RRH Portreath

File:Halifax and Horsa take off from Cornwall for North Africa 1943.jpg of No. 295 Squadron RAF based at Holmesley South, getting airborne from Portreath, Cornwall, towing Airspeed Horsa glider to Tunisia, during Operation Beggar, 1943]]

Previously known as RAF Portreath, the station was built during 1940, opened in March 1941 and had a varied career during the Second World War, initially as a RAF Fighter Command station, from October 1941 as a ferry stop-over for aircraft bound to/from North Africa and the Middle East,{{cite book |last1=O'Connor |first1=Bernard |title=RAF Tempsford: Churchill's Most Secret Airfield |date=August 2010 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Ltd |page=34 |isbn=9781445610412 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omOoAwAAQBAJ&q=raf+portreath&pg=PT35 |accessdate=28 December 2018}} as a temporary stop-over for United States Army Air Forces and Royal Canadian Air Force units, and then as a RAF Coastal Command station. By the end of the war, it had run down and in May 1950 was handed back to the government by the RAF.{{cite web|url=https://www.abct.org.uk/airfields/airfield-finder/portreath/ |title=Portreath |publisher=Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust|access-date=1 October 2021}}

The following squadrons were here at some point:

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• No. 66 Squadron RAF (1941/2){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=45}}
• No. 130 Squadron RAF (1941){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=59}}
• No. 143 Squadron RAF (1943/4){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=61}}
• No. 152 Squadron RAF (1941){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=62}}
• No. 153 Squadron RAF (1942){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=63}}
• No. 234 Squadron RAF (1942){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=75}}
• No. 235 Squadron RAF (1943/4){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=75}}
• No. 247 Squadron RAF (1941){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=77}}
• No. 248 Squadron RAF (1941/2 & 1944){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=78}}
• No. 263 Squadron RAF (1941 & 1942){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=80}}
• No. 264 Squadron RAF (1942){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=80}}
• No. 275 Squadron RAF (1944/5){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=82}}
• No. 276 Squadron RAF (1941/4){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=82}}
• No. 277 Squadron RAF (1944/5){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=82}}
• No. 286 Squadron RAF (1942/4){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=83}}
• No. 313 Squadron RAF (1941){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=86}}
• No. 400 Squadron RCAF (1942){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=89}}
• No. 414 Squadron RCAF (1943){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=90}}
• No. 613 Squadron RAF (1943){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=100}}
• No. 639 Squadron RAF (1944/5){{sfn|Jefford|1988|p=101}}

}}

Units:

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• No. 131 Airfield Headquarters (Polish) RAF
• No. 135 Airfield RAF
• No. 153 (General Reconnaissance) Wing RAF
• No. 330 (Bomber) Wing RAF
• No. 1487 (Target Towing) Flight RAF became No. 1487 (Fighter) Gunnery Flight RAF{{sfn|Lake|1999|p=91}}
• No. 2735 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2749 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2750 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2758 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2763 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2786 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2796 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2811 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2839 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2883 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 2953 Squadron RAF Regiment
• No. 3207 Servicing Commando
• Armament Synthetic Development Unit
• ASR Flight
• Overseas Aircraft Despatch Unit, Kemble and Portreath became No. 1 Overseas Aircraft Despatch Unit RAF{{sfn|Lake|1999|p=153}}

}}

The base reverted to its local name Nancekuke and became an outstation of Chemical Defence Establishment (CDE) Porton Down. Manufacture of the nerve agent Sarin in a pilot production facility commenced there in the early 1950s, producing about 20 tons of the nerve agent from 1954 until 1956. Nancekuke became an important factory for stockpiling the UK's Chemical Defences during the Cold War. Periodically, small amounts of VX were also produced at Nancekuke. Production of VX agent was intended mainly for laboratory test purposes, but also to validate plant designs and optimise chemical processes for potential mass-production. However, full-scale mass-production of VX agent never took place. In the late 1950s, the chemical weapons production plant at Nancekuke was mothballed, but was maintained through the 1960s and 1970s in a state whereby production of chemical weapons could easily re-commence if required.{{cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/Nancekuke/ |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101208174527/http://www.mod.uk:80/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/Nancekuke/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2010 |title=Nancekuke Remediation Project |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Archived by The National Archives)|accessdate=25 April 2012}}

In 2000 it was reported that former workers at the Nancekuke base had died as a result of exposure to nerve gas, and the matter was raised in the Houses of Parliament.{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/608113.stm|publisher=BBC News |title= Workers 'poisoned' at nerve gas base}} It was alleged by The Independent that toxic materials had been dumped in nearby mineshafts.[https://archive.today/20130803133714/http://www.questia.com/library/1P2-5082731/ministry-admits-chemical-war-dump Ministry admits chemical war dump] Works to cleanse the site began in 2003.{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/cornwall/3188995.stm|title=Chemical base area considered safe|date=28 August 2003}}

Many of the CDE buildings were demolished in 1979–1980. From 1978 to 1981, some buildings on the site were used by Pattern Recognition Munitions for small arms ammunition development. The company also constructed a 100-yard firing range for ammunition testing. The RAF re-opened parts of the site as a manned radar station in October 1980, a Control and Reporting Post (CRP) for UK Air Surveillance. In 1986 an underground CRP was built as part of the new UKADGE (United Kingdom Air Defence and Ground Environment) project. New mobile radar systems manufactured by Marconi Electronic Systems, including an S723 Martello (RAF Type 91), and telecommunication installations were added during the mid-1980s. In the late 1990s, the installation became remote operation, and the primary radar was replaced with the British Aerospace (BAe) Type 101. The radar now in use at Portreath is a Type 102 Air Defence Radar.{{Cite web|url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/319115/response/779865/attach/3/20160309%20AIR%20DEFENCE%20RADAR%20RRH%20PORTREATH%20FOI%2002644%20Response.pdf?cookie_passthrough=1|title=Freedom of Information Request (Ministry of Defence) 2016/02644|date=9 March 2016|website=What Do They Know}} During May 1995, ceased as an independent RAF station and became a satellite of RAF St Mawgan.{{sfn|March|1996|p=79}}

As part of a major upgrade of RRH sites around the U.K. the MOD began a programme titled HYDRA in 2020 to install new state of the art communications buildings, radar towers and bespoke perimeter security.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcdoservices.gov.uk/upgrading-raf-remote-radar-heads/|title = Upgrading RAF Remote Radar Heads|date = 17 June 2021}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcdoservices.gov.uk/behind-the-scenes-of-programme-hydra/|title = Behind the scenes of Programme HYDRA|date = 23 June 2021}}

The surrounding area is occasionally used for rallying. Although data is sent and used by the UK's Control and Reporting centres, Portreath's parent station was RAF St. Mawgan for administration.{{cite web|url=https://www.rafastmawgan.org/about-raf-st-mawgan/|title=About St Mawgan|publisher=RAF St Mawgan|access-date=18 February 2022}}

{{Portal|Cornwall}}

• Chemical weapons and the United Kingdom
• Improved United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment – UK air defence radar system in the UK between the 1990s and 2000s
• Linesman/Mediator – UK air defence radar system in the UK between the 1960s and 1984
• List of Royal Air Force stations
• NATO Integrated Air Defense System

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Jefford |first1= C. G. |title= RAF Squadrons. A comprehensive record of the movement and equipment of all RAF squadrons and their antecedents since 1912 |year=1988 |publisher= Airlife |location= Shrewsbury, UK |isbn= 1-85310-053-6 }}
• {{cite book |last1=Lake |first1=Alan|title= Flying units of the RAF |year=1999 |publisher= Airlife |location= Shrewsbury, UK |isbn= 1-84037-086-6 }}
• {{cite book |last1=March|first1=Peter R.|title=Royal Air Force Yearbook 1996|year=1996|publisher= Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund|location=Fairford, UK}}
• Smith, Graham (2000). Devon and Cornwall airfields in the Second World War. Countryside Books, 288pp, {{ISBN|1-85306-632-X}}.

{{Commons category|RAF Portreath}}

• [http://www.subbrit.org.uk/rsg/sites/p/portreath/index1.html Subterranea Britannica – Portreath Reporting Post]

{{Royal Air Force}}

{{Royal Air Force radar stations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Portreath}}

Category:Air defence radar stations

Category:Royal Air Force stations in Cornwall

Category:Military installations established in 1941

Category:1940 establishments in England