Rafael Advanced Defense Systems

File:Operation Guardian of the Walls, May 2021. XVIII.jpeg air defense and C-RAM system]]

File:Spike LR 3.jpg anti-tank missile launcher]]

File:Python5-missile001.jpg

File:Popey missile.jpg]]

File:Trophy-APS--Merkava-4M-pic01-Zachi-Evenor (cropped).jpg, "Windbreaker", on an Israeli Merkava Mk IV main battle tank]]

Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{langx|he|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{langx|he|חמד}}) under the leadership of Shlomo Gur. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Script/Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 David Ben-Gurion decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.The bomb is the basement, page 43

In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL ({{langx|he|רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה|lit=Armament Development Authority}}).The bomb is the basement, page 113 It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=17|language=he}}

In 1995, Yitzhak Rabin asked Amos Horev to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.{{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |access-date=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }} Horev served as chairman until January 2001.

During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit center, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.{{cite news|title=Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=368672|newspaper=Globes|date=May 1, 1997}}

The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a limited company (although still as a government-owned corporation), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in R&D programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.{{cite news|title=Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=781005|newspaper=Globes|date=March 17, 2004}} By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million ILS (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.{{Cite news|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016|last=Azulai|first=Yuval|date=March 20, 2017|website=Globes}}

On October 14, 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.

• Python – an air-to-air missiles system.
• Spike – a fourth generation{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile
• Popeye – an air-to-ground missile system.
• Popeye Turbo SLCM – believed to be a nuclear-tipped submarine-launched cruise missile[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons]. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
• Iron Beam – laser missile defense system
• Iron Dome – an air defense system to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|access-date=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}
• TROPHY{{Cite web |title=TROPHY® Active Protection System for AFVs |url=https://www.rafael.co.il/worlds/land/trophy-aps/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=www.rafael.co.il}}{{Cite web |title=TROPHY™ - Active Protection System (APS) and Hostile Fire Detection (HFD) for Armored Vehicles |url=https://www.leonardodrs.com/what-we-do/products-and-services/trophy-active-protection-system-aps/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Leonardo DRS |language=en-US}}– an active protection system for armored vehicles.
• Protector USV – an unmanned surface vehicle (unmanned, autonomous naval combat system){{cite web |title=Protector |work=Defence Updates |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |access-date=2007-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503115143/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |archive-date=2007-05-03 |url-status=dead }}
• David's Sling – surface-to-air missile system.

In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a technology transfer company, was established as a joint venture with Elron Electronic Industries; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101143126/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 January 2009|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}} The company established and developed several companies including:

• Given Imaging – focusing on capsule endoscopy technologies.[http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm Invest in Israel: Given Imaging] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}
• Oramir Semiconductor Equipment – a developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today sold to Applied Materials in 2001 for $21 million.{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01|access-date=10 July 2015}}
• Starling Advanced Communications (TASE:STLG) – a provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for airliners.{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|access-date=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
• Galil Medical – a developer of cryotherapy solutions.{{cite news|title=Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000546886&fid=1725|newspaper=Globes|date=15 March 2010}}
• SELA Semiconductor Engineering Laboratories – a provider of automated sample preparation tools for semiconductor manufacturers, sold to Camtek Intelligent Imaging.
• 3DV Systems – developers of the ZCam, a time-of-flight camera products for video applications, sold to Microsoft.{{cite web |first=Shmulik |last=Shelah |title=Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000460733 |work=Globes |publisher=Globes Publisher Itonut |location=Tel Aviv |date=2009-06-22 |quote=[Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." |access-date=2009-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626051708/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docView.asp?did=1000460733 |archive-date=2009-06-26 }} [http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218202558/http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 |date=18 February 2012 }}
• Medingo – developer of a micro pump insulin delivery system consists of two parts: a semi-disposable insulin dispensing patch and a remote control, which allows for discreet personalized insulin delivery. The company was sold to Hoffmann-La Roche's subsidiary Roche Diagnostics for $160 million as well as up to $40 million in milestone payments.{{cite news|title=Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo|url=https://www.diabetesdaily.com/forum/diabetes-news/41612-roche-acquires-insulin-pump-company-medingo|newspaper=Diabetes Daily|date=14 April 2010}}

File:Spyder missile system.jpg

• Air Defense systems
• Iron Dome
• Tamir, missile used by Iron Dome
• C-Dome (the naval version of Iron Dome)
• MIC4AD
• SPYDER
• David's Sling
• Drone Dome
• Iron Beam
• SkySonic
• Air to Air missiles
• Python-5
• I-Derby
• I-Derby ER
• Sky Spear (missile)
• Air to Surface missile
• Spice (bomb) Family
• SPARROW family
• Rocks Family, unveiled in February 2019.{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Robin |title=Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |website=Jane's 360 |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211407/https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |archive-date=2019-02-20 |location=London |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Ahronheim |first1=Anna |title=Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks' |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |website=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190220211431/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |archive-date=2019-02-20 |date=20 February 2019 |url-status=live }}
• Electronic Warfare Systems
• SKY SHIELD Escort Jamming pod
• C-GEM Active Offboard Decoy
• Precision Guided missiles
• SPIKE ER
• SPIKE LR
• SPIKE NLOS
• Sea Breaker
• Missile upgrade kits
• Electro-optical Precision Integration Kit (EPIK){{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5277924,00.html|title='Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system|author=Zitun , Yoav|work=Ynetnews|date=March 6, 2018|access-date=June 4, 2018}}
• Active Protection System
• TROPHY an active armor protection system, "Windbreaker" (Hebrew: מעיל רוח)
• Remote-controlled weapon station
• Rafael OWS (nicknamed "MAG Rafael" by the IDF)
• Samson RCWS (Hebrew name: קטלנית)
• Typhoon Weapon Station for naval applications and military ships
• Demining Systems
• Rafael Carpet

{{Div col}}

• Elbit (El-Op)
• Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)
• Israel Military Industries
• Israel Shipyards
• Military equipment of Israel
• Soltam

{{Div col end}}

{{reflist}}

• The bomb in the basement, Michael Karpin, Ed Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6595-9}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
• [http://www.rdc.co.il Rafael Development Corporation]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20050129014441/http://www.eurosatory.mod.gov.il/pdfs/rafae1.pdf Rafael at EurpStory 2004]
• [http://www.rafael.co.il/web/rafnew/events/lic-05.htm Rafael at the LIC-2005 conference]
• [https://rafael-uk.com Rafael UK]

{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}

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{{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}}

Category:Government-owned companies of Israel

Category:Defense companies of Israel

Category:Companies based in Haifa

Category:1948 establishments in Israel

Category:Companies established in 1948

Category:Unmanned surface vehicle manufacturers

Category:Haifa in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict