Rehmannia
{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the broomrape family Orobanchaceae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Rehmannia.JPG
|image_upright = 0.75
|image_caption = Flowers of Rehmannia glutinosa
|taxon = Rehmannia
|authority = Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text.
}}
Rehmannia is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the order Lamiales and family Orobanchaceae, which is native to China and Japan.{{Cite web |title=Rehmannia in Flora of China @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=128084 |website=www.efloras.org |access-date=2020-05-10 }} It has been placed as the only member of the monotypic tribe Rehmannieae,{{Cite journal |last=Rouy |first=G. |year=1909 |title=Conspectus des tribus et des genres de la famille des Scrofulariacées |journal=Rev. Gen. Bot. |volume=21 |pages=194–207 }}{{Cite book |last=Kadereit |first=Joachim W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRH2CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA426 |title=Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) |date=2012-12-06 |page=426 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-18617-2 |language=en }} but molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that it forms a clade with Triaenophora.{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Li |first1=Xi |last2=Feng |first2=Tao |last3=Randle |first3=Chris |last4=Schneeweiss |first4=Gerald M. |date=2019 |title=Phylogenetic Relationships in Orobanchaceae Inferred From Low-Copy Nuclear Genes: Consolidation of Major Clades and Identification of a Novel Position of the Non-photosynthetic Orobanche Clade Sister to All Other Parasitic Orobanchaceae |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=10 |page=902 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2019.00902 |pmid=31379896 |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free |pmc=6646720 }} Contrary to the vast majority of the taxa of Orobanchaceae, Rehmannia is not parasitic.
Systematics
=Etymology=
Rehmannia is named for Joseph Rehmann (1788–1831), a physician who worked in St. Petersburg.Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|9780521866453}} (hardback), {{ISBN|9780521685535}} (paperback). pp 328
==Homonymy==
=Classification=
The genus was included in the family Scrophulariaceae or Gesneriaceae in some older classifications. The current placement of the genus is in neither Scrophulariaceae s.s. nor Plantaginaceae s.l. (to which many other former Scrophulariaceae have been transferred). Earlier molecular studies suggested that its closest relatives were the genera Lancea and Mazus,{{Cite journal |last1=Oxelman |first1=Bengt |last2=Kornhall |first2=Per |last3=Olmstead |first3=Richard G. |last4=Bremer |first4=Birgitta |date=2005 |title=Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae |journal=Taxon |language=en |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=411–425 |doi=10.2307/25065369 |jstor=25065369 |issn=1996-8175}} which have been included in Phrymaceae.{{Cite journal |last1=Beardsley |first1=Paul M. |last2=Olmstead |first2=Richard G. |date=2002 |title=Redefining Phrymaceae: the placement of Mimulus, tribe Mimuleae, and Phryma |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=89 |issue=7 |pages=1093–1102 |doi=10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093 |pmid=21665709 |issn=1537-2197}} Subsequently, it was found that Rehmannia groups with Triaenophora, and both taxa are jointly the sister group to Lindenbergia and the parasitic Orobanchaceae.{{Cite journal |last1=Xia |first1=Zhi |last2=Wang |first2=Yin-Zheng |last3=Smith |first3=James F. |date=2009 |title=Familial placement and relations of Rehmannia and Triaenophora (Scrophulariaceae s.l.) inferred from five gene regions |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=519–530 |doi=10.3732/ajb.0800195 |pmid=21628207 |issn=1537-2197}} A 2016 classification of flowering plants, the APG IV system enlarged Orobanchaceae to include Rehmannia,{{cite journal |last=The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |date=January 2016 |volume=181 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |doi-access=free }} making it one of the few genera in the family, along with Lindenbergia, not to be parasitic.
=Species list=
{{As of|2025|February}}, Plants of the World Online accepted seven species:{{cite web |title=Rehmannia Libosch. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331898-2 |access-date=2025-02-28}}
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Image | Scientific Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| Rehmannia chingii H.L.Li | China | |
| Rehmannia chrysantha M.H.Li & C.H.Zhang | Inner Mongolia | |
| 120px | Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. | China |
| Rehmannia henryi N.E.Br. | China (Hubei) | |
| Rehmannia japonica (Thunb.) Makino | Japan (C. Honshu) | |
| 120px | Rehmannia piasezkii Maxim. | China (Hubei, Shanxi) |
| Rehmannia solanifolia P.C.Tsoong & T.L.Chin | China (Sichuan) |
Uses
Sometimes known as Chinese foxglove due to its superficial resemblance to the genus Digitalis, the species of Rehmannia are perennial herbs. The plants have large flowers and are grown as ornamental garden plants in Europe and North America, and are used medicinally in Asia.
=Traditional Chinese medicine=
Known as dìhuáng (地黄) or gān dìhuáng (干地黄) in Chinese, R. glutinosa is used as a medicinal herb for many conditions within Chinese traditional formulations.{{cite journal|author=Jim English|year=2010|title=Traditional Chinese Herbs for Arthritis|journal=Nutrition Review|volume=5|issue=2|url=http://www.nutritionreview.org/library/arthritissupport.php|accessdate=2011-12-29|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111210175401/http://www.nutritionreview.org/library/arthritissupport.php|archivedate=2011-12-10}}
It is the main ingredient in a mixture called si wu tang (four substance decoction) along with Dang gui, Chinese peony (bai shao yao), and Ligusticum striatum (chuan xiong) that is considered a fundamental medicine to support making blood.{{cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Chongyun |last2=Tseng |first2=Angela |last3=Yang |first3=Sue |title=Chinese Herbal Medicine: Modern Applications of Traditional Formulas |date=2004 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9780203493892 |pages=174–175 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfipWsQCXeoC&pg=PA174 |language=en}}
When two ingredients, peach (tao ren) and safflower (hong hua), are added, it is called tao hong si wu tang (four substance decoction with peach pit and safflower), which is used in traditional chinese medicine for fatigue.
Chemical constituents
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3313262}}
Category:Medicinal plants of Asia