|title=Relx Group official website|access-date=15 March 2020}}

• Chair: Paul Walker
• Chief Executive: Erik Engström
• Chief Financial Officer: Nick Luff
• Non-executive directors:
• Wolfhart Hauser
• Robert MacLeod
• Charlotte Hogg
• June Felix
• Marike van Lier Lels
• Linda Sanford
• Andrew Sukawaty
• Suzanne Wood

In 2019, Harvard Business Review ranked Erik Engström the world's 11th best performing CEO.{{Cite news|date=2019-11-01|title=The Best-Performing CEOs in the World, 2019|work=Harvard Business Review|url=https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-best-performing-ceos-in-the-world-2019|access-date=2020-12-10|issn=0017-8012}}

In August 2020, RELX announced Sir Anthony Habgood would retire as Chair, to be replaced by Paul Walker in the first half of 2021.{{Cite news|title=Dealmakers: itching to hit the road|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a37b062e-e0ed-41c1-b633-13a84902f136 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/a37b062e-e0ed-41c1-b633-13a84902f136 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|newspaper=Financial Times|date=24 September 2020 }}

From 2011 to 2014, the average annual value of acquisitions was about $300m. The predictability of the company's results in recent years has led to a re-rating of the shares.{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/289e2c72-81cb-11e2-b050-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3dVbM5GfZ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/gscPs |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|author=Jonathan Guthrie|title=EU left strikes a blow for top bankers|work=Financial Times|date=28 February 2013|access-date=23 September 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1a988712-25d1-11e3-8ef6-00144feab7de.html#axzz3dVbM5GfZ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/lP79m |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|author=Jonathan Guthrie|title=ICAP case gives enemies of the City a crate of free ammo|work=Financial Times|access-date=23 September 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.breakingviews.com/reed-at-$38-bln-rubs-up-against-new-class-of-peers/21186429.article|title=Reed at $38 bln rubs up against new class of peers|work=breakingviews.com|access-date=23 September 2015}}

The RELX Environmental Challenge awards grants to projects advancing access to safe water and sanitation.{{cite web|url=http://news.stanford.edu/thedish/2014/09/29/stanford-freshwater-solution-gets-global-recognition/|author=Rob Jordan|title=Stanford freshwater solution gets global recognition|work=Stanford News|date=29 September 2014|access-date=23 September 2015}}

In 2019, Mike Walsh, CEO of LexisNexis, was honoured by the UN Foundation with a Global Leadership award for the company's work in advancing the Rule of Law - recognizing the company's commitment to strengthening equality under law, transparency of law, independent judiciaries and accessible legal remedy.{{Cite web|date=2019-11-20|title=UN Foundation Honors Global Leaders on the Eve of the UN's 75th Anniversary|url=https://unfoundation.org/media/un-foundation-honors-global-leaders-eve-un-75th-anniversary/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=unfoundation.org|language=en-US}}

The Elsevier Foundation supports libraries in developing countries, women scientists and nursing facilities.{{cite web|url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-09/e-ews092911.php|title=11 women scientists announced as winners of Elsevier Foundation OWSD awards|date=29 September 2011|publisher=Eurekalert|access-date=23 September 2015}} In 2016 it committed $1m a year, for 3 years, to programmes encouraging diversity in science, technology and medicine and promoting science research in developing countries.{{cite web|url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/elsevier-foundation-support-diversity-stm-321306|title=Elsevier Foundation commits $1m to diversity in science|publisher=The Bookseller|date=2 February 2016|access-date=4 February 2016}}

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Legal & Professional include:

• With the Atlantic Council, launching the first draft of the Global Rule of Law Business Principles which will help businesses, law firms and NGOs promote and uphold the rule of law.{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/un-global-compact-to-adopt-global-rule-of-law-business-principles|title=UN Global Compact to Adopt "Global Rule of Law Business Principles"|date=20 September 2013|publisher=Atlantic Council|access-date=23 September 2015}}
• With the International Bar Association, launching an application called eyeWitness to Atrocities, designed to capture GPS coordinates, date and time stamps, sensory and movement data, and the location of nearby objects such as Wi-Fi networks. The technology also creates a secure chain of custody to help verify that the images and video has not been edited or digitally manipulated. The goal is to create content that can be used in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators of atrocities and human rights abuses.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-33029464|title=EyeWitness app lets smartphones report war crimes|work=BBC News|date=8 June 2015|access-date=23 September 2015}}

Programmes operated by LexisNexis Risk Solutions include:

• The ADAM (Automated Delivery of Alerts on Missing Children) programme in the US, developed by employees in 2000, which assists in the recovery of missing children through a system of targeted alerts.{{cite web|url=http://www.wistv.com/story/7789473/four-recently-recovered-missing-children-make-99-recoveries-for-choicepointrs-adam-program|title=Four Recently Recovered Missing Children Make 99 recoveries for ChoicePoint(R)'s ADAM Program|publisher=Wistv|date=29 January 2015|access-date=23 September 2015}} {{as of|2017}} the programme has helped trace 177 missing children.
• Social Media Monitor, which assists law enforcement officials in investigating serious crimes such as drug dealing and human trafficking.{{cite web|url=https://insidersurveillance.com/product-shoot-out-the-top-4-social-media-monitoring-apps-for-leas/|title=Product Shoot-Out: The Top 4 Social Media Monitoring Apps for LEAs|date=14 July 2014|work=Insider Surveillance|access-date=23 September 2015}}

{{further|Elsevier#Criticism and controversies}}

{{Main|Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows}}

{{Double image

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| caption1 = Dryden Mill

| caption2 = The Wabigoon River as it exits the Wabigoon Lake.

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The mercury contamination of the Wabigoon River in Ontario Canada by a corporate subsidiary between 1962 and 1970 was "one of the worst cases of environmental poisoning in Canadian history."{{Cite journal |last1=Philibert |first1=Aline |last2=Fillion |first2=Myriam |last3=Mergler |first3=Donna |date=April 1, 2020 |title=Mercury exposure and premature mortality in the Grassy Narrows First Nation community: a retrospective longitudinal study |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=–141–e148 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30057-7 |issn=2542-5196 |pmid=32353294 |doi-access=free}}{{cite report |url=https://archive.org/stream/finalreponorenviron00onta/finalreponorenviron00onta_djvu.txt |title=Report and Recommendations of the Royal Commission on the Northern Environment |last=Fahlgreen |first=J.E.J. |date=June 28, 1985 |publisher=Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General |location=Toronto, Ontario |pages=440 |isbn=0-7729-0628-9 |access-date=March 24, 2021}} Reed sold the Dryden Mill to Great Lakes Forest Products in 1980. As of 2017, Grassy Narrows First Nation chief Simon Fobister stated that the river remained highly contaminated.{{cite news |last=Loriggio |first=Paola |date=February 28, 2017 |title=Chief says mercury still leaking from mill near Grassy Narrows – According to Chief Simon Fobister, a new report suggests there is ongoing contamination from the Dryden, Ont., mill |url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/chief-says-mercury-still-leaking-from-mill-near-grassy-narrows/ |access-date=March 5, 2021}}

Reed Elsevier has been criticised for the high prices of its journals and services, especially those published by Elsevier. It has also supported SOPA, PIPA and the Research Works Act, although it no longer supports the last. Because of this, members of the scientific community have boycotted Elsevier journals. In January 2012, the boycott gained an online pledge and petition (The Cost of Knowledge) initiated by mathematician and Fields medalist Sir Timothy Gowers.{{cite magazine|title=Testify: The Open Science Movement Catches Fire|url=https://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/01/testify-the-open-science-movement-catches-fire/|access-date=2 February 2012 |magazine=Wired|first=David|last=Dobbs|date=30 January 2012}} The movement has received support from noted science bloggers, such as biologist Jonathan Eisen.{{cite web|author=Jop de Vrieze|title=Thousands of Scientists Vow to Boycott Elsevier|url=http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/02/thousands-of-scientists-vow-to-b.html|work=Science Magazine|date=1 February 2012|access-date=2 February 2012}} Between 2012 and February 2023, about 20,500 scientists signed The Cost of Knowledge boycott.{{cite web|url=http://www.thecostofknowledge.com/|title=The Cost of Knowledge|access-date=15 February 2023}}

On 28 February 2019, following long negotiations, the University of California announced it would be terminating all subscriptions with Elsevier.{{cite web|author=UC Office of the President|title=UC terminates subscriptions with world's largest scientific publisher in push for open access to publicly funded research|url=https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly|date=28 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305103252/https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-terminates-subscriptions-worlds-largest-scientific-publisher-push-open-access-publicly|archive-date=5 March 2019}} On 16 March 2021, following further negotiations and significant changes including (i) universal open access to University of California research and (ii) containing the "excessively high costs" being charged by publishers, the university renewed its subscription.{{cite news|url=https://osc.universityofcalifornia.edu/uc-publisher-relationships/uc-and-elsevier/|title=UC and Elsevier|date=16 March 2021|publisher= University of California|access-date=15 February 2023}}

As a data broker Reed Elsevier collected, used, and sold data on millions of consumers.{{cite web|url=http://www.commerce.senate.gov/public/?a=Files.Serve&File_id=0d2b3642-6221-4888-a631-08f2f255b577|title=A Review of the Data Broker Industry: Collection, Use, and Sale of Consumer Data for Marketing Purposes|publisher=US Senate|access-date=21 March 2015}} In 2005, a security breach occurred through a recently purchased subsidiary, Seisint, which allowed identity thieves to steal the records of at least 316,000 people.{{cite web|url=http://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2008/03/agency-announces-settlement-separate-actions-against-retailer-tjx|title=Agency Announces Settlement of Separate Actions Against Retailer TJX, and Data Brokers Reed Elsevier and Seisint for Failing to Provide Adequate Security for Consumers Data|date=27 March 2008|publisher=Federal Trade Commission|access-date=21 March 2015}} The database contained names, current and prior addresses, dates of birth, drivers license numbers and Social Security numbers, among other data obtained from credit reporting agencies and other sources. In 2008 the company settled an action taken against it by the Federal Trade Commission for multiple failures of security practice in how the data was stored and protected. The settlement required Reed Elsevier and Seisint to establish and maintain a comprehensive security program to protect nonpublic personal information.

Between 2005 and 2007, members of the medical and scientific communities, which purchase and use many journals published by Reed Elsevier, agitated for the company to cut its links to the arms trade. Two UK academics, Tom Stafford of Sheffield University and Nick Gill, launched petitions calling for it to stop organising arms fairs.{{cite web|url=http://www.idiolect.org.uk/elsevier/petition.php |title=Elsevier petition|work=idiolect.org.uk|access-date=21 March 2015}} A subsidiary, Spearhead, organised defence shows, including an event where it was reported that cluster bombs and extremely powerful riot control equipment were offered for sale.{{Cite news |first=Saeed |last=Shah |title=Cluster bombs on offer at arms fair despite sales ban |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article312473.ece |work=The Independent |location=UK |date=14 September 2005 |access-date=21 February 2007 }}{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Norton-Taylor |author-link=Richard Norton-Taylor|title=Banned stun guns and leg irons advertised at arms fair |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,1571378,00.html |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=16 September 2005 |access-date=21 February 2007}} In February 2007 Richard Smith, former editor of the British Medical Journal, published an editorial in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine arguing that Reed Elsevier's involvement in both the arms trade and medical publishing constituted a conflict of interest.{{Cite news |first=Richard |last=Smith |title=Lancet publishers condemned over promotion of arms |url= http://www.rsm.ac.uk/media/pr234.htm |work=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=18 March 2007 }} Subsequently, in June the company announced that they would be exiting the defence exhibition business during the second half of the year.{{Cite news |title=Reed Elsevier says to exit defence industry shows |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-reedelsevier-defence-idUKL0135316020070601|publisher=Reuters|date=1 June 2007|access-date=18 September 2015}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

In November 2019, legal scholars and human rights activists called on RELX to cease work with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement because their product LexisNexis directly contributes to the deportation of illegal immigrants.{{cite news |last=Currier |first=Cora |date=14 November 2019 |title=Lawyers and Scholars to LexisNexis, Thomson Reuters: Stop Helping ICE Deport People |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/14/ice-lexisnexis-thomson-reuters-database/ |work=The Intercept}}

An article in The Guardian in February 2022 revealed that Elsevier products and services support expanding the production aims of the fossil fuel industry. The company disclosed that it is "not prepared to draw a line between the transition away from fossil fuels and the expansion of oil and gas extraction."{{Cite news |title=Revealed: leading climate research publisher helps fuel oil and gas drilling |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/24/elsevier-publishing-climate-science-fossil-fuels|date=24 February 2022|access-date=1 October 2022}} In response, the Union of Concerned Scientists and Scientists for Global Responsibility launched a petition in 2022, and issued a response to the company's reply in 2023. UCS noted in a blog post that "Elsevier and RELX claimed to be focused on a transition to clean energy. Given the services Elsevier and RELX continue to provide, these claims are demonstrably false."{{cite web|author=Union of Concerned Scientists|title=Elsevier and RELX's Climate Problem|url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/elsevier-and-relxs-climate-problem|date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926113537/https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/elsevier-and-relxs-climate-problem|archive-date=26 September 2023}} Scientists for Global Responsibility also noted on their website that the company's "actions fall short of meeting the standards set in their own pledges"{{cite web|author=Scientists for Global Responsibility|title=Elsevier is still enabling high-carbon emitters|url=https://www.sgr.org.uk/resources/elsevier-still-enabling-high-carbon-emitters|date=19 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014015047/https://www.sgr.org.uk/resources/elsevier-still-enabling-high-carbon-emitters|archive-date=14 October 2023}} and pointed campaigners to the website of Climate Rights Coalition,{{cite web|author=Climate Rights Coalition|title=Climate Rights Coalition homepage | url=https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012185403/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/|archive-date=12 October 2023}} which revealed such concerns had been raised by employees years prior.{{cite web|author=Climate Rights Coalition|title=Climate Rights Coalition advocacy page |url=https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017013259/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy|archive-date=17 October 2023}}

• {{Portal-inline|Companies}}

{{Reflist}}

; General references

{{refbegin}}

• [https://www.theguardian.com/life/badscience/story/0,,2010036,00.html Guardian Unlimited, "Bad Science" by Ben Goldacre] about Open Access and DSEI arms trade
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050627025717/http://www.ketupa.net//elsevier2.htm ketupa.net media profile: Reed Elsevier] historical overview
• [https://www.forbes.com/global/2002/1111/044.html "Double Dutch No Longer"]—in-depth article about the company from 2002 (Forbes.com)
• [http://www.cfo-insight.com/human-capital-career/executive-change/duncan-palmer-becomes-reed-elsevier-cfo/ "Duncan Palmer Becomes Reed Elsevier CFO"]—Online article about the new CFO of Reed Elsevier, accessed 09/17/2012

{{refend}}

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