Mangalore

File:1652 Sanson Map of India - Geographicus - India-sanson-1652.jpg

Mangalore was named after the deity Mangaladevi, the presiding deity of the Mangaladevi Temple,{{cite book |last=Kameshwar |first=G. |publisher=Rupa & Co. |title=Tulu tales: a soota chronicle |isbn=978-81-291-0427-4 |year=2004 |page=8}} or a synonym of the goddess Tara of the Vajrayana Buddhist sect.{{cite book |last=Sadasivan |first=S.N. |title=A social history of India |year=2000 |publisher=APH Pub. Corp. |isbn=81-7648-170-X |pages=207–208}} According to local legend, a princess named Parimala or Premaladevi from Malabar{{cite book |last=Atmashraddhananda |first=Swami |title=A Pilgrimage To Western Ghats Temples in Karnataka |year=2013 |publisher=Sri Ramakrishna Math, Chennai |isbn=978-8178836157}} renounced her kingdom and became a disciple of Matsyendranath, the founder of the Nath tradition.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/New-names-invoke-a-hoary-past/articleshow/44873377.cms |title=New names invoke a hoary past |date=19 October 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=23 February 2015}} Having converted Premaladevi to the Nath sect, Matsyendranath renamed her Mangaladevi.{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1971 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General (Government of India) |year=1973 |pages=268 |volume=Part 6, Issue 1}} She arrived in the area with Matsyendranath, but had to settle near Bolar in Mangalore because she fell ill on the way. When she died, the people consecrated the Mangaladevi temple at Bolar in her honour.{{cite book |last=Kudva |first=Venkataraya Narayan |title=History of the Dakshinatya Saraswats |page=260 |asin=B0000CQ1JW |year=1972 |publisher=Samyukta Gowda Saraswata Sabha}} The city was named for the temple.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/silence-shores-698661.html |title=A travel guide to coastal Karnataka |date=20 October 2018 |access-date=15 February 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}

One of the earliest references to the city's name was in 715 CE when Pandyan King Chettian called the city Mangalapuram. The city and the coastal region were part of the Pandyan Kingdom. According to K.V. Ramesh, president of the Place Names Society of India, Mangaluru was first used in 1345 CE during Vijayanagara rule.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855190700.htm |title=Mangaluru: it has come a long way |access-date=27 July 2008 |first=M. |last=Raghuram |date=18 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108062642/http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/18/stories/2007071855190700.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu }} Many shilashasanas (stones) of the Vijayanagara period refer the city as Mangalapura. During the Alupa dynasty period, it was referred to as Mangalapura (Mangala means 'auspicious'). In the Kannada language, the city is known as Mangaluru, a reference to Mangaladevi (the suffix uru means town or city). Mangalore was historically an important centre of Indian Ocean trade on the Malabar coast.{{cite book |author=S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar |year=1942 |title=Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language |publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage}} Hence, it was also known by the name Manjalūr in Arabic. During British rule from 1799, the anglicised version Mangalore became the official appellation. According to historian George M. Moraes, however, the word Mangalore is the Portuguese corruption of Mangaluru.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qNHYAAAAMAAJ |title=The Christian Impact on South Kanara |first=Kranti K. |last=Farias |publisher=Church History Association of India |isbn=8175251255 |year=1999}}{{rp|2}} The city's name appears on maps as far back as the 1652 Sanson Map of India.{{cite web |title=1652 Sanson Map of India |url=http://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/India-sanson-1652 |access-date=19 March 2012 |publisher=Geographicus}}

Mangalore's diverse communities have different names for the city in their languages.{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/city-has-six-names-six-languages-and-official-one-mangaluru-least-popular-16480 |title=This city has six names in six languages, and the official one Mangaluru, is the least popular |access-date=17 September 2023 |date=6 November 2014 |newspaper=The News Minute |last=Sheth |first=Anisha}} In Tulu, which is the region's primary spoken language, the city is called Kudla ({{IPA|tcy|kuɖɭɐ|lang}}), meaning junction because it is situated at the confluence of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ALL-IN-A-NAME/articleshow/44871514.cms |title=ALL IN A NAME |access-date=23 February 2020 |date=19 October 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India}} In Konkani, Mangalore is referred to as Kodiyal ({{IPA|kok|koɖijəl|lang}}), the Byari name for the city is Maikala ({{IPA|ml|mɐi̯kɐlɐ|ipa}}),{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/filled-with-lore/article1418239.ece |title=Filled with lore |date=9 June 2008 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=23 February 2015}} and in Malayalam, the city is called "Mangalapuram" ({{IPA|ml|mɐŋɡɐlaːpuɾɐm|lang}}) meaning auspicious city (same mangala as the Kannada term). Mangalore was officially renamed "Mangaluru" by the Karnataka government on 1 November 2014.{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683 |title=Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November |date=18 October 2014 |access-date=26 February 2020 |newspaper=International Business Times |last=Variyar |first=Mugdha}}

{{Main|History of Mangalore}}

Mangalore's historical importance is highlighted by the many references to the city by foreign travellers.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/175417/unearthing-rich-past.html |title=Unearthing a rich past |date=11 July 2011 |access-date=17 July 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} During the first century CE, the Roman historian Pliny the Elder referred to a place called "Nitrias" and said it was an undesirable place for disembarkation because of the pirates who frequented its vicinity,{{cite book |title=Pliny the Elder, The Natural History |last=Bostock |first=John |publisher=Taylor and Francis |year=1855 |isbn=1173878041 |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D26#note-link33 |chapter=26 (Voyages to India)}} while Greek second-century historian Ptolemy referenced a place named "Nitra".{{cite book |title=Decay and Revival of Urban Centres in Medieval South India: (c. A.D. 600–1200) |last=Prasad |first=Om P. |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |year=1989 |isbn=9788171690060 |pages=163}} These references were probably about an area with the Netravati River which flows through Mangalore. In his sixth-century work Christian Topography, Cosmas Indicopleustes (a Greek monk) mentions Malabar as being the chief seat of the pepper trade and Mangarouth (port of Mangalore) as one of the five pepper markets which exported pepper.{{cite book |last=Indicopleustes |first=Cosmas |title=Christian Topography |author-link=Cosmas Indicopleustes |year=1897 |series=11 |isbn=1108012957 |publisher=The Tertullian Project |pages=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040104185449/http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cosmas_11_book11.htm 358–373]}}{{cite book |title=The Economic History of Ancient India |last=Das |first=Santosh Kumar |publisher=Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd |year=2006 |isbn=9788130704234 |pages=301}}

According to Kerala Muslim tradition, the Masjid Zeenath Baksh at Mangalore is one of the oldest mosques in Indian subcontinent.{{cite news |url=https://www.karnataka.com/mangalore/zeenath-baksh-masjid/ |title=Zeenath Baksh Masjid {{!}} Zeenath Baksh Masjid Mangalore {{!}} Zeenath Baksh Masjid History|date=2 December 2017|work=Karnataka.com |access-date=30 June 2018|language=en-US}} According to the Legend of Cheraman Perumals, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at Kodungallur with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty, who left from Dharmadom to Mecca and converted to Islam during the lifetime of Muhammad (c. 570–632).{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999 |isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson |author2=Kai Kresse |title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333 |access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-70024-5 |pages=333}}{{cite book |author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt |title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458 |access-date=25 July 2012 |year=1987 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-07929-8 |pages=458–459}}{{cite book |author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi |title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179 |access-date=25 July 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Other Books |isbn=978-81-903887-8-8 |pages=179–}} According to Qissat Shakarwati Farmad, the Masjids at Kodungallur, Kollam, Madayi, Barkur, Mangalore, Kasaragod, Kannur, Dharmadam, Panthalayani (Koyilandy), and Chaliyam, were built during the era of Malik Dinar; they are among the oldest Masjids in Indian Subcontinent.Prange, Sebastian R. Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast. Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98. It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.Pg 58, Cultural heritage of Kerala: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978 Three of them, Mangalore, Barkur, and Kasaragod, are in Tulu Nadu.

Mangalore is considered the heart of a distinct multi-linguistic cultural region, the homeland of the Tulu-speaking people.{{cite book |title=Contesting the Indian City: Global Visions and the Politics of the Local |last=Shatkin |first=Gavin |date=14 August 2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-29584-7 |chapter=Chapter 10 : Planning Mangalore: Garbage Collection in a Small Indian City}} In the third century BCE, the town formed part of the Maurya Empire, which was ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka of Magadha. From the third to the sixth century CE, the Kadamba dynasty, whose capital was based in Banavasi in North Canara, ruled over the entire Canara region as independent rulers.{{cite book |last=Puttaswamaiah |first=K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tEAeAAAAIAAJ&q=puttaswamaiah+economic+development |title=Economic Development of Karnataka: A Treatise in Continuity and Change |page=33 |year=1980 |publisher=Oxford & IBH}} From the middle of the seventh century to the end of the 14th century, the South Canara region was ruled by its native Alupa rulers,{{cite book |last=Bhat |first=N. Shyam |title=South Kanara, 1799–1860: a study in colonial administration and regional response |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1998 |isbn=978-81-7099-586-9}}{{rp|17}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-stone-inscription-in-veeranarayana-temple-belongs-to-1159-ad-historian/article26344575.ece |title=Tulu stone inscription in Veeranarayana temple belongs to 1159 A.D.: Historian |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-academy-to-publish-book-on-history-of-barakuru/article8039303.ece |title=Tulu academy to publish book on history of Barakuru |date=24 March 2016 |access-date=18 July 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}} who ruled over the region as feudatories of major regional dynasties like the Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta, Chalukyas of Kalyani, and Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra. An Old Malayalam inscription (part of the Ramanthali inscriptions which date to 1075 CE), mentions king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of Alupa dynasty of Mangalore. It can be found at Ezhimala (the former headquarters of Mushika dynasty) near Cannanore, in the North Malabar region of Kerala.Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 483.

During the 1130s and 1140s, during the reign of the Alupa king Kavi Alupendra (1110–1160), the city was home to the Tunisian Jewish merchant Abraham Ben Yiju.{{harvnb|Ghosh|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=QQHp9wsWaZcC&pg=PA189 189]|Ref=9}} The Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, who visited Mangalore in 1342, referred to it as Manjarur and stated the town was situated on a large estuary called the Estuary of the wolf, which was the greatest estuary in the country of Malabar.{{harvnb|Lee|1829|loc=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081007092612/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/ibnbatuta/07china2.html#malabar Perils and detours in Malabar]|Ref=17}}{{cite book |last=Doddamane |first=A. Wahab |title=Muslims in Dakshina Kannada: A Historical Study up to 1947 and Survey of Recent Developments |year=1993 |publisher=Green Words Publication}}{{rp|30}} By 1345 the Vijayanagara rulers brought the region under their control.{{rp|17}}

During the Vijayanagara period (1345–1550), South Canara was divided into Mangalore and Barkur rajyas (provinces), and two governors were appointed to look after each of them from Mangalore and Barkur.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Rare-inscription-of-Vijayanarar-discovered/articleshow/6447579.cms |title=Rare inscription of Vijayanagar discovered |date=27 August 2010 |access-date=18 July 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Nambiar |first=K Mohanachandran}} Often a single governor ruled over both Mangalore and Barkur rajyas; when the authority passed to the Keladi rulers (1550–1763), they only had a governor at Barkur.{{rp|19}} In 1448 Abdur Razzaq who was the Persian ambassador of Sultan Shah Rukh of Samarkand, visited Mangalore en route to the Vijayanagara court.{{cite web |last=Sewell |first=Robert |title=The Project Gutenberg E-text of A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar; A Contribution to the History of India |url=https://my.eng.utah.edu/~banerjee/Ebooks/Vijayanagar.pdf |publisher=Project Gutenberg |page=46 |access-date=18 July 2019 |date=July 2002}}{{rp|31}} The Italian traveller Ludovico di Varthema, who visited India in 1506, said he saw nearly sixty ships laden with rice ready to sail from the port of Mangalore.{{rp|20}}

File:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio (Archaeological Survey of India, Goa).png, Viceroy of Portuguese India, established Portuguese factories in Mangalore in 1526,{{cite book |last=Wenger |first=Estefania |title=Tipu Sultan: A Biography |year=2017 |publisher=Alpha Editions |isbn=9789386367440}} which lasted until 1695.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFq-bwAACAAJ |last=Muthanna |first=I. M. |title=Karnataka, History, Administration & Culture |year=1977 |publisher=Lotus Printers |page=235}}]]

File:Mangalorefort1783.jpg

File:Light House at Tagore park.jpg, Hampankatta, served as a lookout for the British.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/18/stories/2005061800910200.htm |title=Feeling on top of the world |access-date=22 August 2008 |first=M. |last=Raghuram |newspaper=The Hindu |date=18 June 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108062950/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/18/stories/2005061800910200.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 }}|alt=]]

In 1498, European influence in Mangalore began when the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at the nearby St Mary's Islands, just after his arrival at Koyilandy, Kozhikode.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2002/09/16/stories/2002091600170300.htm |title=Where rocks tell a tale |first=J. |last=Kamath |date=16 September 2002 |access-date=8 July 2008 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922134826/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/life/2002/09/16/stories/2002091600170300.htm |archive-date=22 September 2013 }} The Portuguese acquired many commercial interests in Canara in the 16th century.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/abbakka-utsav-2019-to-be-held-under-supervision-of-dc/articleshow/68203620.cms |title=Abbakka Utsav 2019 to be held under supervision of DC |date=28 February 2019 |access-date=18 July 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=K T |first=Vinobha}} Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529), the ruler of the Vijaynagara empire maintained a friendly relationship with the Portuguese,{{cite book |last=Jayapalan |first=N. |title=History of India From 1206 to 1773 |year=2001 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-8171569151 |page=84}} whose trade slowly grew and they strove to destroy the coastal Arab and Mappila trade. In 1524, Vasco da Gama ordered the blockading of rivers after he heard the Muslim merchants of Kozhikode had agents at Mangalore and Basrur. In 1526, the Portuguese under the viceroyship of Lopo Vaz de Sampaio took possession of Mangalore. The coastal trade passed into Portuguese hands.{{rp|20}}

In 1550, the Vijayanagara ruler Sadashiva Raya entrusted to Sadashiv Nayaka of Keladi with administering the coastal region of Canara. By 1554, he established political authority over South Canara.{{cite book |last=Shastry |first=Bhagamandala Seetharama |title=Goa-Kanara Portuguese relations 1498-1763 |year=2000 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=9788170228486 |page=8}} The 16th century work Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen written by Zainuddin Makhdoom II appears to be the first historical work written in detail about the contemporary history of Mangalore. It is written in Arabic and contains pieces of information about the resistance put up by the navy of Kunjali Marakkar alongside the Zamorin of Calicut from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize Tulu Nadu and Malabar coast.A. Sreedhara Menon. Kerala History and its Makers. D C Books (2011)A G Noorani. Islam in Kerala.

Books [http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2704/stories/20100226270407900.htm]Roland E. Miller.

Mappila Muslim Culture SUNY Press, 2015

After the disintegration of the Vijaynagara Empire in 1565, the rulers of Keladi attained greater power in dealing with the coastal Canara region.{{rp|27}} They continued the Vijayanagara administrative system and the provinces of Mangalore and Barkur continued to exist.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/336375/remains-another-day.html |title=Remains of another day |access-date=18 July 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=3 June 2013 |last=Achari |first=Soumya Narayan}} The governor of Mangalore also acted as the governor of the Keladi army in his province.{{rp|30}} The Italian traveller Pietro Della Valle visited here in 1623–1624.[https://books.google.com/books?id=QhLwrzK4Hq8C Viaggi di Pietro Della Valle il pellegrino], Parte terza, by Pietro Della Valle and Mario Schipano, Rome (1663), pages 222-224. In 1695, Arabs burnt the town in retaliation to Portuguese restrictions on Arab trade.

In 1763, Hyder Ali, the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, conquered Mangalore,

{{harvnb|South Kanara District Gazetteer|1973|p=62|Ref=sch}} which was brought under his administration until 1767. Mangalore was ruled by the British East India Company from 1767 to 1783,{{harvnb|Thornton|1859|p=[https://archive.org/details/historybritishe04thorgoog 114]|Ref=27}} but Hyder Ali's son Tipu Sultan took it from their control in 1783 and renamed it "Jalalabad".{{harvnb|Thornton|1859|p=[https://archive.org/details/historybritishe04thorgoog 170]|Ref=27}}{{harvnb|Lal|2002|p=22}} The Second Anglo–Mysore War ended with the signing of the Treaty of Mangalore by Tipu Sultan and the British East India Company on 11 March 1784.{{harvnb|Forrest|1887|pp=314–316|Ref=8}} After the defeat of Tipu at the Fourth Anglo–Mysore War, the city remained under British control. South Canara district was the headquarters under the Madras Presidency.{{harvnb|Townsend|1867|p=[https://archive.org/details/manualofdatesdic00townrich/page/628 628]|Ref=271}}{{harvnb|Riddick|2006|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=V2nGnWXV7coC&pg=PA28 28]|Ref=23}}

Francis Buchanan, a Scottish physician who visited Mangalore in 1801, said the city was a prosperous port with plentiful trade.{{harvnb|Prabhu|1999|p=152}} The main commodity of export was rice; it went to Muscat, Bombay, Goa, and Malabar. Supari (Betel-nut) was exported to Bombay, Surat, and Kutch. Sandalwood and black pepper were exported to Bombay.

Local capital was mainly invested in land and money lending, leading to the regional development of banking because the British colonial government did not support industrialisation there.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/dakshina-kannada-to-lose-banking-jewel/article26690322.ece |title=Dakshina Kannada to lose banking jewel |access-date=17 July 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 March 2019}} After European missionaries arrived in the early 19th century, educational institutions and modern industries modelled on European ones were developed in the region.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/175-glorious-years-for-Basel-Mission-Press/article16762961.ece |title=175 glorious years for Basel Mission Press |access-date=16 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=5 December 2016}} The opening of the Lutheran Swiss Basel Mission in 1834 was an important step towards industrialisation.{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/32972/175th-anniversary-basel-mission-mangalore.html |title=175th anniversary of Basel Mission in Mangalore, Udupi |access-date=16 February 2017 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=28 October 2009}} Missionaries set up printing presses, textile mills and factories that made Mangalore tiles. When Canara (part of the Madras Presidency until this time) was split into North Canara and South Canara in 1859, Mangalore became the headquarters of South Canara,{{rp|5}} which remained under Madras Presidency while in 1862, North Canara was transferred to the Bombay Presidency.{{cite book |last=Bhat |first=N. Shyam |title=Judiciary and Police in Early Colonial South Kanara, 1799–1862 |year=2001 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-820-4}}{{rp|6}}

On 23 May 1866, a municipal council for Mangalore with responsibility for civic amenities and urban planning was mandated by the Madras Town Improvement Act (1865).{{rp|178}} The Italian Jesuits who arrived in the city in 1878, played an important role in the city's education, economy, health, and social welfare.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=211432 |title=Last of Italian Jesuits in Mangalore dies in his homeland |last=Monteiro |first=John B |date=8 January 2014 |newspaper=Daijiworld |access-date=1 March 2015}} Mangalore was linked to the Southern Railway in 1907 and the subsequent proliferation of motor vehicles in India further increased trade and communication between the city and the rest of the country.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/29/stories/2007102958510300.htm |title=Mangalore was once the starting point of India's longest rail route |date=29 October 2007 |access-date=19 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914103324/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/29/stories/2007102958510300.htm |archive-date=14 September 2011 |last=Mondal |newspaper=The Hindu |first=Sudipto}} Mangalore was a major source of educated workers to Bombay, Bangalore, and the Middle East by the early 20th century.

The States Reorganisation Act (1956) led to Mangalore being incorporated into the newly created Mysore State, which was later renamed Karnataka.{{cite web |url=http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/ |title=States Reorganisation Act 1956 |access-date=1 July 2008 |publisher=Commonwealth Legal Information Institute |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516123014/http://www.commonlii.org/in/legis/num_act/sra1956250/ |archive-date=16 May 2008}}{{cite book |year=1973 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6j8tgAACAAJ |title=South Kanara District Gazetteer |series=Karnataka State Gazetteer |volume=12 |publisher=Gazetteer Department (Government of Karnataka)}}{{rp|415}} Mangalore is the seventh-largest port of India, giving the state access to the Laccadive Sea coastline.{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=539779 |title=Container tracking operations launched at New Mangalore Port |date=22 November 2018 |access-date=2 March 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} Between 1970 and 1980, Mangalore experienced significant growth with the opening of New Mangalore Port in 1974 and commissioning of Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited in 1976.{{cite book |last=Panda |first=Damodar |title=Cargo Handling in the Major Ports of India |year=1991 |publisher=Minerva Associates (Publications) |isbn=978-81-85195-33-9 |page=30}}{{cite journal |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2419/stories/20071005507310600.htm |title=Industrial leap |last=Sharma |first=Ravi |journal=Frontline |access-date=1 March 2015 |issue=19 ( 22 Sep – 5 October 2007) |volume=24 |publisher=The Hindu}} The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw Mangalore develop as a commercial and petrochemical hub.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/cbi-books-mrpl-engineer-713765.html |title=CBI books MRPL engineer |date=18 January 2019 |access-date=23 February 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last=Bhat |first=Ambarish}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/Strategic-oil-reserves-to-come-directly-under-Govt/article20203878.ece |title=Strategic oil reserves to come directly under Govt |date=2 April 2006 |access-date=23 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Mishra |first=Richa}}

File:Ullal Bridge Mangalore.JPG]]

Mangalore is located on the western coast of India at {{Coord|12.87|N|74.88|E}} in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state.{{cite web |publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Mangalore.html |title=Mangalore, India Page |access-date=19 March 2008}} It has an average elevation of {{cvt|22|m|foot|0}} above mean sea level.{{cite web |publisher=Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Pune) |url=http://envis.tropmet.res.in/rainfall_stations.htm |title=Rainfall Stations in India |access-date=27 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116190118/http://envis.tropmet.res.in/rainfall_stations.htm |archive-date=16 January 2009 |url-status=dead }} The city is the administrative headquarters of Dakshina Kannada district and is the state's largest coastal urban centre.{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=P. S. N. |title=Urban governance and management: Indian initiatives |date=January 2006 |publisher=Indian Institute of Public Administration in association with Kanishka Publishers, Distributors |page=402 |isbn=978-81-7391-801-8}}

File:Mangalore Tourist Map.png

Mangalore is bounded by the Laccadive Sea to its west and by the Western Ghats to its east. As a municipal entity the city spans {{cvt|170|km2|sqmi|2}}. The Netravati and Gurupura rivers encircle the city; the Gurupura flows around the north and the Netravati flows around the south of the city.{{cite web |url=http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/karnataka/DAKSHINA_KANNADA.pdf |title=Ground water information booklet – Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka |access-date=19 February 2017}} The rivers form an estuary in the south-western region of the city, from where they flow into the Laccadive Sea.{{harvnb|Mangalore City Corporation|p=38|Ref=7}} Coconut, palm, and ashoka trees comprise the primary vegetation of the city.

The city's topography consists of a plain that stretches up to {{cvt|30|km|mi|2}} from the coast and undulating, hilly terrain towards the east near the Western Ghats.{{cite book |title=Mausam: quarterly journal of meteorology, hydrology & geophysics, Volume 56, Issue 1 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |year=2005 |page=76}} The local geology is characterised by hard laterite in hilly tracts and sandy soil along the seashore. The Geological Survey of India has identified Mangalore as a moderately earthquake-prone urban centre and categorised the city in the Seismic III Zone.{{cite map |publisher=Geological Survey of India |url=http://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_GSI_BHUJ_SEISMIC_ZONES_MAP.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040904091404/http://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_GSI_BHUJ_SEISMIC_ZONES_MAP.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 September 2004 |title=Seismic zoning map of India |access-date=20 July 2008}}

Under the Köppen climate classification, Mangalore has a tropical monsoon climate and is under the direct influence of the Laccadive Sea branch of the southwest monsoon.{{cite journal |last=Subrahmanyam |first=V. P. |title=Some aspects of water balance in the tropical monsoon climates of India |journal=Hydrology of Humid Tropical Regions with Particular Reference to the Hydrological Effects of Agriculture and Forestry Practice (Proceedings of the Hamburg Symposium, August 1983) |volume=140 |publisher=International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) |url=http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/a140/iahs_140_0325.pdf |pages=327–328 |access-date=8 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003062744/http://www.cig.ensmp.fr/~iahs/redbooks/a140/iahs_140_0325.pdf |archive-date=3 October 2008}} It receives about 95 percent of its total annual rainfall between May and September but remains extremely dry from December to March. Humidity is approximately 75 percent on average and peaks during June, July and August.{{harvnb|Shrihari|2007|pp=5–6}} The maximum average humidity is 93 percent in July and average minimum humidity is 56 percent in January. Mangalore experiences moderate to gusty winds during day time and gentle winds at night.{{cite journal |last1=Balakrishna |first1=K. M. |last2=Narayana |first2=Y |last3=Kumari |first3=Anitha |title=Meteorological Measurements of Mangalore Region for ARMEX Programme (Observations and Data Analysis) |url=http://www.nio.org/past_events/ARMEX/presentations/P2.pdf |journal=Department of Physics (Mangalore University) |page=26 |access-date=25 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410145013/http://www.nio.org/past_events/ARMEX/presentations/P2.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2008}} The driest and least humid months are from December to February.{{cite web |publisher=Weatherbase |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=48234&refer=&units=metric |title=Mangalore, India |access-date=19 March 2008}} During this time of year temperatures during the day stay below {{cvt|34|°C|°F|0}} and drop to about {{cvt|19|°C|°F|0}} at night.{{cite web |url=https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Mangalore,India |title=Average minimum and maximum temperature over the year for Mangalore, India |access-date=10 July 2017 |publisher=Weather and Climate}} The lowest temperature recorded at Panambur is {{cvt|15.6|°C|°F|0}} on 8 January 1992 and at Bajpe it is {{cvt|15.9|°C|°F|0}} on 19 November 1974.{{cite web |publisher=IMD, Inc |url=http://www.imdbangalore.gov.in/mchistory.pdf#15 |title=Weather services to Karnataka state delivered by IMD |access-date=17 March 2016 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517002528/http://www.imdbangalore.gov.in/mchistory.pdf#15 |url-status=dead }} According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the temperature in Mangalore has never reached {{cvt|40|°C|°F|0}}.{{cite news |newspaper=Daijiworld |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=224013 |title=Mangalore: Temperature in coast never touched 40 °C – IMD |access-date=27 September 2015 |date=20 March 2014 |last=Shreyas |first=H S}} The summer gives way to the monsoon season, when the city experiences the highest precipitation of all urban centres in India due to the influence of the Western Ghats.{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2103/ |title=Western Ghats (sub cluster nomination) |access-date=27 July 2008 |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}} The rains subside in September but there is occasional rainfall in October.{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=A. K. |last2=Gnanaseelan |first2=C. |last3=Seetaramayya |first3=P. |url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug252004/475.pdf |date=25 August 2004 |journal=Current Science |volume=87 |title=A study of rainfall along the west coast of India in relation to low level jet and air–sea interactions over the Arabian Sea |issue=4 |page=483 |publisher=Current Science Association |access-date=21 March 2008 |archive-date=10 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410145013/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/aug252004/475.pdf |url-status=dead}} The highest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is {{cvt|330.8|mm|in|0}} on 22 June 2003. In 1994, Mangalore recorded its highest annual rainfall at {{cvt|5018.52|mm|in|0}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/Mangalore_Bajpe/432840.htm |title=TuTiempo – Mangalore climate from 1973 to 2014 |access-date=27 December 2014 |publisher=Tutiempo}}

{{Weather box

| location = Mangalore (1961–1990, extremes 1901–1981)

| metric first = Y

| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 36.3

| Feb record high C = 37.8

| Mar record high C = 37.4

| Apr record high C = 36.6

| May record high C = 36.7

| Jun record high C = 34.4

| Jul record high C = 35.6

| Aug record high C = 32.2

| Sep record high C = 34.6

| Oct record high C = 35.0

| Nov record high C = 35.6

| Dec record high C = 35.6

| year record high C = 37.8

| Jan high C = 31.7

| Feb high C = 31.7

| Mar high C = 31.9

| Apr high C = 32.8

| May high C = 32.3

| Jun high C = 29.9

| Jul high C = 28.6

| Aug high C = 28.5

| Sep high C = 29.2

| Oct high C = 30.4

| Nov high C = 31.7

| Dec high C = 32.0

|year high C = 30.9

| Jan low C = 21.7

| Feb low C = 22.7

| Mar low C = 24.4

| Apr low C = 25.7

| May low C = 25.4

| Jun low C = 23.7

| Jul low C = 23.1

| Aug low C = 23.1

| Sep low C = 23.1

| Oct low C = 23.4

| Nov low C = 23.0

| Dec low C = 22.4

| year low C = 23.5

| Jan record low C = 16.7

| Feb record low C = 16.7

| Mar record low C = 18.3

| Apr record low C = 20.0

| May record low C = 18.9

| Jun record low C = 18.4

| Jul record low C = 18.0

| Aug record low C = 19.8

| Sep record low C = 19.0

| Oct record low C = 18.8

| Nov record low C = 17.6

| Dec record low C = 16.7

| year record low C = 16.7

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 0.2

| Feb rain mm = 3.6

| Mar rain mm = 2.5

| Apr rain mm = 35.0

| May rain mm = 199.5

| Jun rain mm = 955.8

| Jul rain mm = 1160.3

| Aug rain mm = 792.6

| Sep rain mm = 331.5

| Oct rain mm = 184.0

| Nov rain mm = 75.2

| Dec rain mm = 33.9

| year rain mm = 3774.1

| Jan rain days = 0.0

| Feb rain days = 0.0

| Mar rain days = 0.1

| Apr rain days = 2.0

| May rain days = 7.2

| Jun rain days = 24.5

| Jul rain days = 29.4

| Aug rain days = 25.4

| Sep rain days = 15.3

| Oct rain days = 10.1

| Nov rain days = 4.4

| Dec rain days = 1.3

| year rain days = 119.7

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 65

| Feb humidity = 68

| Mar humidity = 70

| Apr humidity = 71

| May humidity = 73

| Jun humidity = 82

| Jul humidity = 86

| Aug humidity = 85

| Sep humidity = 83

| Oct humidity = 80

| Nov humidity = 71

| Dec humidity = 67

|year humidity = 75

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216160549/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Normals%20%281961-1990%29.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Normals%20%281961-1990%29.pdf |title=Climatological Normals 1961–1990 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=July 2010 |pages=531–532 |access-date=11 April 2020}}

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Mangalore, India (Panambur) 1991–2020, extremes 1968–present

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| collapsed = yes

| Jan record high C = 36.9

| Feb record high C = 38.8

| Mar record high C = 38.1

| Apr record high C = 35.9

| May record high C = 36.8

| Jun record high C = 34.9

| Jul record high C = 32.5

| Aug record high C = 31.8

| Sep record high C = 33.8

| Oct record high C = 35.9

| Nov record high C = 36.8

| Dec record high C = 36.9

|year record high C = 38.8

| Jan high C = 33.2

| Feb high C = 33.2

| Mar high C = 33.5

| Apr high C = 34.1

| May high C = 33.5

| Jun high C = 30.2

| Jul high C = 29.0

| Aug high C = 29.0

| Sep high C = 29.9

| Oct high C = 31.2

| Nov high C = 33.0

| Dec high C = 33.4

| year high C = 31.9

| Jan low C = 21.3

| Feb low C = 22.3

| Mar low C = 24.3

| Apr low C = 25.6

| May low C = 25.5

| Jun low C = 24.1

| Jul low C = 23.6

| Aug low C = 23.7

| Sep low C = 23.8

| Oct low C = 23.8

| Nov low C = 23.3

| Dec low C = 21.7

| year low C = 23.6

| Jan record low C = 15.6

| Feb record low C = 17.5

| Mar record low C = 18.7

| Apr record low C = 19.2

| May record low C = 20.3

| Jun record low C = 19.8

| Jul record low C = 19.6

| Aug record low C = 20.1

| Sep record low C = 20.1

| Oct record low C = 19.1

| Nov record low C = 16.6

| Dec record low C = 15.6

|year record low C = 15.6

|rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 2.5

| Feb rain mm = 0.1

| Mar rain mm = 4.2

| Apr rain mm = 33.2

| May rain mm = 189.2

| Jun rain mm = 999.4

| Jul rain mm = 1015.8

| Aug rain mm = 687.3

| Sep rain mm = 344.5

| Oct rain mm = 234.2

| Nov rain mm = 76.7

| Dec rain mm = 14.4

| year rain mm = 3601.4

| Jan rain days = 0.2

| Feb rain days = 0.0

| Mar rain days = 0.2

| Apr rain days = 2.2

| May rain days = 7.2

| Jun rain days = 23.4

| Jul rain days = 27.5

| Aug rain days = 24.6

| Sep rain days = 15.1

| Oct rain days = 9.9

| Nov rain days = 4.0

| Dec rain days = 0.8

|year rain days = 115.1

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 61

| Feb humidity = 62

| Mar humidity = 65

| Apr humidity = 66

| May humidity = 70

| Jun humidity = 84

| Jul humidity = 87

| Aug humidity = 87

| Sep humidity = 83

| Oct humidity = 79

| Nov humidity = 71

| Dec humidity = 62

|year humidity = 73

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = April 8, 2024

}}

{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |title=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2015 |pages=475–478 |access-date=11 April 2020}}

{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M100–M101 |access-date=10 April 2020}}

}}

{{Weather box

| location = Mangalore, India (Mangalore International Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1956–2020

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| collapsed = yes

| Jan record high C = 36.8

| Feb record high C = 38.2

| Mar record high C = 39.8

| Apr record high C = 37.8

| May record high C = 38.0

| Jun record high C = 36.4

| Jul record high C = 33.3

| Aug record high C = 33.3

| Sep record high C = 35.4

| Oct record high C = 35.2

| Nov record high C = 36.6

| Dec record high C = 36.0

|year record high C = 39.8

| Jan high C = 33.2

| Feb high C = 33.6

| Mar high C = 34.0

| Apr high C = 34.3

| May high C = 33.5

| Jun high C = 30.0

| Jul high C = 28.7

| Aug high C = 28.8

| Sep high C = 30.0

| Oct high C = 31.2

| Nov high C = 32.8

| Dec high C = 33.1

| year high C = 31.9

| Jan low C = 21.0

| Feb low C = 22.0

| Mar low C = 23.8

| Apr low C = 25.0

| May low C = 25.0

| Jun low C = 23.6

| Jul low C = 23.0

| Aug low C = 23.1

| Sep low C = 23.2

| Oct low C = 23.3

| Nov low C = 22.8

| Dec low C = 21.6

| year low C = 23.1

| Jan record low C = 16.1

| Feb record low C = 17.3

| Mar record low C = 18.8

| Apr record low C = 19.7

| May record low C = 20.4

| Jun record low C = 20.5

| Jul record low C = 19.8

| Aug record low C = 19.4

| Sep record low C = 20.2

| Oct record low C = 19.1

| Nov record low C = 15.9

| Dec record low C = 16.1

|year record low C = 15.9

|rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 0.6

| Feb rain mm = 0.0

| Mar rain mm = 4.7

| Apr rain mm = 34.3

| May rain mm = 169.8

| Jun rain mm = 1033.8

| Jul rain mm = 1095.8

| Aug rain mm = 743.5

| Sep rain mm = 341.1

| Oct rain mm = 230.5

| Nov rain mm = 80.7

| Dec rain mm = 12.8

| year rain mm = 3747.6

| Jan rain days = 0.1

| Feb rain days = 0.0

| Mar rain days = 0.3

| Apr rain days = 2.1

| May rain days = 6.3

| Jun rain days = 23.5

| Jul rain days = 28.1

| Aug rain days = 25.4

| Sep rain days = 15.0

| Oct rain days = 9.9

| Nov rain days = 4.0

| Dec rain days = 0.8

|year rain days = 115.5

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 55

| Feb humidity = 58

| Mar humidity = 62

| Apr humidity = 64

| May humidity = 67

| Jun humidity = 83

| Jul humidity = 86

| Aug humidity = 85

| Sep humidity = 80

| Oct humidity = 78

| Nov humidity = 69

| Dec humidity = 57

|year humidity = 70

| Jan sun = 303.8

| Feb sun = 257.1

| Mar sun = 269.7

| Apr sun = 258.0

| May sun = 220.1

| Jun sun = 99.0

| Jul sun = 55.8

| Aug sun = 89.9

| Sep sun = 156.0

| Oct sun = 186.0

| Nov sun = 213.0

| Dec sun = 269.7

|year sun =

| Jand sun = 9.8

| Febd sun = 9.1

| Mard sun = 8.7

| Aprd sun = 8.6

| Mayd sun = 7.1

| Jund sun = 3.3

| Juld sun = 1.8

| Augd sun = 2.9

| Sepd sun = 5.2

| Octd sun = 6.0

| Novd sun = 7.1

| Decd sun = 8.7

|yeard sun = 6.5

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000){{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042602/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20&%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |title=Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India |work=Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M-3 |access-date=10 April 2020 |url-status=dead}}

}}

{{Main|Economy of Mangalore}}

Industrial, commercial, agricultural processing, and port-related activities comprise this city's economy.{{cite web |url=http://www.crn.in/SouthScanNov152007.aspx |title=South Scan (Mangalore, Karnataka) |access-date=20 March 2008 |publisher=CMP Media LLC |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309042030/http://www.crn.in/SouthScanNov152007.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2012}} The Dakshina Kannada district with its administrative headquarters at Mangalore has the highest Per Capita Income and Gross State Domestic Product in Karnataka, after Bangalore.{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/bengaluru-tops-in-per-capita-income-survey-in-karnataka-101646651197744.html |title=Bengaluru tops in per capita income survey in Karnataka |date=7 March 2022 |access-date=31 May 2023 |newspaper=Hindustan Times}} The New Mangalore Port is India's seventh-largest container port. It handles 75 percent of India's coffee exports and the bulk of its cashew nuts. The Mangalore Customs Commissionerate collected a revenue of {{INRConvert|4.47|b|2}} during 2012–13{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/education/mangalore-customs-collects-rs-447-cr-revenue/article23093776.ece |title=Mangalore Customs collects Rs 447 cr revenue |date=4 February 2013 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}} and {{INRConvert|27.91|b|2}} {{As of|alt=during December 2018|2018}}.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mangaluru-customs-commissionerate-surpasses-revenue-target/article26107046.ece |title=Mangaluru Customs Commissionerate surpasses revenue target |date=28 January 2019 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} During 2012–13, MRPL and MCF contributed {{INRConvert|501|m|2}} and {{INRConvert|373|m|2}}, respectively, to the state's revenue. Dakshina Kannada district has the highest percentage of workers employed in industry and the second-highest industry-to-district GDP ratio in Karnataka.{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/from-india-today-magazine/story/20171009-karnataka-bengaluru-it-start-ups-agriculture-growth-engine-1053993-2017-10-05 |title=Karnataka calling: IT done, the state should now transform its agriculture |date=9 October 2017 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=India Today |last=Jha |first=Ajit Kumar}} Imports through New Mangalore port include crude oil, edible oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and timber.{{cite web |url=http://customsmangalore.gov.in/organization/about-us.htm |title=Commissionerate of Customs – Mangaluru |access-date=23 July 2008 |publisher=Mangalore Customs}}

File:Cognizant (CTS) campus at Bendoor in Mangalore city.jpg campus in Mangalore{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/cognizant-opens-new-facility-in-mangaluru/article30759590.ece |title=Cognizant opens new facility in Mangaluru |date=7 February 2020 |access-date=16 March 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}}|alt=]]

The city's major chemical industries include BASF,{{cite news |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/basf-india-inaugurates-new-innovation-campus-in-navi-mumbai/1000102 |title=BASF India inaugurates new innovation campus in Navi Mumbai |date=3 March 2017 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=Outlook India}} Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL), Mangalore Chemicals and Fertilizers (MCF), Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd. (KIOCL),{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/business/kiocl-to-modernise-pellet-plant-in-mangaluru-726412.html |title=KIOCL to modernise pellet plant in Mangaluru |date=1 April 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last=Kulkarni |first=Mahesh}} Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL),{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/iocl-to-commission-two-import-facilities-next-year/article19208498.ece |title=IOCL to commission two import facilities next year |date=4 July 2017 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL),{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/445682/mock-drill-bpcl-lpg-bottling.html |title=Mock drill at BPCL LPG bottling plant marks chemical disaster prevention day |date=5 December 2014 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL),{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/iocl-distributes-wheeler-dustbins-to-schools/article29297099.ece |title=Indian Oil Corporation Limited, distributes wheeler dustbins to Mangaluru schools |date=30 August 2019 |access-date=30 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Total Oil India Limited,{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/total-oil-opens-second-lpg-facility-at-new-mangalore/article976459.ece |title=Total Oil opens second LPG facility at New Mangalore |access-date=18 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}} and Hindustan Unilever.{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/company/hind-unilever-255/information/company-location |title=Hindustan Unilever Locations |access-date=26 June 2020 |newspaper=Business Standard}} The Indian government has built 5.33 million tons of strategic crude oil storage at Mangalore and Padur to ensure energy security.{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/india-receives-1st-parcel-of-iranian-oil-for-strategic-storage/articleshow/54816784.cms |title=India receives 1st parcel of Iranian oil for strategic storage |date=12 October 201 |access-date=16 October 2016 |newspaper=The Economic Times}}{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/strategic-storage-of-crude-begins-at-mangaluru-cavern-116101200895_1.html |title=Strategic storage of crude begins at Mangaluru cavern |date=12 October 2016 |access-date=16 October 2016 |newspaper=Business Standard}} Out of the 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) storage, 1.5 MMT is stored at Mangalore.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/City-gets-1-5-MMT-crude-oil-storage-facility/articleshow/4585860.cms |title=City gets 1.5 MMT crude oil storage facility |date=27 May 2009 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Bharati Shipyard Ltd (BSL) (now known as Bharati Defence and Infrastructure Limited) has established a shipbuilding site near Tannirbavi in Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://profit.ndtv.com/stock/bharati-defence-&-infrastructure-ltd_bhartiship/reports |title=Bharati Defence & Infrastructure Ltd. – Reports |access-date=19 February 2017 |newspaper=NDTV Profit}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/bharti-defence-delivers-c-162-to-coast-guard/article22899290.ece |title=Bharti Defence delivers C-162 to Coast Guard |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=1 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Global inspection, testing, verification and certification companies such as SGS and Bureau Veritas have their offices in Mangalore.{{cite web |url=https://www.bureauveritas.co.in/sites/g/files/zypfnx556/files/media/document/BV%20SAR%20-%20Offices%20%26%20Laboratories%202022.pdf |title=Offices and Laboratories - Bureau Veritas - South Asia region |access-date=26 September 2023 |publisher=Bureau Veritas}}

File:Syndicate Bank at Lighthouse Hill Road in Mangalore.jpg

Major information technology (IT) and outsourcing companies like Infosys,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Infosys-Mangaluru-celebrates-20th-anniversary/articleshow/48888682.cms |title=Infosys Mangaluru celebrates 20th anniversary |date=9 September 2015 |access-date=31 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Pinto |first=Stanley}} Cognizant,{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/cognizant-opens-new-facility-in-mangaluru-120020700941_1.html |title=Cognizant opens new 100,000 sq-ft facility for 1,100 employees in Mangaluru |date=7 February 2020 |access-date=8 February 2020 |newspaper=Business Standard |agency=Press Trust of India}} and Thomson Reuters{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/thomson-reuters-financial-and-risk-business-becomes-refinitiv-in-india-119060700446_1.html |title=Thomson Reuters Financial and Risk Business becomes Refinitiv in India |date=7 June 2019 |access-date=19 May 2020 |newspaper=Business Standard}} have their offices at Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/The_Sunday_ET/Property/Mangalore_takes_over_as_the_new_SEZ_destination/articleshow/2788712.cms |title=Mangalore takes over as the new SEZ destination |date=17 February 2008 |access-date=20 March 2008 |newspaper=The Economic Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306033000/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Features/The_Sunday_ET/Property/Mangalore_takes_over_as_the_new_SEZ_destination/articleshow/2788712.cms |archive-date=6 March 2012 |last=Rochan |first=M}} Mphasis' Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) has a branch in this city.{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/hinduja-global-to-acquire-stake-in-mphasis-bpo-business-for-rs-17-crore/articleshow/47884907.cms |title=Hinduja Global to acquire stake in Mphasis' BPO business for Rs 17 crore |date=2 July 2015 |access-date=12 February 2017 |newspaper=The Economic Times}} IT parks Export Promotion Investment Park (EPIP) at Ganjimutt{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/improve-connectivity-to-new-m-lore-port-exporters-732054.html |title=Improve connectivity to New M'lore port: Exporters |date=3 May 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last=J A |first=Naina}} and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) near Mangalore University have been constructed.{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/forms/sez/MSEZ%20Draft%20EIA/Mangalore%20SEZ,%20Oct.%202007/Chapter%203/Fig.%203.5.1.doc |title=Study Area around SEZ, Mangalore |format=DOC |access-date=2 July 2008 |publisher=Mangalore City Corporation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003062813/http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/forms/sez/MSEZ%20Draft%20EIA/Mangalore%20SEZ%2C%20Oct.%202007/Chapter%203/Fig.%203.5.1.doc |archive-date=3 October 2008}} An IT park called Soorya Infratech park is situated in Mudipu.{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalorevisit.in/companies/perform-group/ |title=Perform Group {{!}} Mangalore Visit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118072804/http://www.mangalorevisit.in/companies/perform-group/ |archive-date=18 January 2017}} Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) has planned to invest {{INRConvert|500|c|2}} and set up its office at Karnad near Mangalore.{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=738302 |title=Mangaluru: TCS to invest Rs 500 crores in Dakshina Kannada, create 4,000 jobs |date=6 August 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/tcs-gets-nod-to-set-up-ites-in-dakshina-kannada/articleshow/77400970.cms |title=Karnataka: TCS gets nod to set up ITeS in Dakshina Kannada |date=7 August 2020 |access-date=7 August 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Pinto |first=Stanley}} KEONICS has planned to build an IT park at Derebail in Mangalore, similar to Electronic City, spanning an area of 100 acres.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/keonics-proposes-setting-up-electronics-city-in-mangaluru/article33440648.ece |title=KEONICS proposes setting up electronics city in Mangaluru |date=29 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021 |newspaper=The Hindu}}{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/karnataka-state-electronics-development-corporation-limited-moots-rk-baliga-electronics-city-in-mangaluru/articleshow/79992131.cms |title=Karnataka State Electronics Development Corporation Limited moots RK Baliga Electronics City in Mangaluru |date=28 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=K T |first=Vinobha}}{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/keonics-to-urge-cm-to-set-up-baliga-hi-tech-city-in-mangaluru-932675.html |title=Keonics to urge CM to set up Baliga Hi-Tech City in Mangaluru |date=29 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last=J A |first=Naina}}

Centre for Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Learning (CEOL) is a startup incubation centre situated in the city.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/ceol-will-lead-to-creation-of-silicon-valley-in-west-coast/article22328879.ece |title=CEOL will lead to creation of Silicon Valley in west coast |date=30 December 2017 |access-date=28 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Corporation Bank,{{cite web |url=http://www.corpbank.com/asp/0100text.asp?presentID=84&headID=84 |title=History |access-date=18 April 2008 |publisher=Corporation Bank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016191856/http://www.corpbank.com/asp/0100text.asp?presentID=84&headID=84 |archive-date=16 October 2006}} Canara Bank,{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112015560300.htm |title=Cheque truncation process from April, says Leeladhar |access-date=18 April 2008 |date=20 November 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108063646/http://www.hindu.com/2005/11/20/stories/2005112015560300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=8 November 2012}} and Vijaya Bank{{cite web |url=http://vijayabank.com/vijaya/vijaya/internet-en/menus/we-at-vijaya-bank/inception.html |title=Inception |access-date=9 July 2008 |publisher=Vijaya Bank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227010829/http://vijayabank.com/vijaya/vijaya/internet-en/menus/we-at-vijaya-bank/inception.html |archive-date=27 February 2012}} were the three nationalised banks established in Mangalore during the first half of the 20th century. Mangalore is the headquarters of Corporation Bank and Karnataka Bank.{{cite web |url=http://www.karnatakabank.com/ktk/History.jsp |title=History of Karnataka Bank |access-date=18 April 2008 |publisher=Karnataka Bank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317115018/http://www.karnatakabank.com/ktk/History.jsp |archive-date=17 March 2012 }} The Mangalore Catholic Co-operative Bank (MCC Bank) Ltd.,{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=44631&n_tit=Mangalore: |title=Mangalore: Countdown for MCC Bank Election Begins Amid Blame Games |date=15 March 2008 |access-date=22 July 2008 |newspaper=Daijiworld |last=Miyar |first=Melka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121233934/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=44631&n_tit=Mangalore%3A%20Countdown%20for%20MCC%20Bank%20Election%20Begins%20Amid%20Blame%20Games |archive-date=21 January 2012}} Mangalore Cooperative Town Bank Ltd.,{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/mangalore-coop-bank-installs-rooftop-solar-plant/article9821798.ece |title=Mangalore Co-op Bank installs rooftop solar plant |access-date=18 August 2017 |date=17 August 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}} and SCDCC Bank{{cite web |url=http://www.scdccbank.com/history.html |title=History of SCDCC Bank |access-date=24 June 2008 |publisher=SCDCC Bank |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314055653/http://www.scdccbank.com/history.html |archive-date=14 March 2012 }} were the scheduled banks established in Mangalore.

Syngene International which is a contract research arm of Biocon, has set up its manufacturing plant at Mangalore.{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/syngene-international-gains-after-mangalore-facility-starts-operations-120032000431_1.html |title=Syngene International gains after Mangalore facility starts operations |date=20 March 2020 |access-date=6 July 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard}}{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/b2b-connect/syngene-plans-100-mn-manufacturing-facility-in-mangalore-115090100290_1.html |title=Syngene plans $100 mn manufacturing facility in Mangalore |date=1 September 2015 |access-date=27 June 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard}} Old Mangalore Port is a fishing port located at Bunder, Mangalore, where a large number of mechanised boats anchor.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/work-on-kulai-fishing-habour-expected-to-comence-soon/articleshow/67965978.cms |title=Work on Kulai fishing harbour expected to commence soon |date=13 February 2019 |access-date=15 March 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}} The traffic at this port was 122,000 tonnes during the years 2003–04.{{harvnb|Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Karnataka)|2004|p=233|Ref=5}} New Mangalore Port handled over 100,000 Twenty-foot equivalent units of containers during the years 2017–18.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/new-mangalore-port-records-handling-of-1-lakh-teu-of-container-traffic/article22899068.ece |title=New Mangalore Port records handling of 1 lakh TEU of container traffic |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Fishing is a traditional occupation and the products are sold in the surrounding regions.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/states/8-rise-in-fish-catch-in-udupi-dakshina-kannada/article4791726.ece |title=8% rise in fish catch in Udupi, Dakshina Kannada |access-date=19 February 2017 |date=7 June 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Vinayak |first=A J}} Mangalorean firms have a major presence in the tile, beedi, coffee and cashew nut industries although the tile industry has declined because concrete is preferred in modern construction. The Albuquerque tile factory in Mangalore is one of India's oldest red-roof-tile manufacturing factories.{{harvnb|Somerset|Bond|Wright|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8WNEcgMr11kC&pg=PA509 510]|Ref=24}}{{harvnb|Somerset|Bond|Wright|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8WNEcgMr11kC 511]|Ref=24}} The city's suburb Ullal produces hosiery and coir yarns while beedi rolling is an important source of revenue to many of the city's residents.

{{Historical populations

| align=left

| title= Population Growth

| state= none

| 1921| 66400

| 1931| 73600

| 1941| 85500

| 1951| 110750

| 1961| 145300

| 1971| 210400

| 1981| 305200

| 1991| 425600

| 2001| 512100

| 2011| 619600

| 2021| 724159

| footnote= Source: Census of India

{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258658922 |title=Land use/land cover change and urban expansion during 1983-2008 in the coastal area of Dakshina Kannada district, South India |page=5 |date=September 2012 |access-date=18 May 2020 |last1=Surathkal |first1=Shrihari |last2=Kawal |first2=Babita |last3=Gowdagere S. |first3=Dwarakish |last4=Bhagyanagar |first4=Rajagopal |journal=Journal of Applied Remote Sensing |volume=6 |doi=10.1117/1.JRS.6.063576 |bibcode=2012JARS....6.3576B |s2cid=122061740| issn = 1931-3195}}

{{cite web |title=Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |publisher=Census of India |access-date=13 August 2019}}}}

{{Bar box

|float=right

|title=Religions in Mangalore (2011 census)

|titlebar=#Fcd666

|left1=Religion

|right1=Percent

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|68.99}}

{{bar percent|Islam|#008000|17.40}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|dodgerblue|13.15}}

{{bar percent|Jainism|brown|0.21}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.12}}|caption=Distribution of religions

†Includes Sikhism (0.08%), Buddhism (0.05%).}}

{{Pie chart

|caption=Distribution of languages in Mangalore{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html}}

|label1 = Tulu |color1 = deepskyblue |value1 = 39.24

|label2 = Konkani |color2 = salmon |value2 = 16.42

|label3 = Kannada |color3 = darkslateblue |value3 = 15.11

|label4 = Beary |color4 = limegreen |value4 = 13.13

|label5 = Malayalam |color5 = cornflowerblue |value5 = 6.39

|label6 = Urdu |color6 = green |value6 = 2.52

|label7 = Hindi |color7 = orange |value7 = 2.10

|label8 = Tamil |color8 = royalblue |value8 = 1.91

|label9 = Telugu |color9 = brown |value9 = 0.96

|label10 = Others |color10 = grey |value10 = 2.23

}}

In 2021 the population of Mangalore city was 724,159. According to the 2011 Indian census, the male literacy rate was 96.49 percent and the female literacy rate was 91.63 percent. About 8.5 percent of the population was under the age of six years. The death rate and Infant mortality rate were at 3.7 percent and 1.2 percent respectively.{{harvnb|Mangalore City Corporation|p=131|Ref=16}} About 7726 people lived in slums in Mangalore city which was 1.55 percent of the total population.{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/451-mangalore.html#slums |title=Mangalore City Census 2011 data – Mangalore Slums 2011 |access-date=16 February 2017 |publisher=Census 2011}}{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Slums-increasing-in-Bangalore/articleshow/21962048.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |title=Slums increasing in Bangalore |access-date=16 February 2017 |date=21 August 2013 |last=Kumar |first=ND Shiva}} The Human Development Index (HDI) of Mangalore city was 0.83 {{As of|alt=in 2015|2015}}.

Hinduism is the largest religion in Mangalore, and Devadiga, Mogaveera, Billavas, Ganigas, Bunts, Vishwakarma, Padmashali, Brahmins, and Daivadnyas are the major communities among Hindus.{{cite web |last=Kumaran |first=Tamarapu Sampath |title=Pilgrimage to temples in Dakshina Kannada |url=http://cincinnatitemple.com/articles/Dakshina-Kannada-Pilgrimage.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809165934/http://cincinnatitemple.com/articles/Dakshina-Kannada-Pilgrimage.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017}}{{cite news |date=6 April 2015 |title=Name us Shettigar, say Padmashalis |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/470121/name-us-shettigar-say-padmashalis.html |access-date=9 March 2021}} Christians form a sizeable section of Mangalorean society; Mangalorean Catholics comprise the city's largest Christian community.{{cite news |date=17 January 2017 |title=Mangalore hosts tenth national meeting of young Catholics |newspaper=The Herald (Malaysian Catholic Weekly) |url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/mangalore-hosts-tenth-national-meeting-of-young-catholics/34287/2 |access-date=21 February 2017}} Protestants in Mangalore typically speak Tulu and Kannada.{{harvnb|South Kanara District Gazetteer|1973|p=93|Ref=sc}} Anglo-Indians were also part of the Mangalorean Christian Community.{{cite news |last=Patrao |first=Michael |date=4 May 2012 |title=An Anglo-Indian with Mangalorean links |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/246986/an-anglo-indian-mangalorean-links.html |access-date=13 March 2017}} Mangalore has one of the highest percentage of Muslims in Karnataka cities.{{cite news |date=17 February 2010 |title=World Beary Convention in Dubai on April 1, 2 |newspaper=Daijiworld |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=72458 |access-date=21 February 2017}} Most Muslims in Mangalore are Bearys who speak the Beary language.{{cite news |last=J A |first=Naina |date=18 December 2016 |title=First Beary-Kannada-English dictionary to be released soon |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/587198/first-beary-kannada-english-dictionary.html |access-date=21 February 2017}} Most of them follow the Shafi'i school of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence).{{cite news |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep |date=31 July 2016 |title=Mangaluru city police undertakes Beary local language learning skills |newspaper=The Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Mangaluru-city-police-undertakes-Beary-local-language-learning-skills/articleshow/53475696.cms |access-date=15 October 2016}} Mangalore also has a small group of Urdu-speaking Dakhini Muslims.{{cite book |last=Patil |first=Shankaragouda |title=Community Dominance and Political Modernisation: The Lingayats |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=2002 |pages=2}} The Masjid Zeenath Baksh at Mangalore is one of the oldest mosques in the Indian subcontinent. Mangalore contains a Gurdwara and Baháʼí prayer centre established in 1972.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/archives/a-centre-religious-unity-2461391 |title=A centre for religious unity |date=9 December 2011 |access-date=29 October 2023 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}

Mangalore is a multi-lingual city where several prominent regional languages such as Tulu, Konkani, Kannada, and Beary are spoken. The city is known as Kudla in Tulu, Kodial in Konkani, Maikāla in Beary, Mangalapuram in Malayalam, and Mangaluru in Kannada. Among most of the residents of the city, Kudla is the most commonly used name to refer to it. There are also smaller communities of Tuluva Jains,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Land-reforms-moved-Jains-away-comfort-zone-/articleshow/45943527.cms |title=Land reforms moved Jains away comfort zone |date=19 January 2015 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Pinto |first=Stanley}} Gujaratis, Tamils,{{cite news |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/many-languages-one-people-linguistic-diversity-mangaluru-119054 |title=Many languages, one people: The linguistic diversity of Mangaluru |newspaper=The News Minute |access-date=28 February 2020 |date=27 February 2020 |last=Malli |first=Karthik}} and Marathis.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/DK-Marathi-community-meet-today/articleshow/1097566.cms |title=DK Marathi community meet today |date=15 February 2002 |access-date=28 August 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Tulu is a predominant language in Mangalore and Kannada is the administrative language of Mangalore, but the city is multi-cultural. According to the 2011 census, Tulu is spoken as a first language by 39.24% of the population, Konkani by 16.42%, Kannada by 15.11%,Beary by 13.13%, Malayalam by 6.39%,Urdu by 2.52%,Hindi by 2.10%,Tamil by 1.91%,Telugu by 0.96%, and other languages are spoken by 2.23%. Unlike other cities in Karnataka where Kannada is a primary language, Kannada is the third most spoken language, Tulu is the predominant language in Mangalore, and Konkani is the second most spoken language in Mangalore.

{{Main|Mangalore City Corporation}}

File:Mcc.JPG

Mangalore has a city area of {{cvt|170|km2|sqmi|2}}. Municipal limits begin at Surathkal in the north, Netravati River bridge in the south, the western coast, and Vamanjoor in the east.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/three-flyovers-in-mangalore-will-be-ready-by-yearend-moily/article2447040.ece |date=12 September 2011 |title=Three flyovers in Mangalore will be ready by year-end: Moily |access-date=18 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Mangalore City Corporation (MCC) came into existence in 1980; it is the municipal corporation in charge of the city's civic and infrastructural assets.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/smart-city-project-to-restore-century-old-mangaluru-municipality-building/articleshow/62800344.cms |date=6 February 2018 |title=Smart City project to restore Century-old Mangaluru municipality building |access-date=2 August 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=K T |first=Vinobha}}

The MCC council consists of 60 elected representatives which are called corporators, one from each of the city's 60 wards.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=438794 |date=18 February 2017 |title=Mangaluru: Candidates for mayoral election – Congress facing problem of plenty |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/corporation-council-polls-on-november-12/article29753748.ece |title=Corporation council polls on November 12 |date=21 October 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} A corporator from the ruling majority party is selected to be the mayor.{{harvnb |Integrated Solid Waste Management Operation & Maintenance report |p=7 |Ref=18}} MCC's headquarters are at Lalbagh. Mangalore Urban Development Authority (MUDA) manages the planning, urban growth, and expansion of the city.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/A-first-Muda-to-build-apartments-on-PPP-mode/articleshow/37561055.cms |title=A first, Muda to build apartments on PPP mode |date=1 July 2014 |access-date=11 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/nine-water-bodies-in-mangaluu-to-get-facelift/article30300918.ece |title=Nine waterbodies in Mangaluru to get facelift |date=13 December 2019 |access-date=11 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mangalore-urban-development-authority-eyes-largest-planned-layout/article5773192.ece |title=Mangalore Urban Development Authority eyes largest planned layout |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=11 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} The District Commissioner is the chairperson of MUDA.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/house-plan-on-single-site-may-not-need-muda-nod/article5572918.ece |title=House plan on 'single site' may not need MUDA nod |date=13 January 2014 |access-date=11 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} The 44 projects which are listed as part of the Smart Cities Mission programme are managed by Mangalore Smart City Limited (MSCL).{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/smart-city-limited-to-take-up-44-works-worth-958-crore/article28139473.ece |title=Smart City Limited to take up 44 works worth ₹ 958 crore |date=26 June 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}

Until the Delimitation commission's revised the Lok Sabha and the legislative constituencies, Mangalore contributed two members to the Lok Sabha; one for the southern part of the city that fell under the Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency and another for the northern part of the city that fell under the Udupi Lok Sabha constituency.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/article2973530.ece |title=Congress bags Mayor's post as BJP goofs up |date=8 March 2012 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} After the delimitation of parliamentary constituencies in 2008, Mangalore Lok Sabha constituency was replaced with Dakshina Kannada Lok Sabha constituency, resulting in Mangalore being represented by one Member of Parliament (MP).{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=35701&n_tit=M'lore: |date=14 July 2007 |title=New Assembly constituencies |access-date=22 September 2007 |newspaper=Daijiworld |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112180006/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=35701&n_tit=M%27lore%3A+Assembly+Constituencies+Revised+%2D+Bye+Bye+Ullal%2C+Suratkal+++ |archive-date=12 January 2012 }}{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/05/stories/2006050522990400.htm |date=5 May 2006 |title=Assembly constituencies proposed by Delimitation Commission |access-date=22 September 2007 |last=Ranganna |first=T S |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108064811/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/05/stories/2006050522990400.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=8 November 2012}} Additionally Mangalore sends three members to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly from Mangalore City South, Mangalore City North, and Mangalore.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Mangalore-to-have-three-Assembly-segments/article14802322.ece |title=Mangalore to have three Assembly segments |access-date=21 July 2019 |date=29 September 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Raghuram |first=M}} The Mangalore City Police Department is headed by a Commissioner of Police.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Every-Friday-have-phone-in-with-Police-Commissioner/article14551574.ece |title=Every Friday, have phone-in with Police Commissioner |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=5 August 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Mangalore is also the headquarters of the Western Range Police, which covers the western districts of Karnataka and is headed by an Inspector General of Police (IGP).{{cite web |url=http://persmin.nic.in/ais/Ips_fcsreg.htm |title=The Indian Police Service (Fixation of Cadre Strength) Regulations, 1955 |access-date=15 April 2007 |publisher=Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061216151054/http://persmin.nic.in/ais/Ips_fcsreg.htm |archive-date=16 December 2006}}

File:KMC Hospital near Jyothi circle in Mangalore - 1.jpg in Mangalore{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/mangalurus-kmc-hospital-performs-first-liver-transplant/articleshow/57796172.cms |title=Mangaluru's KMC Hospital performs first liver transplant |date=23 March 2017 |access-date=25 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Pinto |first=Stanley}}|alt=|right]]

The city is served by various hospitals such as the KMC Hospitals, Father Muller Charitable Institutions (FMCI),{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=673453 |title=Mangaluru: Healing, comfort - Tryst with Father Muller Charitable Institutions |date=12 February 2020 |access-date=24 February 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} AJ Hospital, and Wenlock Hospital.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/private-doctors-hospitals-suspend-opd-services/article19980143.ece |title=Private doctors, hospitals suspend OPD services |date=4 November 2017 |access-date=24 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Wenlock Hospital, a teaching hospital of KMC Mangalore has around 1000 beds and caters to the healthcare needs of the neighboring districts.{{cite news |last=Noronha |first=Sushil |date=6 September 2019 |title=Mangaluru: Mother Mary Sodality donates wheelchairs to Wenlock Hospital |newspaper=Daijiworld |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=621969 |access-date=24 February 2020}} Mangalore is a hub for medical tourism and receives patients from foreign countries.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/city-opens-up-to-medical-tourism/articleshow/67933044.cms |title=Mangaluru opens up to medical tourism |date=11 February 2019 |access-date=25 February 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India}} From 2017 to 2019, around 240 foreign nationals were treated in three hospitals across the city. Approximately 50 per cent of the patients (the foreign nationals) arrived in 2018 and 2019. KMC, AJ, and Yenepoya Hospitals have received the highest number of foreign patients, including those from the United States. At Yenepoya Hospital, 68 foreign nationals have availed treatment during 2017–19. The largest inflow of foreign patients into Mangalore is from the Gulf countries. Deralakatte is a main healthcare hub of Mangalore.

In Mangalore, electricity is regulated by the Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) and distributed through Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM).{{cite web |url=http://www.kptcl.com/kptclaboutus.htm |title=About Us |publisher=Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL) |access-date=3 July 2008 |archive-date=19 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619235520/http://www.kptcl.com/kptclaboutus.htm |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.mesco.in/aboutus/index.asp |title=About Us |publisher=Mangalore Electricity Supply Company (MESCOM) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423021111/http://www.mesco.in/aboutus/index.asp |archive-date=23 April 2008 |access-date=3 April 2008}}{{harvnb|Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Karnataka)|2004|p=227|Ref=5}} Major state-owned enterprises such as Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) and Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers (MCF) operate their own captive power plants.{{cite web |url=http://wwpl.co.in/downloads/sep06_06_pmc.pdfw.mr |title=Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. (A Subsidiary of Oil and Natural gas Corporation Ltd.) |publisher=Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals (MRPL) |format=PDF |access-date=3 July 2008}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}{{cite web |url=http://www.mangalorechemicals.com/operations_Infrastructure.asp |title=Infrastructure |publisher=Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers (MCF) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011021914/http://www.mangalorechemicals.com/operations_Infrastructure.asp |archive-date=11 October 2007 |access-date=3 July 2008}}

Potable water is supplied to the city from a vented dam that was constructed across the Netravati River at Thumbe, {{cvt|14|km|mi|0}} from Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/04/21/stories/2005042101271900.htm |title=No funds crunch to tackle water scarcity in Dakshina Kannada |date=21 April 2005 |access-date=5 April 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005164642/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/04/21/stories/2005042101271900.htm |archive-date=5 October 2012 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}}{{cite journal |last=Budhya |first=Gururaja |title='Social relevance of decision making' – A case study of water supply and waste water management in Mangalore, Coastal Karnataka, India. |url=http://www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de/ihdw02/summaries/pdf/Guru%20text1.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Asian Educational Services |pages=1–2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227170946/http://www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de/ihdw02/summaries/pdf/Guru%20text1.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008 |access-date=18 February 2008}}{{cite journal |title=Karnataka Coastal Project |url=http://www.duraline.in/newsletter/Q4%202004%20Newsletter.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Duraline Pipes |issue=October–December 2004 |page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112065425/http://www.duraline.in/newsletter/Q4%202004%20Newsletter.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2006 |access-date=27 July 2008}} The Karnataka Urban Development and Coastal Environment Management Project (KUDCEMP) aims to improve safe water supply systems also reducing leakage and losses in the city's distribution system. The distribution and rehabilitation of the drinking water in the city are handled by the French company Suez Environnement.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/karnataka-french-firm-suez-to-rehabilitate-mangalurus-drinking-water-at-rs-565-79-cr/articleshow/72477853.cms |title=Karnataka: French firm Suez to rehabilitate Mangaluru's drinking water at Rs 565.79 cr |date=11 December 2019 |access-date=13 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/nine-water-bodies-in-mangaluu-to-get-facelift/article30300918.ece |title=Nine waterbodies in Mangaluru to get facelift |date=13 December 2019 |access-date=14 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Mangalore's official refuse disposal site is in Vamanjoor.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Vamanjoor-dumpyard-turns-killer/articleshow/30602735.cms |title=Vamanjoor dumpyard turns killer |date=8 December 2002 |access-date=16 April 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103185433/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-12-08/bangalore/27318143_1_bio-medical-waste-dumpyard-disposal |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=3 November 2012}} The city generates an average of 175 tonnes per day of waste, which is handled by the MCC's health department.{{harvnb|Mangalore City Corporation|p=10|Ref=18}}

Mangalore is the headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada Telecom District, the second largest telecom district in Karnataka.{{cite web |url=http://www.karnataka.bsnl.co.in/mangalore/ |title=South Kannada Telecom District |publisher=Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (Karnataka Telecom Circle) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715060137/http://www.karnataka.bsnl.co.in/mangalore/ |archive-date=15 July 2007 |access-date=15 March 2008}} Fixed-line telecom services are provided alongside GSM and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tata-docomo-expands-3g-network-in-karnataka/article6130487.ece |title=Tata Docomo expands 3G network in Karnataka |date=19 June 2014 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}} Prominent broadband internet service providers in the city include Airtel and DataOne by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited.{{cite news |url=http://hindu.com/2005/06/17/stories/2005061714690300.htm |title=BSNL launches broadband service |date=17 June 2005 |access-date=22 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013141839/http://hindu.com/2005/06/17/stories/2005061714690300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=13 October 2012}}

{{Main|List of educational institutions in Mangalore}}

File:NITK mangalore.jpg in Surathkal is among the premier institutes of India|alt=]]

The districts of Dakshina Kannada and Udupi are considered to be a major education corridor in India. Deralakatte is a university and Medical town in Mangalore where Universities like Mangalore University, Nitte, Yenepoya, Father Mullers, and Kanachur are situated.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/coastal-karnataka-emerges-a-prominent-education-corridor/article30360453.ece |title=Coastal Karnataka emerges a prominent education corridor |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Vinayak |first=A J}} In schools and colleges which are below university-level, the media of instruction are mostly English and Kannada, and English is used for teaching in universities.

{{cite web |url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af6_260.pdf |title=A brief history of scientific technology, research and educational progress of South Kanara |access-date=10 December 2016 |publisher=Indian Journal of History of Science |last1=Madhyastha |first1=M N |last2=Rahman |first2=M Abdul |last3=Kaveriappa |first3=K M |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525103046/http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005af6_260.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2015}} Schools and colleges in Mangalore are either government-run or are operated by private trusts and individuals.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/meritorious-students-to-be-felicitated-khader/article27402526.ece |title=Meritorious students to be felicitated: Khader |date=2 June 2019 |access-date=2 August 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}}{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/13-govt-schools-to-get-e-smart-school-units-under-smart-city/articleshow/68260840.cms |title=13 government schools to get e-smart school units under Smart City |date=5 March 2019 |access-date=2 August 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Schools are affiliated with either the Karnataka State Board, Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE),{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/Mangalore-based-St-Theresas-School-has-secured-cent-percent-results-in-class-10-examination-of-Indian-Certificate-of-Secondary-Education-ICSE-The-results-were-announced-on-Saturday-and-this-is-the-only-ICSE-School-in-Dakshina-Kannada-district-/articleshow/20106194.cms? |title=Mangalore-based St Theresa's School has secured cent percent results in class 10 examination of Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE). The results were announced on Saturday and this is the only ICSE School in Dakshina Kannada district. |date=17 May 2013 |access-date=10 December 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=M V |first=Pavan}} the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE),{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/many-cbse-schools-record-100-pc-results/article8662466.ece |title=Many CBSE schools record 100 p.c. results |date=29 May 2016 |access-date=10 December 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu}} or the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) boards.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/This-rank-holder-took-the-open-schooling-route/article14420274.ece |title=This rank holder took the open schooling route |date=13 June 2016 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=M |first=Raghava}}

Here are some of the earliest schools and colleges established in Mangalore, and their years of establishment{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Basel Evangelical School (1838){{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/bem-clocks-175-years/article5100364.ece |title=B.E.M. clocks 175 years |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=23 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}
• Milagres School (1848){{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=371207 |title=Mangaluru: Milagres Avishkar scheduled at Milagres college |date=5 December 2015 |access-date=2 September 2018 |newspaper=Daijiworld |last=Ullal |first=Spoorthi}}
• Rosario High School (1858){{cite news |url=http://www.mangaloretoday.com/opinion/MISSION-EDUCATION.html |title=Mission Education |date=29 July 2011 |access-date=28 August 2018 |last=Saldanha Shet |first=IJ |newspaper=Mangalore Today}}
• University College (1868){{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/487689/mangaluru-college-gets-heritage-tag.html |title=Mangaluru college gets heritage tag |date=6 July 2015 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}
• St. Ann's High School (1870){{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/carmelites-celebrate-150-years-of-educating-girls/articleshow/64023075.cms |title=Carmelites celebrate 150 years of educating girls |date=4 May 2018 |access-date=28 August 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Rao R |first=Sunitha}}
• St. Aloysius College (1879){{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/landslips-in-dakshina-kannada/article28695625.ece |title=Landslips in Dakshina Kannada |date=24 July 2019 |access-date=28 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu}}
• Canara High School (1891){{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Aravind-Adiga-donates-Rs-1-cr-to-alma-mater/articleshow/47889025.cms |title=Aravind Adiga donates Rs 1 cr to alma mater |date=3 July 2015 |access-date=2 September 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}}
• St. Agnes PU College (1921){{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/st-agnes-college-to-launch-centennial-year-celebrations-on-january-12/articleshow/62433805.cms |title=St Agnes College to launch centennial year celebrations on January 12 |access-date=28 August 2018 |date=9 January 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}}
• St. Agnes College (Autonomous) (1921){{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/st-agnes-college-gets-a-grade-from-naac-in-fourth-cycle/articleshow/57915305.cms |title=Mangaluru: St Agnes College gets A+ grade from NAAC in fourth cycle |access-date=2 February 2021 |date=30 March 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}}
• Sacred Hearts' School (1943){{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/rain-makes-it-more-exciting-for-children/article2251354.ece |title=Rain makes it more exciting for children |date=19 July 2011 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}
• Cascia High School (1946){{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/1250-students-getting-the-hindu-school-edition/article6598664.ece |title=1,250 students getting The Hindu school edition |date=14 November 2014 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}
• Carmel School (1951){{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=585698 |title=Carmel School Mangaluru shines again |date=7 May 2019 |access-date=19 January 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}

{{div col end}}

Kasturba Medical College which was established in 1953, was India's first private medical college and Manipal College Of Dental Sciences (MCODS) was established in the city in 1987.{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Aug152007/district2007081519172.asp |title=Sixty and still enterprising ... |last1=Fernandes |first1=Ronald Anil |date=15 August 2007 |access-date=1 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020534/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Aug152007/district2007081519172.asp |archive-date=6 April 2012 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last2=J. A. |first2=Naina |last3=Hegde |first3=Bhakti V. |last4=Raveendran |first4=Aabha |last5=Padmanabha K. V. |first5=Sibanthi |last6=Mayya |first6=Sushma P.}} A public library run by the Corporation Bank is located at Mannagudda.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/04/01/stories/2006040100730100.htm |title=It's a treasure of books |date=1 April 2006 |access-date=31 January 2008 |first=Raviprasad |last=Kamila |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102025050/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2006/04/01/stories/2006040100730100.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=2 November 2012}} Mangalore University was established on 10 September 1980{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090811840300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221100644/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090811840300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 December 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |title=Mangalore University all set to celebrate jubilee |date=8 September 2004 |access-date=10 December 2016}} to fulfil the higher-education needs of Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts.{{cite web |url=http://www.mangaloreuniversity.ac.in/ |title=Details of Mangalore University |publisher=Mangalore University |access-date=21 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207032239/http://www.mangaloreuniversity.ac.in/ |archive-date=7 February 2012}} It is a National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)-accredited, four-star-level institution.{{cite web |url=http://www.educationobserver.com/resources/universsities/karnataka.htm |title=UGC recognised Universities in Karnataka with NAAC accreditation status |access-date=15 February 2014 |publisher=Education Observer}} NITK houses South India's first Regional Academy Centre for Space (RAC-S) which was launched by ISRO.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-launches-south-indias-first-student-centric-rac-s-centre-at-nitk/articleshow/73088609.cms |title=ISRO launches South India's first student-centric RAC-S centre at NITK |date=3 January 2020 |access-date=19 May 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Mendonsa |first=Kevin}}

{{Main|Transport in Mangalore}}

Mangalore is the only city in Karnataka to have all modes of transport—air, road, rail and sea.{{cite web |url=https://mangaloreuniversity.ac.in/iccm2019/Broucher_ICCM_2019.pdf |title=Advances in Chemical and Material Science |access-date=1 March 2020 |publisher=Mangalore University}}

File:Mangalore Airport jet bridge.jpg at the Mangalore International Airport]]

Mangalore International Airport (IATA: IXE, ICAO: VOML) is located near Bajpe-Kenjar and about {{cvt|13|km|mi|0}} north-east of Mangalore city centre.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Mangaluru-international-airport-stands-third-in-customer-satisfaction-survey/articleshow/54857060.cms |title=Mangaluru international airport stands third in customer satisfaction survey |date=14 October 2016 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}} It operates regular scheduled flights to major cities in India and the Middle East.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/MIA-handles-record-passengers-during-2013-14-at-a-growth-of-21-71-/articleshow/34162590.cms? |title=MIA handles record passengers during 2013–14 at a growth of 21.71%. |date=24 April 2014 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/air-india-reintroduces-mangalorekuwait-service/article6540868.ece |title=Air India reintroduces Mangalore-Kuwait service |date=28 October 2014 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Kamila |first=Raviprasad}} It is the second-largest and second-busiest airport in Karnataka.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/centre-okays-leasing-out-702121.html |title=Centre okays leasing out Mangalore airport |date=8 November 2018 |access-date=14 December 2019 |last=Kulkarni |first=Sagar |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mangalore-airport-handles-1242-lakh-passengers/article8151464.ece |title=Mangalore Airport records growth in passenger traffic |date=25 January 2016 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Vinayak |first=A J}} New terminals and runways at the airport accommodate both cargo and passenger requirements.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/mangalore-airport-to-start-domestic-cargo-handling-from-june-26/article7333074.ece |title=Mangalore airport to start domestic cargo handling from June 26 |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line}} This airport is accredited by the Airports Council International (ACI) under the Airport Health Accreditation (AHA) programme.{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/adani-airports-in-ahmedabad-lucknow-and-mangaluru-get-aci-accreditation-121011800287_1.html |title=Adani airports in Ahmedabad, Lucknow and Mangaluru get ACI accreditation |date=18 January 2021 |access-date=18 January 2021 |newspaper=Business Standard}} State-government-run buses connect the city with the airport.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/10/04/stories/2006100403880900.htm |title=Intl services begin at Mangalore airport |date=4 October 2006 |access-date=21 February 2008 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005164634/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2006/10/04/stories/2006100403880900.htm |archive-date=5 October 2012}}

Five National Highways pass through Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/NHAI-invites-bids-to-prepare-DPR-for-bypass/article15006907.ece |title=NHAI invites bids to prepare DPR for bypass |date=30 September 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar}} NH-66 (previously known as NH-17{{cite news |title=NH 66 expansion hit more lives, ecology than estimated: Study |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/nh-66-expansion-hit-more-lives-ecology-than-estimated-study/article30832589.ece |access-date=23 February 2020 |date=16 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Deepika |first=K C}}), which runs from Panvel, Maharashtra, to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, passes through Mangalore in a north–south direction.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/muda-adopts-action-plan-to-construct-safety-wall-along-nethravathi-bridge/articleshow/73358991.cms |title=MUDA adopts action plan to construct safety wall along Nethravathi Bridge |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=20 January 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}} NH-75 (previously known as NH-48) runs eastward to Bangalore and Vellore.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/govt-to-develop-economic-corridors-logistics-parks/articleshow/57063058.cms |title=Govt to develop economic corridors, logistics parks |date=9 February 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India}} NH-169 (previously known as NH-13) runs north-east from Mangalore to Shimoga.{{cite web |url=http://www.nhai.org/Doc/project-offer/Highways.pdf |title=NH wise Details of NH in respect of Stretches entrusted to NHAI |access-date=4 July 2008 |publisher=National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225142615/http://www.nhai.org/Doc/project-offer/Highways.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2009}} NH-73, a {{cvt|315|km|mi|0|adj=on}}-long National Highway connects Mangalore to Tumkur.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangalore/DKs-new-NH-to-connect-three-states-/articleshow/5857031.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065507/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-04-26/mangalore/28138714_1_nh-48-nhdp-nh-13 |url-status=live |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=DK's new NH to connect three states |date=26 April 2010 |access-date=15 December 2011 |last=Shenoy |newspaper=The Times of India |first=Jaideep}} NH-275 also connects Mangalore with Bangalore via Mysore.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bangaloremysore-highway-to-be-upgraded-to-sixlane-on-ppp-basis/article6043414.ece |title=Bangalore-Mysore highway to be upgraded to six-lane on PPP basis |access-date=8 April 2017 |date=24 May 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu}} National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is upgrading the national highways connecting New Mangalore Port to Surathkal on NH-66 and BC Road junction on NH-75.{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/416172/nhai-approves-overpass-nanthoor-junction.html |title=NHAI approves overpass at Nanthoor junction |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} Under the port connectivity programme of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), a {{cvt|37.5|km|mi|0|adj=on}} stretch of these highways will be widened from two lanes to four.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/10/07/stories/2005100700631900.htm |date=7 October 2005 |title=4-lane road project in Mangalore likely to be completed in 30 months |access-date=13 October 2006 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709021428/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2005/10/07/stories/2005100700631900.htm |archive-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}

Mangalore's city bus service is dominated by private operators, which operate routes that extend beyond the city's boundary. Bus services from Mangalore are operated by the Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association (DKBOA) and Canara Bus Operators Association (CBOA).{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/06/stories/2006030616460300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629051245/http://www.hindu.com/2006/03/06/stories/2006030616460300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2011 |title=Transport operators in district vie for routes |date=6 March 2006 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=16 June 2008}}{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/now-a-helpline-for-bus-commuters-in-city-to-pour-out-their-woes/article25315331.ece |title=Now, a helpline for bus commuters in city to pour out their woes |date=25 October 2018 |access-date=20 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar}} Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) also runs bus services in the city.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/ksrtc-city-bus-services-to-start-running-by-monthend/article7840350.ece |title=KSRTC city bus services to start running by month-end |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar |date=4 November 2015 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |access-date=8 October 2016}} Two distinct sets of routes for the buses exist; city routes are covered by city buses while intercity routes are covered by service and express buses.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Bus-service-sought-between-Kateel-and-Dharmasthala/article14992352.ece |title=Bus service sought between Kateel and Dharmasthala |date=22 September 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} KSRTC also operates long-distance bus services that connect Mangalore with other parts of the state.{{cite web |url=http://ksrtc.in/ksrtc-fecility.htm |title=Profile of KSRTC |access-date=4 July 2008 |publisher=Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703125154/http://ksrtc.in/ksrtc-fecility.htm |archive-date=3 July 2008}} KSRTC JnNurm green city buses operate within the city limits.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/3-yr-demand-materialises-city-gets-JnNURM-depot-35-buses/articleshow/55259143.cms |title=3-yr demand materialises; city gets JnNURM depot, 35 buses |date=5 November 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=K T |first=Vinobha}}

File:Clock Tower to Nehru Maidan Road in Mangalore - 2.jpg

Rail connectivity in Mangalore was established in 1907;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Railways-cross-a-milestone/article16019155.ece |title=Railways cross a milestone |date=12 April 2010 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Radhakrishnan |first=S. Anil}} the city was the starting point of India's longest rail route. The city has three railway stations; Mangalore Central at Hampankatta, Mangalore Junction at Padil, and Surathkal railway station.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/08/stories/2007110854800400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110225303/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/08/stories/2007110854800400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2007 |title=Name changed |date=8 November 2007 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=5 July 2008}} A railway track built through the Western Ghats connects Mangalore with Sakleshpur and Hassan.{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/finally-on-track-new-hassan-rail-line-to-bring-closer-bengaluru-mangaluru/articleshow/57488957.cms |title=Finally on track: New Hassan Rail Line to bring closer Bengaluru, Mangaluru |date=6 March 2017 |access-date=3 December 2019 |newspaper=The Economic Times |last=Menezes |first=Naveen}} The broad gauge track connecting Mangalore to Bangalore via Hassan was opened to freight traffic in May 2006{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/mangalorehassan-rail-line-open-for-freight-traffic/article1732937.ece |date=6 May 2006 |title=Mangalore-Hassan rail line open for freight traffic |access-date=13 October 2006 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Vinayak |first=A J}} and passenger traffic in December 2007.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/24/stories/2007112461660400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071205201333/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/24/stories/2007112461660400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2007 |date=24 November 2007 |newspaper=The Hindu |title=Bangalore-Mangalore train service from December 8 |access-date=2 October 2008}} Mangalore is also connected to Chennai, Mumbai, Pune, Bhatkal, Karwar, Surat, Ajmer, and Margao through the Konkan Railway.{{cite web |url=http://www.konkanrailway.com/node/39 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130127150157/http://www.konkanrailway.com/node/39 |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 January 2013 |title=The Beginning |access-date=16 April 2008 |publisher=Konkan Railway Corporation Limited}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Chennai/article2387166.ece |title=Southern Railway to operate special trains |date=23 August 2011 |access-date=15 December 2011 |newspaper=The Hindu}}

Mangalore Harbour has shipping, storage, and logistical services; New Mangalore Port handles dry, bulk and fluid cargoes,{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/new-mangalore-port-traffic-goes-up-64/article5756999.ece |title=New Mangalore Port traffic goes up 6.4% |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=6 March 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu Business Line |last=Vinayak |first=A J}} and is equipped to handle petroleum oil lubricants, crude products and LPG containers.{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/economy/india-signs-oil-storage-pact-with-united-arab-emirates/522572/ |title=India signs oil storage pact with United Arab Emirates |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=26 January 2017 |newspaper=The Financial Express}} The Indian Coast Guard has a station at New Mangalore Port.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Coast-Guard-to-get-dedicated-jetty-at-New-Mangalore-Port/articleshow/43515619.cms |title=Coast Guard to get dedicated jetty at New Mangalore Port |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=26 September 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India}} The artificial harbour is India's seventh largest container port and the only major port in Karnataka.{{harvnb|Integrated Solid Waste Management Operation & Maintenance report|p=4|Ref=18}} Electronic visa (e-visa) facilities are available for travellers arriving in India at New Mangalore Port.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Foreigners-can-enter-India-through-five-ports-on-e-visa/article16738695.ece |title=Foreigners can enter India through five ports on e-visa |newspaper=The Hindu |date=2 December 2016 |access-date=5 December 2016}}

{{Main|Culture of Mangalore}}

File:World Konkani Centre.jpg in Mangalore|alt=]]

Many classical dance forms and folk art are practised in Mangalore. Yakshagana is a night-long dance and drama performance{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061000340300.htm |title=Enduring art |last=Prabhu |first=Ganesh |date=10 January 2004 |access-date=20 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103015415/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/06/10/stories/2004061000340300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=3 November 2012}} while Pilivesha (tiger dance), a folk dance unique to the city, is performed during Dasara and Krishna Janmashtami.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/354160109.cms |title=Human 'tigers' face threat to health |last1=Pinto |first1=Stanley G. |date=26 October 2001 |access-date=7 December 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113160219/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/354160109.cms |archive-date=13 January 2009 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Karadi Vesha (bear dance) is another well-known dance that is performed during Dasara.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=726 |title=Poem: What's in a Name? |last=D'Souza |first=Stephen |access-date=4 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208022637/http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=726 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}

Paddanas, ballad-like epics passed on verbally through generations, are sung by a community of impersonators in Tulu and are usually accompanied by the rhythmic drum beats. The Bearys' unique traditions are reflected in folk songs such as Kolkai (sung during Kolata, a valour folk-dance during which sticks are used as props), Unjal Pat (traditional lullaby), Moilanji Pat and Oppune Pat (sung at weddings).{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/13/stories/2007101361130300.htm |title=Beary Sahitya Academy set up |date=13 October 2007 |access-date=15 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102025141/http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/13/stories/2007101361130300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=2 November 2012}} The Evkaristik Purshanv (Konkani: Eucharistic procession) is an annual Catholic religious procession that is held on the first Sunday of each year.

Most of the popular Indian festivals are celebrated, the most important are Dasara, Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Eid and Ganesh Chaturthi.{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=546475 |title=Mangaluru: Christmas celebrations promote interfaith harmony at St Aloysius College |date=17 December 2018 |access-date=16 March 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld |last=Kolpe |first=Abhijith N}}{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/why-moode-may-soon-fall-off-festival-menus/articleshow/70815164.cms |title=Why moode may soon fall off Mangalurean festival menus |date=24 August 2019 |access-date=16 March 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Mendonsa |first=Kevin}} Kodial Theru, also known as Mangaluru Rathotsava (chariot festival) is unique to the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community and is celebrated at the city's Sri Venkatramana Temple.{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/5-day-Car-Festival-begins-in-Mangaluru/articleshow/50936199.cms |title=5-day Car Festival begins in Mangaluru |date=10 February 2016 |access-date=16 February 2020 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep}}

The Mangalore Catholic community's unique festivals include Monti Fest (Mother Mary's feast), which celebrates the Nativity feast and the blessing of new harvests.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=129 |title=Monti Fest Originated at Farangipet – 240 Years Ago! |last=Monteiro |first=John B. |access-date=11 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208022642/http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=129 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} The Jain Milan, a committee that consists of Jain families, organises the annual Jain food festival,{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/11/24/stories/2007112450980400.htm |title=Food for thought |last=Nayak |first=Amrita |date=24 November 2007 |access-date=18 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071329/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/11/24/stories/2007112450980400.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=28 September 2011}} while Mosaru Kudike (curd pots feast), which is part of Krishna Janmashtami festival is celebrated by the whole community.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mosaru-kudike-celebrations-add-a-dash-of-colour/article7624128.ece |title=Mosaru Kudike celebrations add a dash of colour |date=7 September 2015 |access-date=18 October 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Manjunath |first=H S}} Special night prayers called Taraveeh (rest and relaxation) are offered in mosques during the month of Ramadan.{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=700225 |title=Mangaluru: Crescent moon sighted - Ramadan to begin from April 24 |date=23 April 2020 |access-date=2 May 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}

Aati, a festival worshiping Kalenja, a patron spirit of the city, is during the Aashaadha month of Hindu calendar.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/make-the-best-of-aati-at-pilikula-on-aug-2/article7459307.ece |title=Make the best of Aati at Pilikula on Aug. 2 |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=M |first=Raghava}} Festivals such as Karavali Utsav (coastal festival) and Kudlotsava (Tulu: festival of Mangalore) are celebrated with national and state-level performances in dance, drama and music.{{cite web |url=http://www.karavaliutsav.com/display.php?content_option=SECTION&ref_id=140 |title=Objectives of Karavali Utsav |publisher=Karavali Utsav, Mangalore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204155958/http://www.karavaliutsav.com/display.php?content_option=SECTION&ref_id=140 |archive-date=4 February 2012 |access-date=9 July 2008}} Bhuta Kola (spirit worship) is usually performed by the Tuluva community at night.{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/70064/connecting-nature.html |title=Connecting with nature |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} Bhuta Kola is similar to Theyyam in Kerala.{{Cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731 |title='Devakoothu'; the lone woman Theyyam in North Malabar |website=Mathrubhumi |access-date=6 June 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606105354/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/videos/news/news-in-videos/devakoothu-the-lone-woman-theyyam-in-north-malabar-1.3468731 |url-status=dead}}{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/This-year-Devakoothu-gets-a-new-face/articleshow/17735370.cms |title=Devakoothu: This year, Devakoothu gets a new face |website=The Times of India|date=23 December 2012 }} Nagaradhane (snake worship) is performed in praise of Naga Devatha (the serpent king), who is said to be the protector of all snakes.{{cite web |url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |title=Nagarapanchami Naadige Doddadu |date=18 August 2007 |publisher=Mangalorean.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209025322/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=50662 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |access-date=28 January 2008}} Kori Katta, an ancient ritual associated with the Hindu temples in rural areas,{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/article1175873.ece |title=Police move against cockfight faces opposition |date=10 January 2008 |access-date=23 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}[http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=100385 'Kori Katta' draws maximum crowd] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225092243/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=100385 |date=25 December 2013}} Mangalorean.com 14 November 2008 a religious and spiritual cockfight, is held at the temples when permission is given by police.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/article2434611.ece |title=Cockfight held at school |date=8 September 2011 |access-date=23 February 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}

{{main|Mangalorean cuisine}}

File:Neer Dosa.jpg and pundi (rice ball), are native to Mangalore|alt=]]

Mangalorean cuisine is largely influenced by South Indian cuisine; several local cuisines are unique to the diverse communities of the region.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/exploring-mangalorean-cuisine-for-christmas/articleshow/56137891.cms |title=Exploring Mangalorean cuisine for Christmas |date=24 December 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=C R |first=Sharanya}} Coconut, curry leaves, ginger, garlic, and chili are common ingredients in Mangalorean curries.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/culmination-of-cuisines/article7333334.ece |title=Culmination of cuisines |date=19 June 2015 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Lazarus |first=Susanna Myrtle}} Well-known Mangalorean dishes include kori rotti, neer dosa, pundi (rice ball), patrode, golibaje and Mangalore buns.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=486171 |title=Oman: Mangaluru Balaga Sohar organises 'Food Festival and Musical Night' |date=14 December 2017 |access-date=15 February 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} Mangalorean cuisine is also known for fish and chicken dishes like bangude pulimunchi (spicy sour silver-grey mackerels), boothai gasi (sardine semi-gravy), anjal fry, Mangalorean Chicken Sukka, and Chicken Ghee Roast.{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/this-weekend-make-an-iconic-dish-manglorean-chicken-ghee-roast/ |title=This weekend, make an iconic dish: Mangalorean Chicken Ghee Roast |date=2 April 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Indian Express |last=Pereira |first=Carol}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/flavours-from-the-coast-of-mangalore/article17743964.ece |title=Flavours from the coast |date=30 March 2017 |access-date=17 June 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=Narayanan |first=Lavanya}} Due to Mangalore being a coastal city, fish is a staple of most people's diet.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/oh-fish-rainy-days-are-here/articleshow/59172887.cms |title=Oh fish! Rainy days are here |date=16 June 2017 |access-date=17 June 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Daithota |first=Madhu}} The Konkani Hindu community's specialties include daali thoy (lentil curry), bibbe-upkari (tender cashew-nut curry), val val (coconut-milk-based curry), ambat (vegetable-based coconut curry),{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/spectrum/spectrum-top-stories/aromas-coast-671031.html |title=Spectrum: Aromas of the coast |date=21 May 2018 |access-date=16 July 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |last=G R |first=Prajna}} avnas ambe sasam (pineapple-mango fruit salad), kadgi chakko (raw jackfruit-coconut curry), paagila podi (spine gourd fries), and chane gashi (chickpea curry).{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sunday-chronicle/epicuriosity/200817/a-taste-of-the-coast.html |title=A taste of the coast |date=20 August 2017 |access-date=16 July 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |last=Poojari |first=Narayan}}{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/lifestyle-gallery/seven-iconic-mangalore-dishes-2759297-foodie/5/ |title=Have you had these seven iconic Mangalore dishes? |date=18 April 2016 |access-date=1 November 2016 |newspaper=The Indian Express}} Mangalorean Catholics' dish sanna-dukra maas (sanna—idli fluffed with toddy or yeast; dukra maas—pork), pork bafat, sorpotel,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/why-mangalore-is-one-of-the-best-offbeat-destinations-in-india/as65245863.cms |title=Why Mangalore is one of the best offbeat destinations in India |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=16 July 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India |last=Chowdhury |first=Arka Roy}} and mutton biryani of the Beary Muslims are well-known dishes.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/This-Ramzan-biryani-variety-is-the-spice-of-life-in-Mangalore/articleshow/47927811.cms |title=This Ramzan, biryani variety is the spice of life in Mangalore |date=3 July 2015 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Pickles such as happala, sandige, and puli munchi are unique to Mangalore.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/explore-exotic-fruits-delicacies-at-fruits-mela-739056.html |title=Explore exotic fruits, delicacies at fruits mela |date=10 June 2019 |access-date=16 July 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}{{cite news |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2018-latest/constituency/article/mangalore-city-north-mohiuddin-bava-dr-bharath-shetty-bjp-congress-jds/224442 |title=Mangalore City North Election Result 2018 live updates: Dr. Bharath Shetty of BJP wins |date=15 May 2018 |access-date=16 July 2019 |newspaper=Times Now}} Shendi (toddy) which is a country liquor prepared from coconut flower sap, is popular. Vegetarian cuisine, also known as Udupi cuisine, is known throughout the state and region.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/Karnataka-food-on-the-platter/article17067672.ece |title=Karnataka food on the platter |date=20 January 2017 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |last=K |first=Bhumika}}

File:AIR FM Tower Mangalore 0203.jpg's FM tower at Kadri]]

Mangaluru Samachara, the first ever newspaper in Kannada, was published in 1843 by Hermann Mögling of the Basel Mission.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/first-kannada-newspaper-was-brought-out-by-a-german/article7727593.ece |title=First Kannada newspaper was brought out by a German |last=S |first=Bageshree |date=6 October 2015 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |access-date=29 October 2016}}{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/artic6.asp |title=Herr Kannada |date=18 January 2004 |access-date=18 January 2008 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224153631/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/artic6.asp |archive-date=24 February 2012}} The first Kannada-to-English dictionary was published in Mangalore by Ferdinand Kittel in 1894.{{cite news |url=https://archive.org/details/grammarofkannada00kittuoft |title=A grammar of the Kannada language in English : comprising the three dialects of the language |access-date=22 November 2016 |publisher=Mangalore : Basel Mission Book and Tract Depository}} Major national English-language newspapers such as Times of India, The Hindu, The New Indian Express, Deccan Herald and Daijiworld{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/28/stories/2004032811230300.htm |title=Keeping track of events back home made easy |date=28 March 2004 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=9 July 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/05/26/stories/2005052614340300.htm |title=Mangalore-based portal among popular websites |date=26 May 2005 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=9 July 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} publish localised Mangalore editions.{{cite web |url=http://www.indiacom.com/yellow-pages/newspapers-and-magazine-publishers/mangalore/ |title=Newspapers and Magazine Publishers in Mangalore |access-date=19 February 2017 |publisher=Indiacom}}{{cite web |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/mangalore/media/newspaper.html |title=Mangalore Newspapers |access-date=20 March 2020 |publisher=Maps of India}} Madipu (Esteem), Mogaveera, Samparka (Contact) and Saphala (Success) are the well-known Tulu periodicals in Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul192007/district2007071913749.asp |title='Madipu' literary competitions |date=19 July 2007 |access-date=18 January 2008 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020545/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Jul192007/district2007071913749.asp |archive-date=6 April 2012}}

Popular Konkani language periodicals published in the city are Raknno (Guardian), Konknni Dirvem (Konkani Treasure) and Kannik (Offering). Beary periodicals published in Mangalore include Jyothi (Light) and Swatantra Bharata (Independent India). Kannada-language newspapers are Udayavani (Morning Voice) by Manipal Press Ltd, Vijaya Karnataka (Victory of Karnataka) and Vijayavani (Voice of Victory){{cite web |url=https://www.w3newspapers.com/india/kannada/ |title=Kannada newspapers and news sites |access-date=14 July 2019 |publisher=W3 Newspapers}} by VRL Group, Prajavani (Voice of the People), Kannada Prabha (Kannada Radiance), Varthabharathi (Indian News), Samyukta Karnataka (United Karnataka), and Hosa Digantha (New Horizon).{{cite web |url=http://www.epapermathrubhumi.com/mathrubhumi-epaper-by-language-kannada.html |title=Kannada Newspapers and Kannada News Sites |access-date=9 July 2017 |publisher=E-paper Mathrubhumi}} The city's evening newspapers include Karavali Ale (Waves from the Coast), Mangaluru Mitra (Friend of Mangalore), Sanjevani (Evening Voice), and Jayakirana (Rays of Victory) are also published in the city.{{cite web |url=http://www.epapersland.com/india/jaya-kirana.html |title=Jaya Kirana Epaper |access-date=20 February 2017 |publisher=Epapers hub}} The Konkani-language newspaper Kodial Khabar (Mangalore News) is published fortnightly. Malayalam newspapers such as Malayala Manorama (Beautiful Malayalam) and Madhyamam (Medium) publish localised Mangalore editions.{{cite web |url=http://www.epapermathrubhumi.com/malayalam-newspaper-mangalore-edition.html |title=Malayalam Newspaper Mangalore Edition |access-date=18 February 2017 |publisher=E-paper Mathrubhumi}}

The state-run, nationally broadcast television channel Doordarshan provides national and local television coverage.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mangalore-remained-a-transmission-centre/article6237004.ece |title=Mangalore remained a transmission centre |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=22 July 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu}}

Cable television also provides channels from independently owned private networks.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/DK-to-go-completely-digital-with-cable-TV-transmission-by-Dec-31/articleshow/53958303.cms |title=DK to go completely digital with cable TV transmission by Dec 31 |access-date=20 February 2017 |date=1 September 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Canara TV and V4 Digital infotech network, local Multi System Operators, transmits daily video news channels, live events and cultural programmes to the city through local channels.{{cite web |url=http://canaratv.com/ |title=Daily Video News Channels from Mangalore |access-date=16 January 2008 |publisher=Canara TV}} Multiple local television channels broadcast programmes and news in Tulu, Konkani, Beary and Kannada;{{cite web |url=http://v4news.com/ |title=V4 News 24x7 |access-date=20 February 2017 |publisher=V4 News Mangalore}} these include Namma TV, V4 News and Spandana.{{cite web |url=http://namma.tv/ |title=Namma TV – The pulse of Coastal Karnataka |access-date=20 February 2017 |publisher=Namma TV}} Tulu channels are Namma Kudla{{cite web |url=http://www.nammakudlanews.com/ |title=Nammakudla News |website=www.nammakudlanews.com |access-date=6 October 2016}} and Posa Kural.{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/Posa-Kural-decennial/speednewsbytopic/keyid-1836081.cms |title=Posa Kural decennial: Real Time News and Latest Updates |date=27 August 2013 |website=Posa Kural decennial: Real Time News and Latest Updates}} All India Radio (AIR) has a studio at Kadri and broadcasts to Mangalore on 100.3 MHz.{{cite news |last=Kumar N K R |first=Ashwani |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/388286/wave-change-hit-air-mangalore.html |title=Wave of change to hit AIR Mangalore |date=24 February 2014 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=20 February 2017}} Mangalore's private FM stations include Radio Mirchi 98.3 FM, Big 92.7 FM{{cite news |url=http://www.medianewsline.com/news/119/ARTICLE/1796/2007-12-05.html |title=BIG FM Launches Station in Mangalore |date=5 December 2007 |access-date=5 July 2008 |publisher=Media Newsline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305203200/http://www.medianewsline.com/news/119/ARTICLE/1796/2007-12-05.html |archive-date=5 March 2012}} and Red 93.5 FM.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350640200.htm |title=It's time to swing to hits from FM channels |first=Govind D. |last=Belgaumkar |date=23 November 2007 |access-date=5 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629051238/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350640200.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=29 June 2011}} Radio SARANG 107.8 is a community radio station that is run by St. Aloysius College.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=153451 |title=Mangalore: SAC Community Radio Sarang 107.8 Celebrates Third Anniversary |access-date=18 February 2017 |date=24 October 2012 |newspaper=Daijiworld}}

Mangalore is home to the Tulu film industry which releases one film per month on average.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Tulu-Sahitya-Academy-announces-annual-awards/article17123395.ece |title=Tulu Sahitya Academy announces annual awards |date=31 January 2017 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Popular Tulu films include Kadala Mage (Son of the Sea) and Suddha (The Cleansing Rites).{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=314298 |title=Mangaluru: Audio CD of Tulu movie 'Super Marmaye' released |date=24 April 2015 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} Tulu dramas which are mostly played in the Town Hall at Hampankatta, are very popular. Mangalore hosted the Tulu film festivals in 2006 and 2015.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022315050300.htm |title=Tulu film festival |access-date=19 January 2008 |date=23 February 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828100518/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/23/stories/2006022315050300.htm |newspaper=The Hindu |archive-date=28 August 2011}}{{cite web |url=http://www.konkanworld.com/recent-events/243/tulu-cinemotsava-2015 |title=Konkanworld {{!}} Tulu Cinemotsava 2015 |website=www.konkanworld.com |access-date=12 November 2016 |publisher=Konkan World |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113032550/http://www.konkanworld.com/recent-events/243/tulu-cinemotsava-2015 |archive-date=13 November 2016}}

{{Main|Sports in Mangalore}}

File:Pilikula Nisargadhama golf course, Mangalore.jpg

Cricket is a popular sport in Mangalore.{{cite web |url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/kpl-2016-know-your-team-mangalore-united |title=Karbonn KPL 2016: Know your team – Mangalore United |date=11 September 2016 |website=Sportskeeda |access-date=5 December 2019}} Local cricket stadia include Mangala Stadium and B.R. Ambedkar Cricket Stadium (near NMPT).{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/07/stories/2006080716740300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928131927/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/07/stories/2006080716740300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2009 |title=Minister keen on improving sports infrastructure |date=7 August 2006 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=18 February 2008}}{{cite news |url=http://www.bellevision.com/belle/index.php?action=topnews&type=15876 |title=Mangaluru: MPL Cricket scheduled in Dec 2016 with added attractions |date=9 August 2016 |access-date=10 December 2016 |publisher=www.bellevision.com}} The Sports Authority of India (SAI) has a sports training centre at Mangala Stadium.{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/17/stories/2006071717730300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070903181728/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/17/stories/2006071717730300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2007 |title=Approval granted for sports training centre at Mangala Stadium |date=17 July 2006 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=25 July 2008}} Mangalore United is a Karnataka Premier League (KPL) franchise owned by Fiza Developers.{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/top-stories/Mangalore-United-team-owner-confident-of-successful-KPL-4-0/articleshow/48725465.cms |title=Mangalore United team owner confident of successful KPL 4.0 |date=29 August 2015 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India}} Mangalore Premier League (MPL) is a cricket tournament organised by Karnataka Regional Cricket Academy.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Mangalore-Premier-League-in-December/article14560560.ece |title=Mangalore Premier League in December |date=10 August 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=10 December 2016}} Nehru Maidan is an important local venue that hosts domestic, inter-school and intercollegiate tournaments.{{cite news |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58296.html |title=Central Maidan (Mangalore, India) |access-date=25 July 2008 |work=Cricinfo}} Mangalore Sports Club (MSC) has been elected as the institutional member for the Mangalore Zone of the Karnataka State Cricket Association (KSCA).{{cite news |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/310173.html |title=Wadiyar defeats Viswanath in Karnataka elections |last=Vasu |first=Anand |date=9 September 2007 |access-date=25 July 2008 |work=Cricinfo}}{{cite news |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep102007/scroll2007091024510.asp?section=frontpagenews |title=Mixed verdict in KSCA polls |date=10 September 2007 |access-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020538/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep102007/scroll2007091024510.asp?section=frontpagenews |archive-date=6 April 2012 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} Lokesh Rahul, commonly known as KL Rahul and Budhi Kunderan, a former Indian wicket-keeper are from Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/30178.html |title=Budhi Kunderan (India) |work=Cricinfo |access-date=26 July 2008}} Ravi Shastri, who represented India for several years in international cricket as an all-rounder and captained the team, is of Mangalorean descent.{{cite news |url=http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/story/310173.html |title=Repaying the faith |last=Vasu |first=Anand |date=11 March 2007 |access-date=25 July 2008 |work=Cricinfo}}

Football is also a popular sport in the city and is usually played in the maidans (grounds); the Nehru Maidan is the most popular venue for domestic tournaments.{{cite news |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Mangalore-premier-league-3-0-trophy-launch-today/articleshow/55646068.cms |title=Mangalore premier league 3.0 trophy launch today |date=27 November 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=20 February 2017}} Dakshina Kannada District Football Association (DKDFA) annually organises the Independence Day Cup, which is played on Independence Day at district football grounds adjacent to Nehru Maidan.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=405267 |title=Mangaluru: Independence Cup football tourney kicks off, Nehru Maidan to be sports ground |date=21 July 2016 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} Schools and colleges from across Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Kodagu districts participate and the matches are conducted under seven categories for children and young adults in education.{{cite news |url=http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/67410-independence-day-cup-football-tourney-concludes-on-a-high-note |title=Independence Day Cup football tourney concludes on a high note |last=Network |first=CD |date=15 August 2014 |access-date=16 October 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018212401/http://www.coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/67410-independence-day-cup-football-tourney-concludes-on-a-high-note |archive-date=18 October 2016 |newspaper=Coastaldigest.com |language=en-US}} Chess is a popular indoor pastime in the city.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/mangalore-children-excel-in-chess-tournament/article2452146.ece |title=Mangalore children excel in chess tournament |date=14 September 2011 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Mangalore is the headquarters of South Kanara District Chess Association (SKDCA), which has hosted two All India Open Chess tournaments.{{cite web |url=http://www.karnatakachess.com/recent.shtml |title=Recent Tournaments |publisher=United Karnataka Chess Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508200356/http://www.karnatakachess.com/recent.shtml |archive-date=8 May 2008 |access-date=22 July 2008}}{{cite web |url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=47176&newstype=local |title=Mangalore: All India Fide Rated Open Chess Tournament takes off |date=3 July 2006 |publisher=Mangalorean.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224141912/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=47176 |archive-date=24 December 2007 |access-date=25 July 2008}}{{cite web |url=http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=81429&newstype=local |title=All India chess tourney in Mangalore from July 19 |date=17 June 2008 |publisher=Mangalorean.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714030754/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newsid=81429&newstype=local |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=25 July 2008}} Other sports such as tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, table tennis and golf are played in clubs and gymkhanas in Mangalore.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/proposed-indoor-stadium-for-badminton-only-jain/article7047433.ece |title=Proposed indoor stadium for badminton only: Jain |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=20 February 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Pilikula Nisargadhama, an integrated theme park, has an 18-hole golf course{{cite news |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Mangalore-to-get-beachside-golf-course/articleshow/34111959.cms |title=Mangalore to get beachside golf course |date=23 April 2014 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=14 December 2019}} at Vamanjoor.{{cite news |last=V P |first=Vathsala |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/lost-pilikula-692583.html |title=Lost in Pilikula |date=15 September 2018 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=5 January 2020}} U S Mallya Indoor Stadium offers sporting facilities for badminton and basketball players.{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/proposed-indoor-stadium-for-badminton-only-jain/article7047433.ece |title=Proposed indoor stadium for badminton only: Jain |date=30 March 2015 |access-date=4 December 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu}}

{{Main|Tourist attractions in Mangalore}}

File:Panambur Beach Mangalore.jpg

File:St Aloysius College Admin block.jpg

Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats.{{cite news |last=Kola |first=Maryam Aftab |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/supplements/travel/a-feeling-of-bliss-at-mangaluru-s-beaches-793549.html |title=A feeling of bliss at Mangaluru's beaches |date=14 January 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=15 February 2020}} The city's temples and buildings include the Mangaladevi Temple, Kadri Manjunath Temple, St Aloysius Chapel, the Rosario Cathedral, Milagres Church, Dargah of Hazrat Shareef ul Madni at Ullal, and the Zeenath Baksh Jumma Masjid in Bunder.{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/051117/sunday-story-the-buddha-towers-in-karnatakas-coast-too.html |title=Sunday story: The Buddha towers in Karnataka's coast too |date=5 November 2017 |access-date=16 November 2017 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle}}{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/etched-in-wood-masjid-is-an-oasis-of-peace/article5939844.ece |title=Etched in wood, Masjid is an oasis of peace |date=23 April 2014 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=16 November 2017}}

The city is known for beaches such as Panambur, Tannirbhavi, NITK beach, Sasihithlu beach, Someshwara beach, Ullal beach, Kotekar beach and Batapady beach.{{cite news |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/virgin-sasihithlu-beach-beckons-tourists/article7882770.ece |title=Virgin Sasihithlu beach beckons tourists |date=16 November 2015 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=3 December 2016}}{{cite news |last=Kumar N K R |first=Ashwani |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/sveep-organises-human-chain-to-promote-voting-727485.html |title=SVEEP organises human chain to promote voting |date=8 April 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=14 July 2019}}{{cite news |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/construction-of-groyens-in-full-swing-at-batapady/article27267746.ece |title=Construction of groyens in full swing at Batapady |date=28 May 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=14 July 2019}} Panambur and Thannirbhavi beaches attract tourists from across the country.{{cite news |last=D'Souza |first=Sandhya C |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/306882/tannirbhavi-beach-gets-look.html |title=Tannirbhavi beach gets a new look |date=22 January 2013 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=3 December 2016}} Panambur beach has facilities including food stalls, jet ski rides, boating and dolphin viewing;{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=99860 |title=Mangalore: Dolphin Sighting Turns Panambur Beach More Adventurous |date=20 April 2011 |access-date=3 December 2016 |newspaper=Daijiworld |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408184916/http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp%3Fn_id%3D99860 |url-status=dead}} trained beach lifeguards and patrol vehicles ensure the safety of visitors.{{cite news |last=Pinto |first=Stanley |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Adventure-sports-hotting-up-along-Mangalore-coast/articleshow/18282534.cms |title=Adventure sports hotting up along Mangalore coast |date=1 February 2013 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=3 December 2016}}{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/you-can-get-sports-gear-on-rent-at-panambur-beach/articleshow/57582553.cms |title=You can get sports gear on rent at Panambur beach |date=11 March 2017 |access-date=14 July 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}}{{cite news |last=Garodi |first=Brijesh |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=142498 |title=Panambur Beach Lifeguards - The Unsung Heroes of Mangalore |date=5 July 2012 |newspaper=Daijiworld |access-date=14 July 2019}}

File:Dome of the Panetarium behind the Pilikula Regional Science Centre in Mangalore - 2.jpg{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/countrys-first-3d-planetarium-inaugurated-at-pilikula/article22899334.ece |title=Country's first 3D planetarium inaugurated at Pilikula in city |date=2 March 2018 |access-date=19 March 2020 |newspaper=The Hindu}}|alt=]]

Saavira Kambada Basadi is situated in Moodabidri, {{cvt|34|km|mi}} north-east of Mangalore.{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=R. Krishna |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/tracking-the-lesser-known-bahubalis-of-karnataka/article21386607.ece |title=Tracking the lesser-known Bahubalis of Karnataka |date=10 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=15 February 2020}} The Sultan Battery watch tower built by Tipu Sultan is situated in Boloor on the banks of Gurupura River;{{cite news |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/metal-barricade-comes-up-around-sulthan-bathery/article30428411.ece |title=Metal barricade comes up around Sulthan Bathery |date=30 December 2019 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=15 February 2020}} visitors can take the ferry across the river to Tannirbhavi Beach.{{cite web |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=552818 |title=Mangaluru: 2-day River Festival inaugurated in grand style |date=12 January 2019 |access-date=15 February 2020 |newspaper=Daijiworld}} Adyar waterfalls is on the city's outskirts about {{cvt|12|km|mi}} from Mangalore city centre.{{cite news |last=Roche |first=Florine |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=264116 |title=Weekend getaway: Plan a day's outing to Adyar waterfalls |date=17 September 2014 |newspaper=Daijiworld |access-date=1 December 2016}}

The city has developed and maintains public parks such as Pilikula Nisargadhama,{{cite web |url=http://www.pilikula.com/index.php?slno=90&pg=1 |title=About Place |access-date=3 July 2008 |publisher=Pilikula Nisargadhama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613164732/http://www.pilikula.com/index.php?slno=90&pg=1 |archive-date=13 June 2008}} Kadri Park, Tagore Park{{cite news |last=Patrao |first=Michael |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/supplements/travel/beam-and-shine-730777.html |title=Beam and shine! |date=27 April 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=16 July 2019}} at Light House Hill, Mahatma Gandhi Park{{cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/state/mangaluru/saree-walk-draws-huge-crowd-in-mangaluru-765053.html |title=Saree walk draws huge crowd in Mangaluru |date=29 September 2019 |access-date=25 December 2019 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}} at Gandhinagar in Mannagudda,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Gandhi-Nagar-park-gets-a-new-lease-of-life-/articleshow/170491.cms |title=Gandhi Nagar park gets a new lease of life |date=7 September 2003 |access-date=26 March 2008 |first1=Stanly |last1=Pinto |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134009/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-09-07/bangalore/27205913_1_corpus-fund-cascade-place |newspaper=The Times of India |archive-date=11 August 2011}} Tannirbavi Tree Park,{{cite news |last=Sastry |first=Anil Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/Tree-Park-on-Tannirbavi-beachfront-set-to-charm-all/article14172959.ece |title=Tree Park on Tannirbavi beachfront set to charm all |date=24 March 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=18 December 2018}} Arise Awake Park at Karangalpady,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/pradhan-to-dedicate-arise-awake-park-to-namma-kudla-today/articleshow/63447199.cms |title=Dharmendra Pradhan to dedicate Arise Awake Park to Namma Kudla today |date=25 March 2018 |access-date=27 August 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India}} and Corporation Bank Park at Nehru Maidan. Pilikula, which occupies {{Convert|370|acres|ha|abbr=out}},{{cite news |last=Chowdhury |first=Arka Roy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/why-mangalore-is-one-of-the-best-offbeat-destinations-in-india/as65245863.cms |title=Why Mangalore is one of the best offbeat destinations in India |date=2 August 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=5 January 2020}} has a zoo, botanical garden, lake, water park (manasa),{{cite news |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=446915 |title=Mangaluru: River Roost Resorts - A perfect weekend getaway for all |newspaper=Daijiworld |date=12 April 2017 |access-date=21 July 2019}} Swami Vivekananda Planetarium,{{cite news |last=Shenoy |first=Jaideep |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/indias-first-3d-planetarium-to-start-regular-shows-from-march-4/articleshow/63138795.cms |title=India's first 3D planetarium to start regular shows from March 4 |date=2 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=21 July 2019}} science centre,{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/At-Pilikula-a-total-tourist-experience/articleshow/51052291.cms |title=At Pilikula, a total tourist experience |date=19 February 2016 |access-date=27 December 2019 |newspaper=The Times of India}} and a {{Convert|50|acres|ha|adj=on}} 18-hole golf course.{{cite news |last=Bela |first=Stany |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=501036 |title=Mangaluru: Pilikula golf course set for major facelift on par with international standards |date=22 March 2018 |newspaper=Daijiworld |access-date=21 July 2019}}{{cite news |last=Sanjiv |first=Deepthi |url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/state/mangaluru-sentosa-like-island-in-pilikula-plan-on/articleshow/58916770.cms |title=Mangaluru: Sentosa-like island in Pilikula – Plan on |date=30 May 2017 |newspaper=Bangalore Mirror |access-date=17 June 2017}}{{cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/85547/reviving-local-traditions.html |title=Reviving local traditions |date=2 August 2010 |access-date=17 June 2017 |newspaper=Deccan Herald}}{{cite news |last=Posavanike |first=Ravi |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/Pilikula-provides-perfect-weekend-getaway/articleshow/51057247.cms |title=Pilikula provides perfect weekend getaway |date=19 February 2016 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=10 December 2016}} Swami Vivekananda Planetarium is the first 3D planetarium in India with an 8K resolution display.

Mangalore Dasara, a ten-day festival held at Sri Gokarnatheswara temple attracts devotees from across India.{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/City-spruced-up-for-Mangaluru-Dasara/article15420943.ece |title=City spruced up for Mangaluru Dasara |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=3 December 2016 |newspaper=The Hindu}} Mangaladevi Temple attracts devotees from all over the country during Navaratri.{{cite news |url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=268231 |title=Mangalore Dasara culminates in grand cultural cavalcade |newspaper=Daijiworld |date=4 October 2014 |access-date=1 December 2016}}

Mangalore is twinned with two Canadian cities:

• {{flagicon|CAN}} Hamilton, Canada, since 1968{{cite web |url=http://www.mundialization.ca/hamiltons-twin-cities/ |title=Hamilton's Twin Cities |access-date=19 January 2015 |publisher=The Hamilton Mundialization Committee |archive-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829041826/http://www.mundialization.ca/hamiltons-twin-cities/ |url-status=dead}}
• {{flagicon|CAN}} Delta, Canada, since 2010{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-mangalore-delta-in-sisterly-embrace-1451843 |title=Mangalore, Delta in sisterly embrace |date=13 October 2010 |access-date=19 January 2015 |last=Raghuram |first=M |newspaper=DNA India}}

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• {{cite book |last=Mangalore City Corporation |title=Integrated Solid Waste Management Operation & Maintenance report |url=http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/forms/SWM%20Details%20for%20Website.doc |format=DOC |access-date=20 June 2008 |ref=18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410145020/http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/forms/SWM%20Details%20for%20Website.doc |archive-date=10 April 2008}}
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• {{cite book |last=Prabhu |first=Alan Machado |year=1999 |title=Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians |publisher=I.J.A. Publications |isbn=978-81-86778-25-8}}.
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{{refend}}

• {{cite book |last=Bhat |first=P. Gururaja |author-link=P. Gururaja Bhat |title=Antiquities of South Kanara |publisher=Prabhakara Press |year=1969}}
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• {{Citation |author=J. Sturrock |year=1894 |title=Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-I) |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3200/page/n1/mode/2up}}
• {{Citation |author=Harold A. Stuart |year=1895 |title=Madras District Manuals - South Canara (Volume-II) |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281736/mode/2up}}
• {{Citation |author=Government of Madras |year=1905 |title=Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177471/page/n1/mode/2up}}
• {{Citation |author=Government of Madras |year=1915 |title=Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II) |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16591/page/n5/mode/2up}}
• {{Citation |author=Government of Madras |year=1953 |title=1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6023/1/7746_1951.pdf}}
• {{Citation |author=J. I. Arputhanathan |year=1955 |title=South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks) |publisher=Madras Government Press |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6447/1/50056_1951_SOU.pdf}}
• {{Citation |title=Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951) |last=Rajabhushanam |first=D. S. |publisher=Director of Statistics, Government of Madras |year=1963 |location=Madras (Chennai) |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6454/1/9111_1951_STA.pdf}}

{{commons category|Mangalore}}

{{Sister project links |b=no |commons=Mangalore |d=no |m=no |mw=no |n=no |q=no |s=no |v=no |voy=Mangalore |wikt=Mangalore}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20190315220959/http://www.dk.nic.in/ DC OFFICE, MANGALORE]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20120423032035/http://www.mangalorecity.gov.in/ Mangalore City Corporation Website]
• [https://www.mangalorecity.com/ Mangalore City Website]

{{Localities in Mangalore}}

{{Communities in Mangalore}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Former Portuguese colonies

Category:Indian Ocean

Category:Populated coastal places in India

Category:Port cities in India

Category:Cities and towns in Dakshina Kannada district

Category:Cities in Karnataka