Ranchi#Tourist attractions

According to one popular tale, Thomas Wilkinson, a British captain, choose Archi (an Oraon tribal village) as headquarters. Archi means bamboo forest in local Nagpuri dialect. The British inadvertently named Archi as "Ranchi". Captain Wilkinson renamed Kishunpur village as Rachi. Up to 1927, the place was known as Rachi.{{cite web|url=https://www.focusmagazine.in/1800s-when-british-developed-ranchi-as-summer-capital/|title=1800s: When British Developed Ranchi As Summer Capital|website=focusmagazine|date=13 August 2018|access-date=16 January 2020}}Cultural Configuration of Ranchi, Lalita Prasad Vidyarthi, Rajendra Behari Lal, India. Planning Commission. Research Programmes Committee, 1969, p. 306.Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society Of Bengal, Volume 4, No. 11, 1927, "The Etymology of Ranchi", p. 601.

In his book The Mundas and Their Country, anthropologist Sarat Chandra Roy writes that the name of the city is derived from the Mundari word aranchi, referring to a short stick used in driving cattle,{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Sarat Chandra|title=The Mundas and Their Country|publisher=Jogendra Nath Sarkar at City Book Society|year=1912|location= Calcutta.|pages=142–143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xzIkAAAAMAAJ }} [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.215493/page/n176/ Alt URL] whereas others have opined that aranchi refers to bi-weekly market.{{Cite book |last1=Misra |first1=R. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30XFyeeYs5cC&pg=PA96 |title=Fundamentals of Cartography |last2=Misra |first2=Rameshwar Prasad |last3=Ramesh |first3=A. |date=1989 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-222-4 |pages=96 |language=en}}

According to another local story, Ranchi's name comes from a local bird named rici that was found mostly in the Pahari Mandir premises.{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} Rici is the name for the black kite (Milvus migrans) in the Mundari language, the modern-day landmark of Ranchi city, the Pahari Mandir, is also known as Rici Buru (रिचि बुरु) — the hill of the kites{{Cite book|title=Sylvan tales : stories from the Munda country|last=Samar|first=Bosu Mullick|isbn=9789384465056|location=Kolkata, India|publisher=Adivaani|oclc=935915532|year = 2015}} — and the city originated on the foothills of Rici Buru with the construction of Bada Talab by Commissioner Thomas Wilkinson at the same site.

{{Main|History of Ranchi district}}

The earliest evidence of use of several iron slag, pot sheds, iron tools found in Chota Nagpur region around 1400 BCE.{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Upinder |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |date=2008 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=9788131711200 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA220 |language=en}} Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of the Ashoka. Armies of Samudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition to the Deccan. In the 4th century CE, Nagvanshi king Raja Pratap Rai chose Chutia as his capital which is now a place in Ranchi. Few ruins of Chutia trace back to the 2nd century CE.{{cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2009/05/11/archaeologistsuncover-remains-of-ancient-empire-injharkhan.html|title=Archaeologists uncover remains of ancient empire in Jharkhand|date=11 May 2009|website=oneindia.com}}{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/800-years-come-alive-in-pithoria-s-relics-archaeological-explorations-in-two-hamlets-yield-artefacts-from-12th-century-to-colonial-times/cid/482858|title=800 years come alive in Pithoria's relics – Archaeological explorations in two hamlets yield artefacts from 12th Century to colonial times|website=m.telegraphindia.com}}{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ancient-capital-to-open-for-visitors-caves-temples-at-sutiambe-to-offer-peek-into-history/cid/543971|title=Ancient capital to open for visitors – Caves & temples at Sutiambe to offer peek into history|website=m.telegraphindia.com}} With the expansion of the Mughal Empire, the sovereign status of the Nagvanshi dynasty was technically affected, but they continued to rule and administer independently. Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo made Satranji as capital of Barkagarh estate near Subarnarekha river. He built Jagannath Temple in 1691.{{cite news|title=Jagannath Temple (Ranchi)|url=http://jharkhandsamachar.com/tourism/religeous-places/jagannath-temple-ranchi/|access-date=7 March 2012|newspaper=Jharkhand Samachar|date=20 May 2010}}{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/400-stalls-to-offer-rich-fare-at-Rath-Mela/articleshow/48108610.cms|title=400 stalls to offer rich fare at Rath Mela|website=timesofindia.com}}

File:IMGJagannathpur Temple.jpg, Ranchi|left]]

After the Battle of Buxar, Nagvanshi became a vassal of the East India Company. The British reduced Nagvanshi rulers to Jamindar in 1817 due to rebellion of Jagirdars under Nagvanshi against tax imposition by East India Company and directly ruled Chotanagpur.{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/chotanagpur.html|title=CHOTA-NAGPUR (Zamindari)|website=members.iinet.net.au|access-date=5 May 2019|archive-date=5 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505023305/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/chotanagpur.html|url-status=dead}} In 1833, Captain Wilkinson established headquarter of the South-West Frontier agency in Lohardaga but in 1843 they moved the headquarters to the village of Kishunpur, which he renamed into Ranchi after the hamlet located at the foot of the Hill.{{cite web|title=Evolution and Growth of Ranchi City|url=http://14.139.13.47:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/17653/11/12_chapter%204.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Shodhganga}}{{Cite book |last1=Bihar (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AyxuAAAAMAAJ&q=when+ranchi+district+established+%221899%22 |title=Bihar District Gazetteers |last2=Choudhury |first2=Pranab Chandra Roy |date=1970 |publisher=Superintendant, Secretariat Press, Bihar |pages=2–3 |language=en}}{{cite book|author1=Asha Mishra|author2=Chittaranjan Kumar Paty|title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857–2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC&pg=PA85|year=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-686-2|pages=85–}} In 1855, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo declared independence from British rule. British attacked Satranji but he defeated British forces. He ruled independently for two years.{{Cite web|url=https://news8plus.com/my-soil-thakur-vishwanath-shahdev-took-iron-from-the-british-after-leaving-the-royal-palace/|title=My soil: Thakur Vishwanath Shahdev took iron from the British after leaving the royal palace|publisher=news8plus|date=12 August 2022|access-date=30 September 2022}} In the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo led soldiers of Ramgarh Battalion with Madhav Singh who was Jamadar of Ramgarh Battalion. Pandey Ganpat Rai, Tikait Umrao Singh and Sheikh Bhikhari also joined the rebellion. They attacked the British in Ranchi and compelled to flee them. But later they were defeated by East India company forces in Chatra and in Pithuriya with the help of the king of Pithuriya, Jagatpal Singh and hanged.{{cite journal | jstor=44143953 | title=The Role of Bishwanath Sahi of Lohardaga district, During the Revolt of 1857 in Bihar | author= Mathur Das Ustad | journal= Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | volume=58 | year=1997 | pages=493–500}}{{cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20160108/2765171.html|title=JPCC remembers freedom fighters Tikait Umrao Singh, Sheikh Bhikari|website=news.webindia123.com}} British made Ranchi as municipality in 1869. Ranchi was first termed as a town in the census of 1872,{{Cite journal|last=Smita|first=Linda|title=Land use changes in Ranchi city|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/246623|access-date=29 September 2020|journal=University|date=9 August 2011|hdl=10603/246623}} when entire Ranchi thhana has 116,426 inhabitants.{{Cite book |last=Beverley |first=H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5Y7AQAAMAAJ |title=Report of the Census of Bengal 1872 |date=1872 |publisher=Bengal Secretariat Press |pages=xxvii |language=en}} Nagvanshi shifted their capital to Ratu from Palkot in 1870. Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo built Ratu Palace in Ratu in 1900. He donated large tracts of land to build the infrastructure of the city.{{Cite news|url=https://www.outlookhindi.com/country/state/worlds-fifth-longest-monarchical-system-remembering-the-nagavansh-on-the-pretext-of-documentation-60775|title=दुनिया की पांचवीं सबसे लंबी राजतंत्रीय व्‍यवस्‍था, डॉक्‍यूमेंट्री के बहाने नागवंश की याद|date=9 August 2021|publisher=outlookhindi|access-date=22 August 2022}} Freedom fighter Birsa Munda died in the Ranchi jail on 9 June 1900.{{cite book|last=Neeraj|title=Birsa Munda|publisher=Ocean Books P Ltd 4/19 Asif Ali Road|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788188322930|pages=3–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZLBO_lOsnsC&q=birsa+munda&pg=PA3|date=January 2009}} In 1912, Jyotirindranath Tagore, the eldest brother of Rabindranath Tagore, settled in Ranchi. Tagore Hill, where his house was located, has been named after him in remembrance.{{cite web|date=2015-08-23|title=Jharkhand Tourism gets NOC to restore Tagore Hill's glory|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/jharkhand-tourism-gets-noc-to-restore-tagore-hill-s-glory/story-CQTISMosIqPPETX1YhqdTO.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}} The last ruler of the Nagvanshi dynasty was Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1931–2014).{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ratu-royals-welcome-goddess/cid/1312810|title=Ratu Royals Welcome Goddess|date=10 January 2014|website=telegraphindia}}

After independence, Ranchi saw significant increase in its population. Its population rate of growth was 3.5% in 1901 to 1941, which increased to 14% in 1951–1971. This was because of increased industrial and educational institutions being set up, as well as the arrival of post-partition refugees. Ranchi became an 'administrative-cum-industrial' town in 1958 when Heavy Engineering Corporation was set up. The succeeding years saw Ranchi becoming the headquarters for the Steel Authority of India Ltd and Central Coalfields Ltd. The city remained the summer capital of Bihar till the creation of Jharkhand in November 2000, when Ranchi became the capital of the new state.{{cite web|title=District Ranchi – About District |url=https://ranchi.nic.in/about-district/|access-date=2020-09-29|language=en-US}}

Ranchi lies at {{Coord|23.36|N|85.33|E|format=dms}} near the Tropic of Cancer. The city covers an area of {{convert|175|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and its average elevation is 651 m above sea level. Ranchi is located in the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau, which is the eastern section of the Deccan plateau.

Ranchi has a hilly topography and its dense tropical forests a combination that produces a relatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. However, due to the uncontrolled deforestation and development of the city, the average temperature has increased.{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Sultry-weather-likely-to-continue-in-city-for-now/articleshow/52662846.cms|title=Sultry weather likely to continue in city, for now |website=The Times of India|access-date=2016-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619080252/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Sultry-weather-likely-to-continue-in-city-for-now/articleshow/52662846.cms|archive-date=19 June 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}

File:Kanke Dam - Ranchi 9308.JPG|left]]

File:Tagore hill Ranchi.jpg|left]]

Although Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Climate Classification: Cwa), its location and the forests surrounding it combine to produce the unusually pleasant climate for which it is known. Summer temperatures range from 20 to 42 °C, winter temperatures from 0 to 25 °C. December and January are the coolest months, with temperatures dipping to the freezing point in some areas (Kanke). The annual rainfall is about 1,430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm.{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=590752&cityname=Ranchi,%20Jharkhand,%20India&units=|title=Ranchi, India Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)}}

{{Weather box

|width = auto

|location = Ranchi (1991–2020, extremes 1951–2020)

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 31.6

| Feb record high C = 35.5

| Mar record high C = 39.0

| Apr record high C = 43.4

| May record high C = 43.2

| Jun record high C = 43.3

| Jul record high C = 38.0

| Aug record high C = 34.6

| Sep record high C = 34.5

| Oct record high C = 35.2

| Nov record high C = 32.0

| Dec record high C = 30.6

|year record high C = 43.4

| Jan high C = 24.0

| Feb high C = 27.0

| Mar high C = 31.5

| Apr high C = 35.8

| May high C = 36.9

| Jun high C = 33.9

| Jul high C = 29.9

| Aug high C = 29.6

| Sep high C = 29.8

| Oct high C = 29.1

| Nov high C = 27.1

| Dec high C = 24.3

|year high C = 29.9

| Jan low C = 9.4

| Feb low C = 12.7

| Mar low C = 16.9

| Apr low C = 21.3

| May low C = 23.4

| Jun low C = 23.7

| Jul low C = 22.8

| Aug low C = 22.6

| Sep low C = 22.0

| Oct low C = 18.8

| Nov low C = 13.8

| Dec low C = 9.9

|year low C = 18.1

| Jan record low C = 1.0

| Feb record low C = 3.5

| Mar record low C = 8.6

| Apr record low C = 13.6

| May record low C = 16.0

| Jun record low C = 18.4

| Jul record low C = 19.2

| Aug record low C = 19.0

| Sep record low C = 17.2

| Oct record low C = 11.5

| Nov record low C = 7.0

| Dec record low C = 0.6

|year record low C = 0.6

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 17.7

| Feb rain mm = 19.3

| Mar rain mm = 28.1

| Apr rain mm = 24.9

| May rain mm = 59.0

| Jun rain mm = 246.1

| Jul rain mm = 331.3

| Aug rain mm = 320.9

| Sep rain mm = 247.2

| Oct rain mm = 91.9

| Nov rain mm = 7.5

| Dec rain mm = 11.0

|year rain mm = 1404.8

| Jan rain days = 1.7

| Feb rain days = 1.8

| Mar rain days = 2.4

| Apr rain days = 2.4

| May rain days = 4.4

| Jun rain days = 10.9

| Jul rain days = 15.9

| Aug rain days = 16.2

| Sep rain days = 12.1

| Oct rain days = 4.5

| Nov rain days = 0.7

| Dec rain days = 0.8

|year rain days = 73.7

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 47

| Feb humidity = 39

| Mar humidity = 31

| Apr humidity = 28

| May humidity = 39

| Jun humidity = 64

| Jul humidity = 81

| Aug humidity = 82

| Sep humidity = 79

| Oct humidity = 67

| Nov humidity = 56

| Dec humidity = 50

|year humidity = 55

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web |url=https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2023 |title=Climatological Tables 1991–2020 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |access-date=1 January 2023 |page=21}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = December 2016

| page = M85

| access-date = 19 August 2020}}

}}Ranchi has been ranked 32nd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}

{{Historical populations

|1872 |12086

|1881 |18443

|1891 |20306

|1901 |25970

|1911 |32994

|1921 |39628

|1931 |50517

|1941 |62562

|1951 |106849

|1961 |140253

|1971 |255551

|1981 |489626

|1991 |599306

|2001 |847093

|2011 |1073427

|source=Census of India{{Cite book|last=Gait|first=E. A.|author-link=Edward Albert Gait|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06YJAAAAIAAJ|title=Census of India – 1901, Vol- VIA – The lower probinces of Bengal and their Feudatourie (Part II, The Imperial Tables)|publisher=Bengal Secretariat Press|year=1909|page=16}}{{cite web |title = Population growth of ULBs in Jharkhand (1901 –2001) |url=http://rcueslucknow.org/states/Compendium%20of%20Urban%20Data%20(Jharkhand)/11.pdf

|website=The Regional Centre for Urban & Environmental Studies (RCUES) |access-date=November 2, 2023}}}}

{{As of|2011}} India census,{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}} Ranchi Municipal Corporation has a population of 1,073,427, The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,56,528 making it the 32nd most populous urban agglomeration in India. Males constitute 52.1% of the population and females 47.9%.{{cite web|title=About Ranchi City|url=http://www.ranchimunicipal.com/Other_Pages.aspx?wid=City_Introduction}} Ranchi has an average literacy rate of 87.68%.

The city witnessed a sudden surge in population after the creation of the new state of Jharkhand in 2000. Owing to the rising employment opportunities and opening of numerous regional and state level offices, banks and FMCG companies, the city witnessed a rapid influx of employment seeking migrants. As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was one of the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India with a share of 16.8%, followed by Mangalore and Mysore.[http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2806 Assocham report, 2010] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114102041/http://www.assocham.org/prels/shownews.php?id=2806 |date=14 January 2012 }}

{{Pie chart

|thumb = left

|caption = Languages spoken in Ranchi city (2011){{cite web |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10246/download/13358/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX|title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Jharkhand|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

|label1 = Hindi |value1 = 56.29 |color1 = orange

|label2 = Urdu |value2 = 12.15 |color2 = green

|label3 = Nagpuri |value3 = 10.23 |color3 = burlywood

|label4 = Bhojpuri |value4 = 4.41 |color4 = gold

|label5 = Bengali |value5 = 3.49 |color5 = orchid

|label6 = Kurukh |value6 = 3.00 |color6 = mediumseagreen

|label7 = Mundari |value7 = 2.32 |color7 = teal

|label8 = Magahi |value8 = 2.17 |color8 = coral

|label9 = Maithili |value9 = 1.56 |color9 = moccasin

|label10 = Others |value10 = 4.38 |color10 = grey

}}

Hindi is the lingua franca in Ranchi. Nagpuri is regional language of the region. Hindi is spoken by 799,133, Urdu by 130,457, Bengali by 37,450, Kurukh by 24,762 people, Mundari by 24,858 and Maithili by 16,746 people.

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Ranchi City (2011){{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Jharkhand|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11377/download/14490/DDW20C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India}}

|titlebar=#Fcd116

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|float=right

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|64.31}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|16.42}}

{{bar percent|Sarnaism|maroon|9.72}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|8.52}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|1.03}}

}}

Hinduism is the prominent religion of Ranchi followed by 64.31% of the population. Islam is the second most followed religion in the city by 16.42% of the people. Minorities are Christians 8.52%, Sikhs 0.39%, Jains 0.22%, Buddhists 0.06%, those that did not state a religion are 0.35%, and others are 9.72%.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

The municipal corporation covers an area of {{cvt|175|km2}} and is divided into 55 administrative wards, each represented by an elected corporator.{{cite web|title=RMC|url=http://www.ranchimunicipal.com/AboutUs.aspx?uid=1}}

At the time of the creation of the state of Jharkhand in 2000, the Bihar Municipal Act, 1922 was adapted as the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2000 to govern all ULBs in the new state. Ranchi Municipal Corporation was governed by its own municipal act, the Ranchi Municipal Corporation Act, 2001. With the enactment of the Jharkhand Municipal Act 2011, these two ceased to be in effect and the 2011 became the only governing legislature for all city governments in Jharkhand.{{cite web|title=Reform Measures in Municipal Administration – A Study of Jharkhand|url=https://cgg.gov.in/core/uploads//2017/07/ReformsunderJharkhandMpl_Act.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Centre for Good Governance}}

Under section 26 of the Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011, the positions of mayor and deputy mayor are elected directly i.e. the position holders are voted in by the people themselves.{{cite web|title=Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011|url=http://secjharkhand.nic.in/pdf/act_rule/Jharkhand%20Municipal%20Act%202011.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Jharkhand State Election Commission}} The last municipal election was in 2018 with a voter turnout of 49.3%, up from 38% in the last election in 2013.{{cite web|date=2018-04-20|title=Ranchi Municipal Corporation Poll 2018 Results: BJP's Asha Lakra Elected Mayor, Sanjeev Vijayavargiya Deputy Mayor|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/ranchi-municipal-corporation-election-2018-results-live-news-updates-counting-of-votes-for-ranchi-nagar-nigam-in-jharkhand-3010483/|access-date=2020-09-28|website=India.com|language=en}}{{cite web|author=Sanjay Ojha|date=Apr 9, 2013|title=Lowest ever turnout in Ranchi Municipal Corporation polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/Lowest-ever-turnout-in-Ranchi-Municipal-Corporation-polls/articleshow/19451609.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}} Asha Lakra and Sanjiv Vijayawargia – both from the Bharatiya Janta Party – won the mayoral and deputy mayoral seats.{{cite web|author=Dhritiman Ray|date=Apr 20, 2018|title=Ranchi Municipal Corporation: BJP wins Ranchi Municipal Corporation polls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/bjp-wins-ranchi-municipal-corporation-polls/articleshow/63845981.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}} The 2018 municipal election was the first time the mayoral and deputy mayoral candidates in Jharkhand could use political party symbols, while the candidates for councilor seats continued to use symbols allotted to them by the Jharkhand State Election Commission.{{cite web|title=Election Symbol Allotment Order, 2018|url=http://secjharkhand.nic.in/pdf/election_municipal/ME2018/144_2018.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Jharkhand State Election Commission}} The next municipal election will take place in 2023.{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet|url=http://www.ranchimunicipal.com/AboutUs.aspx?uid=2|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Ranchi Municipal Corporation}}

The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 mandates the establishment of ward committees for each ward in the municipality. Though ward committees have been formed in Ranchi, they are not active.{{cite web|title=Urban Governance Study: Jharkhand|url=https://www.praja.org/praja_docs/praja_downloads/Urban%20Governance%20Report%20on%20Jharkhand.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Praja Foundation}}

Ranchi city is part of the Ranchi Lok Sabha Constituency. Sanjay Seth won the seat in the 2019 General Election and represents this constituency at the Lok Sabha as a Member of Parliament.{{cite web|date=2019-05-23|title=Ranchi Lok Sabha Election Result 2019 LIVE Updates: Sanjay Seth of BJP wins |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/ranchi-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-live-updates-sanjay-seth-of-bjp-wins-6666391.html|access-date=2020-09-29|website=Firstpost}} Ranchi is part of the Ranchi Vidhan Sabha Constituency and the representative Member of Legislative Assembly at the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha is Chandreshwar Prasad Singh. Singh has held the post since 2000, with the last Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha election being in 2019. Both politicians belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party.{{cite web|title=CP Singh Election Result Ranchi Live: Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) Election Results 2019 CP Singh Ranchi Seat|url=https://www.news18.com/jharkhand-assembly-elections-2019/cp-singh-ranchi-candidate-s27a063c01/|access-date=2020-09-29|website=News18}}

File:Ranchi Airport Night View.jpg|left]]File:Ranchi Junction railway station entrance at night.jpg]]

The various infrastructure and civic services demands of the city are met by different entities, including Ranchi Municipal Corporation, state government departments, and parastatal organisations. The Ranchi Master Plan 2037 was created by a private consultant firm under the clientship of the Ranchi Municipal Corporation, Urban Development and Housing Department, and Ranchi Regional Development Authority.{{cite web|title=Ranchi Master Plan 2037|url=http://www.ranchimunicipal.com/docs/RANCHIMASTERPLAN%20_%20HINDI_complete.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Ranchi Municipal Corporation}}{{cite web|last=Anand|first=Geetika|title=Planning, "Violations," & Urban Inclusion: A Study of Ranchi|url=http://yuvaindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Ranchi-Final_For-Printing_May-2017_compressed.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=YUVA India}} Roads in Ranchi are developed and maintained by the municipal corporation, Jharkhand Government, Ranchi Regional Development Authority, and National Highways Authority of India.{{cite web|last1=Mehta|first1=Simi|last2=Kumar|first2=Arjun|title=Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Smart Cities: The Case of Ranchi|url=https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ORF_SpecialReport_81_Ranchi.pdf|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Observer Researcher Foundation}} The Water Supply Section of the municipal corporation is responsible for issuing water connections, maintaining hand pumps in wards, collecting water usage charges and fines, whereas the state government Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage Department supplies the water.{{cite web|title=Water Supply Department|url=http://ranchimunicipal.com/Departments.aspx?wid=14&gid=pg|access-date=28 September 2020|website=Ranchi Municipal Corporation}}{{cite web|last=Bhaduri|first=Amita|title=Water worried, Ranchi looks for a way out|url=https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/water-worried-ranchi-looks-way-out|access-date=2020-09-28|website=India Water Portal|date=13 December 2016 }} Ranchi is served by Dhurwa Dam. The Health Department of the corporation is responsible for the Solid Waste Management of the city. RMC operates buses in the city and has outsourced this to a private agency.{{cite web|title=Ranchi city bus service nears full stop|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/ranchi-city-bus-service-nears-full-stop/cid/1673482|access-date=2020-09-28|website=Telegraph India}}

• Airways - Birsa Munda Airport is the busiest airport in the state which connects direct flights from major cities of india like New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Lucknow and many more cities also a new terminal of airport is purposed.{{cn|date=July 2025}}
• Railways - Ranchi has four railway stations which connects direct trains from ranchi to major capital cities of india which includes New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Patna, and major of the cities of india. Their Names are 1. Ranchi railway station 2. Hatia railway station 3. Muri Junction railway station 4. Tatisilwai railway station.
• Roadways - Ranchi is well connected with all the major cities of india as and its neighbour states with National Highways Authority of India all districts of Jharkhand is well connected through road network.
• Buses There are two bus terminals Khadgarah and railway bus terminal majority of buses operate from these terminals.

Ranchi is one of the major industrial cities of Eastern India and located in the region called 'Ruhr of India' (Chota Nagpur) making it an ideal place for mineral based industries. Ranchi has presence of many well-known government and private organisations in the vicinity of city. SAIL-R&D, MECON.Ltd, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (Marine Diesel Engine Project), Central Coalfields, CMPDI.Ltd, Subarnarekha Hydel Project (JSEB), Usha Martin.Ltd (Wire Rope Division),{{cite web|url=http://www.ushamartin.com/facility/ranchi-facility/|title=Ranchi, India (Wire Ropes & Speciality Products Division) |website=Usha Martin|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-04}} DVC, STPI-Ranchi,{{cite web|url=http://www.ran.stpi.in/|title=Welcome To STPI Ranchi|website=www.ran.stpi.in|access-date=2020-01-04|archive-date=13 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213143727/http://www.ran.stpi.in/|url-status=dead}} Heavy Engineering Corp., Palriwal Industries, Pensol India, Waxpol Industries, Jharkhand Mega Food Park etc. are the prominent industries here.

The Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (FJCCI),{{cite web|url=https://www.fjcci.org/|title=Federation of Jharkhand Chamber of Commerce & Industries (formally Chotanagpur Chamber of Commerce & Industries)|website=www.fjcci.org|access-date=2020-01-04}} ASSOCHAM, MSME-DI and JIADA{{cite web|url=http://www.jiada.co.in/contact.php|title=Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Authority|website=www.jiada.co.in|access-date=2020-01-04}} are major apex industrial bodies present here. JIADA consists many industrial areas in Ranchi, e.g. – Kokar, Tatisilwai, Namkum etc. are among them.

As per a study done by ASSOCHAM in late 2010, Ranchi was the highest employment generating Tier-III cities in India followed by Mangalore and Mysore.{{cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/finance/ranchi-tops-tier-iii-cities-in-creating-jobs-in-q4-report-news-default-ldvuakgchdhsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425081854/https://www.sify.com/finance/ranchi-tops-tier-iii-cities-in-creating-jobs-in-q4-report-news-default-ldvuakgchdhsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 April 2021|title=Ranchi tops tier-III cities in creating jobs in Q4: Report|website=Sify|language=en|access-date=2020-01-04}} MECON Ltd Company has its headquarters in Ranchi at Ashok Nagar. Jharkhand Industrial Area Development Association has its office in Namkum. Central Coalfields also has its headquarters in Ranchi.

Ranchi houses a number of companies. Along with Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Giridih it is one of the industrial hubs of the city.{{cn|date=July 2025}} Here are the following companies which are based in Ranchi and also headquartered in Ranchi itself:Mecon limited, Central Coalfields, Heavy Engineering Corporation, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute, Jharkhand Rajya Gramin Bank and Dzinex Technology.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

The main and major businesses here are located in Lalpur, Hindpiri, Lower Bazaar, Upper Bazaar and Doranda.{{cn|date=July 2025}}

STPI Ranchi has set up its branch at Namkum, Ranchi. It is usually an IT Park, which houses many IT companies. It is being planned to build more parks like this. OFFCO Park is another park which is built here. It is also a large and famous business park.

Lalpur, Doranda and Hindpiri are the business districts and financial districts in the city and the state. This place houses several shopping malls. Whole of Ranchi has several shopping malls which include: Nucleus Mall, Mall E Decor, JD Hi-Street Mall, Ranchi Central Mall, Laxmi Tower, Mall of Ranchi, City Center (Centre) Mall, Big Mall, Spring City Mall, Arakshan Shopping Mall, Shelter Mall, Ranchi Green City, Artic Mall, City Center or City Centre, City Mall and Galaxia Mall.

There are many other upcoming shopping malls and commercial projects

File:Ranchi 9239.JPG|Lalpur - Central business district

File:Ranchi hill.JPG|Central of Ranchi is the commercial, historical, cultural, financial and economic district hub of the city Ranchi

File:Hindpiri, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India - panoramio.jpg|Arjan Place at Hindpiri, Ranchi houses several companies including the Stock Holding Corporation of India Limited and Ricoh

|Software Technology Parks of India at Namkum, Ranchi

• Amity University, Jharkhand
• Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University
• Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
• Birsa Agricultural University
• Central Institute of Psychiatry Ranchi
• Central University of Jharkhand
• Doranda College, Ranchi
• Indian Institute of Information Technology, Ranchi
• Indian Institute of Management Ranchi
• National Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
• Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences
• Ranchi University
• Sarala Birla University
• National University of Study and Research in Law
• Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University
• Jharkhand University of Technology
• Jharkhand State Open University
• Jharkhand Rai University
• YBN University
• Sarala Birla University
• Usha Martin University
• ICFAI University, Jharkhand

• Association for Parivartan of Nation

• Sadar Medical College and Hospital
• Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences
• Central Institute of Psychiatry, Kanke{{cite web|url=http://cipranchi.nic.in/|title=Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi|website=cipranchi.nic.in|language=en|access-date=2018-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930231330/http://cipranchi.nic.in/|archive-date=30 September 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}
• Ranchi Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Allied Sciences{{cite web|title=RINPAS|url=http://rinpas.nic.in/history.html|access-date=2020-01-04|website=rinpas.nic.in}}{{cite news |last1=Pandey |first1=Shrutika |title=Jharkhand High Court Directs State To Constitute Review Boards Within Six Weeks & Appoint Non Official Members To State Mental Health Authority |url=https://livelaw.in/news-updates/jharkhand-high-court-directs-state-to-constitute-review-boards-within-six-weeks-appoint-non-official-members-to-state-mental-health-authority-180953 |access-date=17 September 2021 |work=livelaw.in |date=5 September 2021 |language=en}}

Ranchi is a center for numerous sports activities, including cricket, hockey, football, and many others.{{cite news |url=http://newswing.com/node/161 |title=Sports |access-date=2 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714172612/http://newswing.com/node/161 |archive-date=14 July 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }} The 34th National Games were successfully held in Ranchi in February 2011. An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium and a practice ground has been constructed. So far, this stadium has hosted three One day International matches and one T20 International match. Apart from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches for Kolkata Knight Riders, three champions league 2013 matches and Celebrity Cricket League matches for Bhojpuri Dabanggs. A tennis academy, which was inaugurated by Sania Mirza and Shoaib Malik, also runs beside the cricket stadium. Former Indian Cricket Team Captain M.S. Dhoni lives in Ranchi.{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204|title=Sania and Shoaib in Ranchi|access-date=9 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165410/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204|archive-date=8 April 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} The Ranchi franchise for Hockey India League was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team named the Ranchi Rhinos.{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Ranchi-franchise-becomes-third-team-in-Hockey-India-League/articleshow/16394320.cms | title=Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League | date=2012-09-14 | access-date=2 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508225654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | archive-date=8 May 2013 | url-status=live | work=The Times of India | df=dmy-all }}

File:JSCA cricket stadium Entrance.jpg

• Ranchi Rays (earlier Ranchi Rhinos)

• Jaipal Singh Stadium
• JSCA International Cricket Stadium
• Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium
• Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium
• Birsa Munda Football Stadium
• Mega Sports Complex

{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|text=Ranchi|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}

• Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park{{cite web|url=https://www.jharkhandzooauthority.org/|title=Jharkhand Zoo Authority|access-date=14 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319180705/https://www.jharkhandzooauthority.org/|archive-date=19 March 2018|url-status=usurped|df=dmy-all}}
• Dassam Falls
• Getalsud Dam(also known as Rukka Dam; built in 1971)
• Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church, the oldest church in eastern and northern India
• Harmu Housing Colony{{Cite web|title=Harmu Housing Colony vents ire over hotel plan|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/harmu-housing-colony-vents-ire-over-hotel-plan/cid/1675953|access-date=2020-12-01|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}
• Hundru Falls
• Jagannath Temple, built by Thakur Ani Nath Shahdeo, Raja of Barkagarh Jagannathpur in 1691.
• Jonha Falls, also known as Gautamdhara (the place dedicated to Gautam Buddha)
• Kanke Dam, also known as Gonda Dam built in 1955
• Rock Garden, built along Kanke Dam
• Nakshatra Van
• Pahari Mandir, temple dedicated to Lord Shiva
• Patratu Valley
• Ranchi Science Centre
• Ratu Palace, capital of Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur.
• Sita Falls
• Ranchi State Museum, State Art museum
• St.Mary's Cathedral, one of oldest church of Ranchi built in 1847
• Tagore Hill (related to Jyotindranath Tagore, brother of Rabindranath Tagore)

• Subodh Kant Sahay, Former Minister Government of India

• Prashant Kumar Ghosh, Ex-MP Ranchi
• Ravindra Varma, Ex-MP Ranchi
• Subodh Kant Sahay, Former Minister Government of India
• C.P. Singh (Indian politician).

• Rajesh Chauhan, former Indian cricketer, born in Ranchi{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27622.html |title=Rajesh Chauhan |publisher=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=30 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219225817/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/27622.html |archive-date=19 February 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}
• Deeba, Pakistani actress
• MS Dhoni, former captain of Indian Cricket Team
• Carl Haeberlin, German physician, born in Ranchi
• Madhu Mansuri Hasmukh, folk singer
• Rajesh Jais, actor
• Komal Jha, actress
• Anjana Om Kashyap, journalist and news presenter
• Neelu Kohli, actress
• Deepika Kumari, professional archer
• Supriya Kumari, actress
• Peter Mansfield, British journalist and historian, was born in Ranchi
• Pat Reid MBE MC, escapee from Colditz Castle, born in Ranchi
• Anushka Sen, actress
• Gopal Sharan Nath Shahdeo, Nagvanshi prince and MLA
• Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo, last Nagvanshi king
• Vishwanath Shahdeo, freedom fighter, born in Barkagarh, Ranchi
• Alisha Singh, dancer and choreographer

• Ranchi Metropolitan Region
• List of cities in Jharkhand
• 1967 Ranchi-Hatia riots

{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://ranchi.nic.in/ Website of the District Administration]
• {{Wikivoyage inline}}

{{Geographic Location

|Northwest = Daltonganj, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur, New Delhi

|North = Gaya, Patna, Gorakhpur, Kathmandu

|Northeast = Bokaro, Dhanbad, Durgapur, Siliguri, Guwahati

|West = Bhopal, Indore, Pune, Mumbai, Ahmedabad

|Centre = Ranchi

|East = Kolkata, Dhaka, Aizawl, Guwahati

|Southwest = Raipur, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Solapur, Goa

|South = Rourkela, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Chennai, Bangalore

|Southeast = Jamshedpur, Kharagpur, Bay of Bengal

}}

{{State and Union Territory capitals of India}}

{{Million-plus agglomerations in India}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division}}

{{Jharkhand}}

{{Portal bar|India}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Metropolitan cities in India