Reichenau Glossary

! Term found in Vulgate

!Meaning

!Descendants

| rowspan="283" |

! Gloss(es) !! Origin !! Descendants{{efn|Clearly borrowed words are not counted as descendants. This excludes, for instance, the Italian words {{lang|it|formaggio}} 'cheese' and {{lang|it|pallio}} 'cloak', which were taken from Old French and Latin respectively.

List of abbreviations:

PR. — Proto-Romance
Pic. — Picard
Wal. — Walloon
Fr. — French (central)
Lim. — Limousin
Prv. — Provençal
Gsc. — Gascon
OOcc. — Old Occitan
Occ. — Occitan (central)
OCat. — Old Catalan
Cat. — Catalan (central)
Rib. — Ribagorçan
Ara. — Aragonese (northern)
OSp. — Old Spanish
Sp. — Spanish (central)
Ast. — Asturian
Glc. — Galician
OPt. — Old Portuguese
Pt. — Portuguese (central)
Lig. — Ligurian
Pie. — Piedmontese
Lmb. — Lombard (Milanese)
Rms. — Romansh
Lad. — Ladin
Vnz. — Venetian
Frl. — Friulan
Vgl. — Vegliote
Tsc. — Tuscan
OIt. — Old Italian
It. — Italian
Nap. — Neapolitan
Sic. — Sicilian
Srd. — Sardinian (Nuorese)
Ro. — Romanian
ARo. — Aromanian
IRo. — Istro-Romanian|name=|group=lower-roman}}

|hidden.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|{{lang|la|absconso}}

|Attested variant of CL {{lang|la|abscondito}} 'hidden', a cognate of {{lang|la|abdito}}.{{efn|With the additional prefix {{lang|la|con-}}. Note that {{lang|la|abs-}} is simply a variant of {{lang|la|ab-}}.|name=|group=lower-roman}}

|PR. {{IPA|*/asˈkoⁿsu/}}
OFr. {{lang|fro|escons}}
OOcc. {{lang|pro|escos}}
Cat. {{lang|ca|escòs}}
OSp. {{lang|osp|escuso}}
OPt. {{lang|roa-039|escuso}}
Vnz. {{lang|vec|sconto}}{{efn|Conceivably a direct descendant of the original CL participle {{lang|la|absconditus}}.|name=|group=lower-roman}}
It. {{lang|it|ascoso}}
Ro. {{lang|ro|ascuns}}

|go_away.{{gcl|1SG}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |woodworkers

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |carpentarii

| rowspan="2" |CL for 'wagon makers'.

|PR. */karpenˈtarʲi/^nom
OFr. charpentier

|wormwood.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */apˈsɪntʲo/
OFr. assenz
OOcc. aussen
Sp. axenxo
Vgl. ascianz
OIt. assenzo

|aloxino

|Greek ἀλόη όξίνηςAdams 2008: 333 'bitter aloe'.

|PR. */aˈlɔksɪna/
Fr. aluine
OSp. alosna
Pt. alosna

|youth

|—

|iuuentus

|CL synonym.

|PR. */jʊˈβɛntu/
OFr. jovent
Occ. jovent
Cat. jovent

|stinger

|—

|aculeonis

|Derivative based on CL aculeus + -o, -onis, originally a noun-forming suffix but serving here merely as an extender. Note the Gallo-Romance analogical nominative in place of the expected *aculeo.

|PR. */akuˈlʲone/
Fr. aiguillon
Occ. agulhon
Sp. aguijón
Glc. aguillón

| rowspan="2" |bronze

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |field

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈaɡru/
Occ. agre
Pie. aire
It. agro
Ro. agru
'field, land'

| rowspan="2" |campus

|nod.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|—

|cinnant

|Verb based on LL cinnus 'wink', a word of obscure origin.

|PR. */ˈkɪnnant/
OFr. cenent
OOcc. cenan
Pt. acenam^+pref
It. accennano^+pref

|worry.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|IMPF}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|OIt. ansia
Sp. ansia
Pt. ansia
'eagerly await'

|angustiaretur

|LL verb based on CL angustia 'tribulations, difficulties'.

|PR. */anˈɡʊstʲat/
Fr. angoisse
Occ. angoissa
Cat. angoixa
It. angoscia

| rowspan="2" |boar

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈapru/
Srd. porcapru{{efn|Compounded with /ˈpɔɾku/ 'pig'.|name=|group=lower-roman}}

| PR. */ˈpɔrkʊs salˈβatɪkʊs/^nom
OFr. pors salvadges

|orchards

|—

|arbricellus

|Rendering of *arboriscellus, a postclassical compound based on CL arbor, arboris 'tree' + -cellus, a conflation of CL -culus and -ellus, both diminutive-forming suffixes.

|PR. */arborɪsˈkɛllu/
Fr. arbrisseau
Occ. arbrissèl
'shrubbery'
It. arboscello
'sapling'

|threshing-floor

|PR. */ˈarʲa/
Fr. aire
Occ. ièra
Cat. era
Sp. era
Pt. eira
It. aia
Ro. arie

|danea

|Frankish *dannja.

|Wal. dègneMarchot 1901: 75

|sand

|PR. */aˈrena/
OFr. areine

Occ. arena
Cat. arena
Sp. arena
Pt. areia
It. rena
Nap. rena
Srd. rena
ORo. arină
ARo. arinã

|sabulo

|bracelet

|PR. */arˈmɪlla/
Sp. armella

|baucus

|Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *baugaz.

|OFr. bou

|black.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |axle

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈakse/
Fr. ais

'plank'

Occ. ais
Cat. eix
Sp. eje
Ast. eis
Pt. eixo
It. asse
'beam, axle'

| rowspan="2" |ascialis

| rowspan="2" |An attempt to render *axialis, a postclassical compound based on CL axis 'axle' + -alis, originally an adjective-forming suffix.

|kindness.{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|bonitate

|Often had this sense in CL.

|PR. */bonɪˈtate/
Fr. bonté
Occ. bontat
Cat. bontat
Sp. bondad
Pt. bondade
OIt. bontade
It. bontà
Ro. bunătate

|in_pairs.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PL}}.{{gcl|ADJ}}

|—

|reed-pen

|PR. */ˈkalamu/
Fr. chaume
'stubble, thatch'

Fr. calame 'reed-pen'

|penna

|CL for 'feather', reflecting a change in the usual writing implement by late antiquity.

|PR. */ˈpɪnna/
OFr. pene
Pt. pena
It. penna
Sic. pinna
Ro. peană

|devious.{{gcl|COMP}}

|—

|slander.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */kaˈlʊmnʲa/
OFr. chalonge
OOcc. calonja
OSp. caloña
OPt. coima

|contentio

|heel

|PR. */'kalke/
OPt. couce
Glc. couce
Pt. coice
OSp. coçe
Sp. coz
'kick'

|calcaneum

|Compound based on calx + -aneus, originally an adjective-forming suffix but now serving merely as an extender.

|PR. */kalˈkanʲu/
OFr. calcain
Gsc. caucanh
Cat. calcani
OSp. calanno
Rms. chalchagn
It. calcagno
Srd. carcanzu
ARo. cãlcãnju
Ro. călcâi

|furnace.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */kaˈminu/
Rms. chamin
Vgl. camain
It. camino

|clibanum

|A late borrowing of Greek κλίβανος. Did not survive in Romance.

|—

|basket.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |cheese.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */ˈkasʲu/
Sp. queso
Pt. queijo
Vgl. chis
Tsc. cascio
Nap. caso
Srd. casu
Ro. caș

|barracks.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */ˈkastru/
Sp. castro
Pt. castro

|heribergo

|Frankish *heriberga.

|OFr. herberge
Occ. albèrgo

|stonecutters

| rowspan="2" |Fr. cimentiers

|stonecutters.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|macionibus

|chambers

|—

|beaten.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|—

|flagellatis

|CL for 'whipped'.

|PR. */flaɡelˈlatos/
OFr. flaelez

Fr. flaggelés

| rowspan="2" |food

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |cibus uiuendi

| rowspan="2" |A phrase reminiscent of Proto-Romance *uiuanda 'food', an alteration of CL uiuenda 'that which is necessary for life'.TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/viande viande]"

|PR. */βiˈβanda/
Fr. viande
'meat'
Occ. vianda
It. vivanda
'food'

|oven

|—

|furnus

|The more usual CL word.

|PR. */ˈfʊrnu/^acc
Fr. four
Occ. forn
Cat. forn
Ara. furno
Sp. horno
Pt. fornu
Rms. furn
It. forno
Nap. fuorno
Srd. furru
ARo. furnu

|hill.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |scarlet

| rowspan="2" |—

|pastry.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|turtam

|Already attested in the first-century Vindolanda tablets.Adams 2007: 611 Presumably from torta 'twisted', in reference to the shape of the pastry.

|PR. */ˈtʊrta/
Fr. tourte
Occ. torta
Sp. torta
Rms. turta
Vgl. turta
It. torta
Srd. turta
Ro. turtă

|exchange.{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|urge.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|anetset

|Frankish *anhattian.Rossi 2004: 144

|OFr. anecet
OIt. anizza
OPt. anaça

|cut.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |belittlement.{{gcl|ACC}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |quail.{{gcl|PL}}

|PR. */kotʊrˈnikes/
Sp. codornizes
Pt. codornizes
OIt. cotornici

|hornets

|PR. */karaˈbrones/
Pt. cambrãos
It. calabroni

|uuapces

|Frankish *wapsa.

|Fr. guêpes

| rowspan="2" |sieve.{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |criuolo

| rowspan="2" |The same word after liquid dissimilation.A prominent phenomenon in spoken Latin, as pointed out by Grandgent (1907: §292). Cf. the form criblare. The extra {{angbr|o}} appears to be a hypercorrection.

|PR. */ˈkriβru/
Fr. crible
Ara. griba^fem
Sp. cribo
Pt. crivo
Pie. cribi
Lmb. cribi
Srd. chilibru
Ro. ciur

|shins

|—

| rowspan="2" |peak

|PR. */ˈkʊlmen/
It. colmo
Pt. cume
Ro. culme

| rowspan="2" |spicus

| rowspan="2" |Attested Classical variant of spica 'point' or 'ear of grain'.

|PR. */sˈpiku/^acc
Fr. épi
Occ. espic
Frl. spi
Ro. spic

|PR. */sˈpika/^fem
Occ. espiga
Cat. espiga
Sp. espiga
Pt. espiga
Vgl. spaica
It. spiga
Srd. ispica

|all.{{gcl|PL}}

|—

|give.{{gcl|IMP}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|PR. */ˈda/
Gsc. da
Ara. da
Sp. da
Pt. dá
Rms. {{lang|rm|dai}}
Vgl. du
It. dà
Srd. da
Ro. dă

|dona

|lay_bare.{{gcl|INF}}

|PR. */dɪsnuˈdare/
Fr. dénuer

'deprive'
Sp. desnudar
Pt. desnudar
'undress'

|discooperire

|revile.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|love.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

|—

|amata

|CL synonym in this context.

|PR. */aˈmata/
OFr. amede
Fr. aimée{{efn|Towards the thirteen century, the initial vowel of this verb could be either [a] or [ɛ] depending on stress. Consider the following examples:
Pr. /ˈamat/ 'he loves' > OFr. /ˈai̯məθ/ > /ˈɛmə/
Pr. /aˈmata/ 'beloved' > OFr. /aˈme:ðə/ > /aˈmeə/
Subsequently /ɛ/ spread to all conjugations, resulting in modern French /ɛme/ 'beloved' instead of */ame/ (Akire & Rosen 2010: 115).|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Occ. aimada
Cat. amada
Ara. amata
Sp. amada
Pt. amada
Vnz. amà
It. amata
Srd. amada

|lead.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

|PR. */ˈdʊkta/
OFr. duite
OOcc. ducha
Cat. duita
OSp. ducha
OIt. dotta
Ro. dusă

|buy.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |sword

| rowspan="2" |—

|food.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|PR. */ˈɛskas/
Fr. esches
Occ. escas
Cat. esques
Sp. yescas
Pt. escas
'bait'
It. esche
'bait, tinder'
Ro. iești
'tinder'

|cibos

|CL synonym.

|PR. */ˈkɪβos/
Sp. cebos
Pt. cevos
'bait'

|irritate.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

|exasperauerunt

|CL synonym. The unprefixed version apparently survived in Proto-Romance as asprire, with a change in conjugation.

|PR. */asˈprirʊnt/^-pref
OFr. asprirent
OIt. asprirono

|drain.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|scauare

|CL excauare 'hollow out, empty', from ex- + cauare, a verb based on cauus 'hollow, empty'.

|PR. */skaˈβare/
OFr. eschaver
Occ. escavar
Sp. escavar
Pt. escavar
Rms. stgavar
It. scavare

|uproot.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|FUT}}

|—

|strip_away.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

|expoliauerunt

|CL synonym.

|PR. */spoˈlʲarʊnt/
OFr. espoillierent
It. spogliarono
OSp. espojaron{{efn|Modern despojaron via substitution of the prefix.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Glc. esbollaron

| rowspan="3" |arrow-case

| rowspan="3" |—

| rowspan="2" |teca sagittarum

| rowspan="2" |Periphrase, lit. 'container for arrows'. Theca was a Classical borrowing of Greek θήκη 'container', while sagitta was the native Latin term for 'arrow'.

|PR. */ˈteka/
Fr. taie
'pillowcase'
It. tega
'pod'
Ro. teacă
'case, sheath'

|Frankish loan, cf. German Köcher.

|OFr. cuivre

|tired

|—

| rowspan="3" |thigh

| rowspan="3" |—

| rowspan="2" |savage

|PR. */ˈfɛrʊs/^nom
OFr. fiers
'proud'

'proud'
Cat. fer

'ugly'
It. fiero
'proud'
Sp. fiero
'wild'

|PR. */ˈduru/^acc
Fr. dur
Occ. dur
Cat. dur
Sp. duro
Pt. duro
Lmb. dur
Rms. dir
Vgl. doir
It. duro

|boil.{{gcl|3SG}}

|PR. */ˈfɛrβet/
Sp. hierve
Pt. ferve
Ro. fierbe
'id.'
It. ferve
'has a fever'

|dregs

|—

|lias

|Gaulish *ligas.

|Fr. lies

|blow.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|flask.{{gcl|ACC}}

|OFr. flascon
Fr. flacon
Occ. flascon
Cat. flascó
Sp. frasco
Pt. frasco
It. fiasco

|buticulam

|Diminutive of butis~buttis 'cask', a late borrowing of Greek βοῦττις.

|PR. */bʊtˈtɪkla/
Fr. bouteille
Occ. botelha

|weep.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PASS}}

|—

|planctur{{efn|Read: plangitur.|name=|group=lower-greek}}

|CL for 'there is mourning'.

|PR. */ˈplanɡere/^inf
Fr. plaindre
Occ. planher
Cat. plànyer
OSp. llanner
OPt. changer
Vnz. piànzar
Vgl. plungro
It. piangere
Nap. chiagne
Sic. chiànciri
Srd. prangere
Ro. plângere

|marketplace

|PR. */ˈfɔru/
OFr. fuer
Fr. fur
'extent'
Sp. fuero
'law'
Ro. for
'plaza'

|type of sword

|—

|gladius bisacutus

|Lit. 'double-edged sword'. Bisacutus is a compound based on CL bis 'twice' + acutus 'sharpened'. For descendants of gladius 'sword', see entry for ensis.

|PR. */bɪsaˈkuta/
Fr. besaiguë
'carpenter's tool
with two sides'
It. bisacuta
'double-edged'

| rowspan="2" |steal.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈfurent/
It. furino
Ro. fure

| rowspan="2" |involent

| rowspan="2" |CL for 'sweep down, carry off'.

|PR. */ˈɪmβolent/
OFr. emblent
OOcc. emblenLevy 1923: 137
OCat. emblen

|brown

|—

|melt.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PCP}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|—

|helmet

|—

|give_birth.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

|thanks

|—

| rowspan="2" |reins.{{gcl|ACC}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |retinacula iumentorum

| rowspan="2" |Periphrase, lit. 'reins for pack animals'. CL retinacula 'reins' is reminiscent of Proto-Romance *retina 'id.', a deverbal of retinere 'hold back'.

|PR. */ˈrɛtɪnas/
OFr. rednes~resnes
Fr. rênes
Occ. retnas
Cat. regnes
Sp. riendas
Pt. rédeas
It. redine{{efn|In Modern Italian redine has been reinterpreted as a singular noun (albeit still feminine) with a new analogical plural redini (Treccani: "[https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/redine redine]").|name=|group=upper-roman}}

| rowspan="2" |reed.{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |ros

| rowspan="2" |Frankish *rausa.

|OFr. ros
Occ. raus

|weaken.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

|—

|bulcatum

|Past participle of *bullicare, a compound based on CL bullire 'boil' + -icare, a verb-forming suffix.

|PR. */bʊllɪˈkatu/
OFr. bolgiet
Fr. bougé
Occ. bolegat
Cat. bellugat
Ara. esbolligato^+pref
'stirred, agitated'
It. bulicato
'boiled'

|hyacinth.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|PL}}.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|ADJ}}

|PR. */jaˈkintu/
Fr. jacinthe^fem
Occ. jacint
Cat. jacint

|persas

|Ultimately from Persia, perhaps because garments imported from there had this color.

|Fr. perse
'blue-green'

| rowspan="2" |winter

| rowspan="2" |—

|granaries.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */ˈorrʲu/
Cat. orri
Ast. orru
Srd. orriu

|spicariis

|throw.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|iactare

|CL frequentative of iacere.

|PR. */jekˈtare/
Fr. jeter
Occ. getar
Cat. gitar
Ara. chitar
Sp. echar
It. gettare
Nap. jettà
Srd. ghettare
ORo. (a)iepta

| rowspan="2" |strike

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈɪktu/^acc
Pt. eito
'row'

| rowspan="2" |colpus

| rowspan="2" |CL borrowing of Greek κόλαφος.

|PR. */ˈkɔlpʊs/^nom
OFr. cols

|it.{{gcl|NEUT}}

|—

|hoc

|CL for 'this'.

|PR. */ˈɔk/
OFr. uec
Occ. o
Cat. ho
'this'
Occ. òc
OCat. oc
'yes'

| rowspan="4" |liver.{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="4" |PR. */jeˈkʷarʲa/{{efn|A compound based on iecor + -aria, originally an adjective-forming suffix but here serving merely as an extender.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Pt. iguaria{{efn|With an early change in suffix from -ia to -ía (Malkiel 1944: 108).|name=|group=lower-roman}}
'delicacies'

| rowspan="4" |ficato

| rowspan="4" |CL ficatum 'foie gras', lit. 'fig-fattened liver', calqued from Greek συκωτόν.

|PR. */ˈfɪkatu/
Fr. foie
Ast. fegadu
It. fegato

| rowspan="2" |dress.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |uestitus

| rowspan="2" |CL synonym.

|PR. */βesˈtitu/^acc
OFr. vestit
Occ. vestit
Cat. vestit
Ara. vestito
Sp. vestido
Pt. vestido
Vgl. vestiat
It. vestito
Srd. bestiu

| rowspan="2" |bandages.{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="2" |—

|fasciolis

|CL synonym.

|PR. */fasˈkʲɔlas/
OIt. fasciuole
Ro. fâșioare

|Frankish *nastila.

|OFr. nasles
Wal. nâles
It. nastri^masc

|offend.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|IMPF}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|—

|inganaret

|Based on CL gannire 'snarl' with a prefix and a change in conjugation.

|PR. */ɪnɡanˈnare/
OFr. enjaner
Occ. enganar
Cat. enganyar
Sp. engañar
It. ingannare
Ro. îngânare

|go.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PLUP}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|PR. */ˈisset/
Ara. isse
Lad. jissa
OIt. gisse
Nap. jesse
Ro. ise

|ambulasset

|yes

|—

|acre

|—

|iornalis

|Rendering of *diurnalis, a postclassical compound based on CL diurnus 'daily' + -alis, an adjective-forming suffix. In France this term developed the sense of 'land that can be worked by oxen in a day'.

|PR. */jʊrˈnale/
OFr. jornal
'journal,
measure of land'
Fr. journal{{efn|Still refers to a measure of land in some dialects (TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/journal journal]").|name=|group=lower-roman}}
Occ. jornal
It. giornale
'journal'

|kill.{{gcl|IMP}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|PR. */jʊˈɡlatɪs/
Ro. junghiați

|occidite

|CL synonym

|See necetur.

| rowspan="2" |law

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈjure/
OSp. jur
OPt. jur
It. giure

|legem

|tub

|—

|conca{{efn|Read: concha.|name=|group=}}

|Could designate a sort of vessel in CL, but the main sense was 'shell'. Borrowed from Greek κόγχη.

|PR. */ˈkɔnka/
Fr. conche
Occ. conca
Cat. conca
Sp. cuenca
It. conca
'basin, watershed'
Srd. conca
'head'

|wail.{{gcl|1SG}}

|—

|bricks.{{gcl|GEN}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|—

|teularum{{efn|Read: tegularum.|name=|group=}}

|CL for 'roof-tiles'.

|PR. */ˈteɡʊlas/
OFr. tiules~teilles
Fr. tuiles
Occ. teulas
Cat. teules
Sp. tejas
Ast. teya
Pt. telhas
Vgl. tacle
It. tegole
Srd. téulas
'tiles'
Tsc. tegghie
It. teglie
'baking-trays'

|boiler

|—

|left.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|SG}}.{{gcl|ADJ}}

|—

|children.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|shore

|PR. */ˈlitu/
It. lido

|ripa

|play.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|IMPF}}

|—

|mud.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */ˈlʊtu/
It. loto
Sp. lodo
Pt. lodo
Ro. lut
Srd. lutu

|fecis{{efn|Read: faecis.|name=|group=}}

|CL for 'dregs, sediment'.

|PR. */ˈfɛkes/
It. feci
Sp. heces
Pt. fezes

|pomegranates

|—

|mast

|—

| rowspan="2" |bundles.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */maˈnʊkli/^nom
OFr. manoil
OIt. manocchi
Ro. mănuchi

| rowspan="2" |garbas

| rowspan="2" |male animals

| rowspan="2" |—

|diver_bird.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|coruum marinum

|Lit. 'sea-crow'.

|PR. */ˈkɔrβu maˈrinu/
Fr. cormoran
Occ. corb marin
Cat. corb marí
Sp. cuervo marino
Pt. corvo marinho

|soldiers

|—

|threats.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|manaces

|Feminine noun based on CL minacia 'menacing'.

|PR. */mɪˈnakʲas/
Fr. menaces
Gsc. miaças
Occ. menaças
OSp. menaças
OPt. mẽaças
It. minacce

|borrow.{{gcl|1SG}}.{{gcl|PLUP}}

|—

|lend.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|prestare{{efn|Read: praestare.|name=|group=}}

|CL for 'provide, furnish'.

|PR. */presˈtare/
Fr. prêter
Occ. prestar
Cat. prestar
Sp. prestar
Pt. prestar
It. prestare

|kill.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|PR. */neˈkare/
OFr. neier
Fr. noyer
Occ. negar
Sp. anegar^+pref
It. annegare^+pref
Ro. (î)necare
ARo. necare

|occidetur

|nobody.{{gcl|DAT}}

|PR. */ˈnemɪni/
Ro. nimeni

|weave.{{gcl|3PL}}

|—

|filant

|Verb based on CL filum 'thread'.

|PR. */ˈfilant/
Fr. filent
Gsc. hilan
Occ. filan
Cat. filen
It. filano
Sp. hilan
Pt. filam

| rowspan="2" |several

| rowspan="2" |—

|not spare.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

|non sparniauit

|Frankish *sparanjan.

|OFr. nen esparnat
It. non sparagnò

|razor

|PR. */noˈβakla/
Cat. navalla
Sp. navaja
Ast. navaja
Pt. navalha

|stepmother

|PR. */noˈβɛrka/
ARo. {{lang|rup|nuearcã}}

|know.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|wobble.{{gcl|INF}}

|—

|cancellare

|CL for 'criss-cross'. The Romance sense developed from the notion of crossing one's legs while walking.

|PR. */kankelˈlare/
Fr. chanceler

|greaves.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|drive_away.{{gcl|2SG}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|—

|abattas

| rowspan="2" |wild donkey

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |burden.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="3" |towns.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="3" |—

| rowspan="3" |shepherd

| rowspan="3" |—

|be_fitting.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|best.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|—

|best.{{gcl|ACC}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|—

|mouth

|—

|show.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PRT}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |sheep.{{gcl|PL}}

|PR. */ˈɔβes/
Ro. oi

| rowspan="2" |berbices

|PR. */berˈbekes/
Srd. berbeches
Ro. berbeci

| rowspan="2" |Christ's thorn

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |cardonis

| rowspan="2" |A compound based on CL cardus 'thistle' + -o, -onis, originally a noun-forming suffix but serving here merely as an extender. Note the Gallo-Romance analogical nominative in place of the expected *cardo

|PR. */karˈdone/^acc
Fr. chardon
Occ. cardon
It. cardone
Sic. carduni

|cloak

|—

|drappum

|Frankish *drāpi.

|Fr. drap
Occ. drap
Cat. drap
Sp. trapo
Pt. trapo
Vgl. drap
It. drappo
Srd. drappu

| rowspan="2" |tent.{{gcl|GEN}}.{{gcl|SG}}

| rowspan="2" |PR. */papɪˈlʲone/
OFr. paveilun
'butterfly, pavilion'
Fr. pavillon
Occ. pabalhon
Ct. pavelló
Sp. pabellón
It. padiglione
'pavilion'
Fr. papillon{{efn|The substitution of /p/ for intervocalic /v/ may be a phonoaesthetic change inspired by onomatopoeia for the flapping of a butterfly's wings (TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/papillon papillon]").|name=|group=lower-roman}}
Occ. parpalhon
Cat. papallona
OIt. parpaglione
'butterfly'

| rowspan="2" |trauis

| rowspan="2" |Gallo-Romance analogical nominative in place of CL trabs 'beam' or 'structure built around a beam' (obl. stem trab-).

|OFr. tres^nom

|blister

|—

|uisica{{efn|Read: uesica.|name=|group=}}

|Could have this meaning in CL as well, but its main sense was 'bladder'.

|PR. */βekˈsika/
Fr. vessie
Occ. vessiga
Cat. veixiga
Sp. vejiga
Ast. vexiga
Pt. bexiga
It. vescica
Srd. bussica
Ro. bășică
'blister, bladder'

|alike.{{gcl|NEUT}}.{{gcl|PL}}.{{gcl|ADJ}}

|PR. */ˈparʲa/
Fr. paire
Pie. paira
It. paia
'pair(s)'

|similia

|CL synonym in this context.

|PR. */ˈsɪmɪles/
OFr. sembles
OOcc. sembles

|bag

|—

|sportellam

|CL for 'little basket'.

|PR. */sporˈtɛlla/
OOcc. esportèlaLevy 1923: 173
Sp. esportilla
OIt. sportella
Srd. isportedda

|bear.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|perportat

|The context is Ioannes testimonium perhibet (John 1:15), 'John bears witness'.

|Fr. il porte témoignage
It. porta testimonianza

| rowspan="2" |foot

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="4" |pledge

|PR. */ˈpɪɡnʊs/
OSp. pennos
Sp. peño

| rowspan="4" |uuadius

| rowspan="4" |Frankish *waddi.

| rowspan="4" |Fr. gage
Occ. gatge
'will, testament'

| rowspan="2" |fat.{{gcl|PL}}.{{gcl|ADJ}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="3" |carts

| rowspan="3" |—

|barley

|PR. */poˈlɛnta/
Vgl. polianta
It. polenta
Srd. pulenta

|farina

|CL for 'flour'.

|PR. */faˈrina/
Fr. farine
Gsc. haria
Occ. farina
Cat. farina
Sp. harina
Pt. farinha
Pie. farin-a
Rms. farina
Vgl. faraina
It. farina
Srd. farina
Ro. făină

|pupil.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|nigrum in oculo

|Periphrase, lit. 'the black (part) in an eye'.

|Fr. le noir de l'œil

|put.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|SBJV}}

|PR. */ˈponere/
Fr. pondre
Gsc. póner
Occ. pondre
Cat. pondre
Rib. ponre
'lay an egg'
Sp. poner
OPt. põer
Pt. pôr
It. porre
Srd. ponnere
Ro. punere
'put, place'

|mittatur

|CL mittere 'send' came to mean 'put' in LL.

|PR. */ˈmɪttere/
Fr. mettre
Gsc. méter
Occ. metre
Cat. metre
Rib. metre
Sp. meter
Pt. meter
It. mettere
Srd. mintere

|burdened

|—

|grauiatus

|Past participle of *grauiare, postclassical verb based on CL grauis 'heavy, burdened'.

|PR. */ɡraˈβʲatʊs/
OFr. gregiez

| rowspan="3" |hock.{{gcl|ABL}}

| rowspan="3" |—

| rowspan="3" |iuncture ianiculorum{{efn|Read: iuncturae geniculorum.|name=|group=}}

| rowspan="3" |Periphrase, lit. 'junctions of the knees'.

|PR. */junkˈturas/
Fr. jointures
Occ. jonchuras
Cat. juntures
Sp. junturas
Pt. junturas
It. giunture

|frost

|PR. */pruˈina/
Fr. bruine
'drizzle'
OOcc. bruina
'frost'
Vnz. puìna
'ricotta cheese'
It. brina
'frost'

|gelata

|Compound based on CL gel- (obl. stem of gelus 'frost') + -ata, a Romance noun-forming suffix.

|PR. */ɡeˈlata/
OFr. gelede
Fr. gelée
Occ. gelada
Cat. gelada
Sp. helada
Pt. geada
Pie. gelada
It. gelata
Srd. ghelada

|dagger.{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|beautiful.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |small.{{gcl|ACC}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |paruum

| rowspan="2" |CL synonym.

|PR. */ˈparβu/
OFr. parf
'small'
Pt. parvo
'small, dumb'

|blister

|—

|malis clauis{{efn|Read: malus clauus.|name=|group=}}

|Clauus had this sense in CL as well, although its main meaning was 'nail'.

|PR. */ˈklaβu/
Fr. clou
'nail, pustule'
OOcc. clau{{efn|1=Was a homophone for 'key' (=Lat. clavem) in Old Occitan (Levy 1923: 78), a problem that was eventually solved by substituting the diminutive [klaβɛ́l] as the term for 'nail'.|name=|group=lower-roman}}
Cat. clau
Rib. cllau
Ara. clau
Sp. clavo
Pt. cravu
Pie. ciòv
OIt. chiavo{{efn|Modern chiodo appears to have been influenced by words like chiudere 'shut'.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Srd. cravu
'nail'

|rule.{{gcl|3SG}}

|PR. */ˈrɛɡɪt/
It. regge
Srd. reghet

|gubernat

|CL synonym borrowed from Greek κῠβερνᾰ́ειν.

|PR. */ɡʊˈβɛrnat/
OFr. governet
Fr. gouverne
Occ. governa
Cat. governa
Sp. gobierna
Pt. governa
It. governa
Srd. cuberrat

|remeasure.{{gcl|3SG}}.{{gcl|FUT}}

|PR. */meˈtire/

Sp. medir
Pt. medir
Srd. metire

|remensurabit

|Verb based on CL mensura 'measure'.

|PR. */mesuˈrare/
Fr. mesurer
Occ. mesurar
Cat. mesurar
Sp. mesurar
Pt. mesurar
Rms. mesirar
It. misurare
Ro. măsurare

|suddenly

|—

|subito

|CL synonym.

|PR. */ˈsʊβɪto/
OFr. sode{{efn|Feminine form of the adjective, found spelled as sode. The masculine form *sot is unattested.|name=|group=upper-roman}}

Occ. sopte
Cat. sopte{{efn|Today found only in the expression de sobte.|name=|group=upper-roman}}

|find.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|PRET}}

|—

|inuenerunt

|CL synonym.

|OFr. *envindrent{{efn|There is a single attestation of the participle envengud in Old French. The word is otherwise nowhere to be found.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
OSrd. *imbennerun

| rowspan="2" |thing

|PR. */ˈres/^nom
Gsc. arrés
Occ. res
Cat. res
'nothing'
Sp. res
Srd. rese
'head of cattle'

|look_back.{{gcl|3PL}}

|PR. */resˈpɛktant/
Pt. respeitam
It. rispettano

|reuuardant

|stay.{{gcl|3PL}}

|—

|remanent

|CL synonym.

|PR. */reˈmanent/
OFr. remainent
Cat. romanen
It. rimangano
OSp. remane
Ro. rămân

|guilty

|PR. */ˈrɛu/
Vgl. ri
It. rio
Ro. rău
'bad, evil'

|fear.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|uerecundatur

|CL for 'feel shame'.

|PR. */βerˈɡʊndat/
OFr. vergondet

| rowspan="2" |beak

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈrostru/
Sp. rostro
Pt. rosto
'face'
Ro. rost
'mouth'

| rowspan="2" |beccus

|reddish.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|wrinkle

|PR. */ˈruɡa/
It. ruga
'wrinkle'
ARo. arugã
'sheep-gate'

|rock.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */ˈrupe/
It. rupe
'cliff'

|petram

|CL borrowing of Greek πέτρα.

|PR. */ˈpɛtra/
OFr. piedre
Fr. pierre
Occ. pèira
Cat. pedra
Sp. piedra
Pt. pedra
Vgl. pitra
It. pietra
Ro. piatră

|cloak

|PR. */ˈsaja/
Fr. saie
OSp. saya
Pt. saia
'skirt'

|cortina

|LL for 'curtain', from an earlier CL term for a type of cauldron. The sense evolution is unclear.

|PR. */korˈtina/
Fr. courtine
Occ. cortina
Cat. cortina
Sp. cortina
OPt. cortinha
It. cortina

| rowspan="2" |packsaddle

| rowspan="2" |—

|soma

|The same word after a number of sound changes.

|PR. */ˈsau̯ma/
Fr. somme
'packsaddle'
Occ. sauma
'female donkey'
Cat. salma
'ton'
It. soma{{efn|There is a single attestation of the participle envengud in Old French. The word is otherwise nowhere to be found.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
'load, burden'
It. salma
'corpse'

|CL synonym

|PR. */ˈsɛlla/
Fr. selle
Occ. sèla
Cat. sella
OSp. siella
Sp. silla
Pt. sela
Vgl. siala
It. sella
Sic. seḍḍa
Srd. sedda
Ro. șa
'saddle'

|healthy.{{gcl|COMP}}.{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|plus sano

|Periphrase, lit. 'more healthy'. Synthetic comparative characteristic of Romance.

|PR. */plus ˈsanu/
Fr. plus sain
Occ. pus san
OCat. pus san
OPt. chus são
Lig. chu san
Pie. pi san
It. più sano
Srd. prus sanu

|package

|PR. */ˈsarkɪna/
Ro. sarcină
ARo. sartsinã

|pan

|PR. */sarˈtaɡɪne/
Occ. sartan
Nap. sartayine
Sp. sartén
Glc. sartaña
Pt. sertã
Srd. sartaghine

|patella

|gnats

|—

|PR. */tʲinˈtʲalas/
OFr. cinceles
Vnz. sginsałe
It. zanzare
Ro. țânțari^masc

| rowspan="2" |crops

| rowspan="2" |—

|once

|—

|PR. */una ˈβɪke/
OFr. une feis{{efn|The reason for the initial consonant devoicing to /f/ is unclear.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Fr. une fois
Occ. una vets
Sp. una vez
Pt. uma vez

|interr.{{gcl|F}}.{{gcl|SG}}.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}

|PR. */seˈpʊlta/
Vgl. sepualta
It. sepolta^lit

|sepelita

|cloth

|PR. */sɪnˈdone/
It. sindone

|linciolo{{efn|Read: linteolo.|name=|group=}}

|CL synonym.

|PR. */lɪnˈtʲɔlu/
Fr. linceul
Occ. lençòl
Cat. llençol
Sp. lenzuelo
Pt. lençol
Rms. lenziel
Vgl. linẑòl
It. lenzuolo

|individually

|—

|if want.{{gcl|2SG}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |free.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}.{{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2" |PR. */soˈlutos/^acc
OFr. soluz
'resolved, paid'

| rowspan="2" |disligatis

| rowspan="2" |Past participle of disligare, a compound based on CL dis-, a negating prefix, + ligare 'tie'.

|PR. */dɪslɪˈɡatos/
OFr. desliez
Fr. déliés
OSp. deslegados
OPt. deslegados

|fortune-teller

|—

|sorcerus

|Rendering of *sortiarius, a postclassical compound based on CL sors, sortis 'fortune' + -arius, a suffix denoting occupation.

|PR. */sorˈtʲarʲu/^acc
Fr. sorcier

| rowspan="2" |palm-frond

| rowspan="2" |Pr. */sˈpatʊla/
OFr. espalle
Fr. épaule
Oc. espatla
Ct. espattla
Sp. espalda
Pt. espalda
Vnz. spała
It. spalla
Sic. spaḍḍa

'shoulder'

| rowspan="2" |rama palmarum

| rowspan="2" |Periphrase, lit. 'palm-tree branch'. Rama reflects a collective formJensen 1986: 3 based on CL ramus 'branch'.

|PR. */ˈrama/
OFr. raime
Fr. rame{{efn|The expected outcome would have been /ʁɛm/. The modern form appears to have taken its initial vowel from the original diminutive rameau, where the /a/ was unstressed and hence did not change to /ɛ/ (TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/rame rame]").|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Occ. rama
Cat. rama
Sp. rama
'branch'

| rowspan="2" |excrement

|PR. */sˈtɛrku/
OSp. estierco
Pt. esterco
It. sterco
Ro. șterc

|drown.{{gcl|PASS}}.{{gcl|PTCP}}.{{gcl|PL}}

|PR. */sʊmˈmɛrsi/
It. sommersi

|necati

|very.thin.{{gcl|F}}

|PR. */sʊpˈtile/
OFr. sotil
OOcc. sotil
OCat. sotil
It. sottile
Srd. suttile
Ro. subțire

|perpittita

|ignite.{{gcl|3PL}}

|—

|priest's_gown.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */sudaˈrʲɔlu/^dim
Vgl. sedarul
'handkerchief'

|fanonem

|Compound based on Frankish *fano 'cloth' + -o, -onis, originally a noun-forming suffix but now serving merely as an extender.

|Fr. fanon
'papal gown'

| rowspan="2" |ridges.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|PR. */ˈsʊlki/^nom
It. solchi
Nap. surchi

| rowspan="2" |rige

| rowspan="2" |Gaulish *rica.

| rowspan="2" |OFr. reies
Fr. raies
Occ. regas

|pig

|PR. */ˈsue/
Srd. sue

|moles.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */ˈtalpas/
Fr. taupes
Occ. talpas
Cat. talps^masc
Sp. topos^masc
Glc. toupas
It. talpe
Srd. tarpas

|muli

|Borrowing of Frankish *mul.

|Fr. mulot^dim
'field mouse'

|roof

|PR. */ˈtektu/
OFr. teit
Fr. toit
Gsc. teit
Occ. tech
Sp. techo
Glc. teito
Pt. teto
Pie. tèit
Lmb. tecc
Rms. tetg
Vgl. tiat
It. tetto

|solarium

|CL for 'roof-terrace'.

|PR. */solˈarʲu/
Fr. solier
Gsc. solèr
'loft'

|annoy.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|monotony.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}

|—

|thresh.{{gcl|1SG}}

|—

|tribulo

|Verb based on CL tribulum 'threshing-board', ultimately a derivative of tero.

|PR. */ˈtriblo/
OFr. trible, triule
Cat. trillo
Sp. trillo
Pt. trilho
It. tribbio
Srd. triulo
Ro. treier

| rowspan="2" |garment

| rowspan="2" |—

|cuirass

|—

|beam.{{gcl|ACC}}

|See entry for mastus.

|trastrum{{efn|Read: transtrum.|name=|group=}}

|CL for 'crossbeam'. OFr. tref < trabem could mean 'tent' as well, so this gloss serves to clarify the intended meaning.

|PR. */ˈtrastu/
OFr. traste
'crossbeam'
Sp. trasto
Pt. traste
'junk'

|carry_across.{{gcl|3PL}}.{{gcl|FUT}}

|—

|transportent

|CL synonym.

|PR. */trasˈpɔrtant/
OFr. tresportent
OIt. traportano

|pass_by.{{gcl|IMP}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|—

| rowspan="2" |swim_across.{{gcl|INF}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |transnotare

| rowspan="2" |Notare is an alteration of CL natare 'swim' via vowel dissimilation.

|PR. */trasnoˈtare/
OFr. *tresnoder
OIt. tranotare

|hut

|—

|incense burner

|—

|incensarium

|LL incens- (obl. stem of incensum 'incense') + -arium 'place for keeping'.

|PR. */ɪnkenˈsarʲu/
OFr. encensier
'incense burner'
Fr. encensier
'rosemary'

|crowds.{{gcl|ACC}}

|PR. */ˈtʊrmas/
It. torme
Frl. torme
Ro. turme
Srd. trumas

|fulcos

|A borrowing of Frankish *folc 'people'.

|OFr. fols
Fr. foules^fem
OOcc. {{lang|pro|folcs}}
Gsc. huras^fem
Occ. fulas^fem
Glc. foulas^fem

|defenses

|—

|defendementa

|Compound based on CL defendere 'protect' + -mentum, a noun-forming suffix.

|OFr. defendemenz

|senseless

|—

|esdarnatus

|Past participle of *esdarnare, a verb based on es- (later form of CL ex-)+ Frankish *darn 'bewildered'.TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/darne darne]"

|Fr. dial. darne
'stumbling, impulsive'

| rowspan="2" |roasting-spit

| rowspan="2" |PR. */βerˈrʊklu/^dim{{Efn|Diminutive of ueru. Geminate r taken from ferru(m) 'iron' (Malkiel 1983: 474).|name=|group=upper-roman}}
OFr. veroil
Fr. verrou{{Efn|Back-formation from OFr. plural /veˈrus/ < earlier /veˈruʎts/ (TLFi: "[https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/verrou verrou]"). The expected outcome of the singular /veˈroʎ/ would have been */vɛʁuj/, cf. fenouil < *fenúclu.|name=|group=upper-roman}}
Prv. ferrolh
Occ. varrolh
Cat. forrolh
Sp. cerrojo
Pt. ferrolho{{Efn|Old Portuguese had the expected form /veˈroʎo/, which later acquired an initial /f/ by analogy with ferro 'iron'. (This happened to the Provençal and Catalan cognates as well.) Similarly, Old Spanish had /βeˈroʒo/, which later acquired the initial consonant of cerrar, meaning 'shut' (Malkiel 1983: 474).|name=|group=upper-roman}}
It. verrocchio

| rowspan="2" |spidus

| rowspan="2" |Frankish *spit.

|OFr. espeiz^nom

|bats

|PR. */βesperˈtɛllu/^dim
Ast. esperteyu
OIt. vipistrello
It. pipistrello

|calues sorices{{efn|Read: caluas sorices.|name=|group=}}

|An expression based on CL caluas 'bald' + sorices 'shrewmice'.

|PR. */ˈkalβas soˈrikes/
Fr. chauves-souris

|garment

|PR. */βestɪˈmɛntu/
Fr. vêtement
Rms. büschmaint
Vgl. vestemiant
Ro. veșmânt

|rauba

|Frankish *rauba 'spoils of war, garments'

|Fr. robe
Occ. rauba
Cat. roba
Sp. ropa
Pt. roupa
It. roba

|power.{{gcl|ACC}}

|—

|fortiam

|Reinterpretation of CL fortia 'strong' as a feminine noun.

|PR. */ˈfɔrtʲa/
Fr. force
Occ. força
Cat. força
Sp. fuerza
Pt. força
Rms. forza
It. forza

| rowspan="2" |guts

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |intralia

| rowspan="2" |Analogous to CL interanea, both ultimately compounds based on Archaic Latin *inter- 'inside' + -anea or -alia, both adjective-forming suffixes.

|PR. */ɪnˈtralʲas/
Fr. entrailles
Occ. entralhas

|fingernails

|—

|devouring

|—

|manducans

|CL for 'chewing'. Manducare went on to become the standard word for 'eat' in many Romance languages.

|PR. */mandʊˈkando/^ger
Fr. mangeant
Occ. manjant
Cat. menjant
Rms. mangiond
OIt. manicando
Ro. mâncând
Srd. mandicande

|urge_forward.{{gcl|3SG}}

|—

|adastat

|Frankish *haist 'haste'.

|OOcc. adastaLevy 1923: 6

| rowspan="2" |loan_interest.{{gcl|DAT}}/{{gcl|ABL}}.{{gcl|PL}}

| rowspan="2" |—

| rowspan="2" |lucris

|use.{{gcl|IMP}}.{{gcl|SG}}

|—

|wineskins

|PR. */ˈʊtres/
Sp. odres
Pt. odres
It. otri
ARo. utri

|folli

|CL folles 'leather bags, bellows'.

|PR. */ˈfɔlles/
OFr. fols
Fr. fous
Occ. fòls
Cat. folls
'madmen, fools'
Sp. fuelles
Pt. foles
OIt. folli
Ro. foale
Srd. foddes
'bellows'

| rowspan="2" |grapes.{{gcl|ACC}}

| rowspan="2" |PR. */ˈuβas/
Sp. uvas
Pt. uvas
Rms. ieuvas
It. uve
Vgl. joive
ARo. & ORo. aue