Roads in Ghana#List of routes

{{Short description|Network of roads in Ghana}}

File:GH national highways route labels.png

Roads in Ghana form a network of varied quality and capacity. Responsibility for the road network differs between trunk and non-trunk routes. Trunk roads, which are the most important roads, are administered by the Ghana Highway Authority, which was established in 1974 to develop the trunk road network. Ghana's 13,367 km of trunk roads accounts for 33% of the total road network of 40,186 km.{{cite web |url=http://www.highways.gov.gh/ |title=Ghana Highway Authority | providing safe reliable trunk road network |access-date=2013-06-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518082950/http://highways.gov.gh/ |archive-date=2013-05-18 }} The Department of Feeder Roads is responsible for the construction and maintenance of feeder roads in Ghana, while responsibility for urban roads lies with the Department of Urban Roads.{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrt.gov.gh/ |title=Welcome to the Ministry of Roads and Highways - Ghana |access-date=2015-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721031122/http://mrt.gov.gh/ |archive-date=2011-07-21 |url-status=dead }} In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Ashanti Empire constructed a complex network of roads to link Kumasi with their territories in modern Ghana. For John Thornton, these roads improved transportation across the region by the 19th century.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_qNAgAAQBAJ&dq=Asante+great+roads&pg=PA73|last1=Thornton |first1=John Kelly|author-link=John Thornton (historian)|year=1999|title=Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800|page=73|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135365844}}

Road distances are shown in kilometers and Ghana speed limits are indicated in kilometers per hour (km/h). Generally, speed limits range from {{convert|30|to|50|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} in urban areas, {{convert|80|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} on Regional and Inter-Regional highways (R and IR routes), {{convert|90|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} on National highways (N routes) and {{convert|100|km/h|mph|round=5|abbr=on}} on motorways.{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrh.gov.gh/files/publications/Drivers_Guide.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-12-05 |archive-date=2017-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005838/http://www.mrh.gov.gh/files/publications/Drivers_Guide.pdf |url-status=dead }}

Classification

Trunk roads in Ghana are classified as N for National routes, R for Regional routes, and IR for Inter-Regional routes. Each road is given a number which is combined with the prefix, for example N1, R40 and IR11, although their informal or traditional names may still be used or heard occasionally: for instance the Accra - Kumasi Road (now part of the N6).

=National routes=

National routes in Ghana are a class of roads and highways that form the trunk routes between major urban centers. Together, they form the backbone of the road system. This category of roads is designated with the letter N followed by a number indicating the specific route.{{Cite web |url=http://www.highways.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=40 |title=Road Network | Greater Accra Region |access-date=2010-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418035754/http://www.highways.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17&Itemid=40 |archive-date=2011-04-18 |url-status=dead }} Odd-numbered routes run east to west, while even-numbered routes run north to south.

==List of routes==

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

class="wikitable"

!width=80px| Number !! Route !! Length (km) !! Length (mi)

{{jct|country=GHA|N|1}}Elubo (N12) - Mpataba (R19) - Esiama (R88) - Abra (R86) - Agona (R84) - Sekondi-Takoradi - Cape Coast (R82) - Yamoransa (N8) - Saltpond (R80) - Mankessim (IR1) - Apam Junction (R62) - Ojobi Junction (R17) - Winneba (IR2) - Nyanyano (R15) - Accra (N6) - Tetteh Quarshie Interchange, Accra (N4), Dawhenya (R13) - Sege (R18) - Kase (R11) - Dabala (R16) - Akatsi (R12, R14) - Denu (R11) - Aflao

|{{convert|540|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|2}}

Tema (N1) - Asikuma - Kpong (N3) - Adomi (N5) - Have-Etoe (R26) - Fume (R28) - Golokwati (IR7) - Hohoe (R10) - Jasikan (R23) - Kadjebi (R25) - Nkwanta (R27) - Nakpayili (R202) - Bimbila (R29) - Pusuga (N9) - Yendi (R201, R204) - Sakpeigu (N14) - Gushiegu (R107, R110) - Nyakpanduri (IR11) - Bawku (N11) - Kulungugu

|{{convert|640|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|3}}Kpong (N2) - Somanya (R30) - Oterkpalu (IR3) - Koforidua (R42)

|{{convert|40|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|4}}

Accra (N1) - Adenta (R40) - Mamfe (R22) - Koforidua (R42) - Asokore (R41) - Bunso (N6, R32)

|{{convert|110|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|5}}Adome (N2) - Juapong - Ho (R10, R26, R55)

|{{convert|40|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|6}}

Accra (N1) - Nsawam (IR1) - Suhum (R41) - Apedwa (R60) - Bunso (N4) - Anyinam (R61) - Nkawkaw (IR3) - Juaso (IR2) - Konongo (R76) - Bomfa (R87) - Ejisu (R104) - Kumasi (IR4, IR5, N10, R108, R52)

|{{convert|250|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|7}}Sawla (N12) - Larabanga - Fufulsu (N10)

|{{convert|140|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|8}}

Yamoransa (N1) - Dunkwa - Fomena - Bekwai - Kumasi (N6, N10)

|{{convert|170|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|9}}Tamale (N10) - Jimle - Yendi (N2)

|{{convert|100|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|10}}

| Kumasi (N6, N8)- Techiman - Tamale (N9) - Bolgatanga (N11) - Paga

|{{convert|610|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|11}}Bolgatanga (N10) - Zebilla - Bawku (N2) - Bimpiela

|{{convert|100|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|12}}

Elubo (N1) - Enchi - Sunyani - Bamboi - Wa - Lawra - Hamile

|{{convert|670|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|13}}Lawra - Tumu - Navrongo

|{{convert|180|km|disp=table}}

style="background:#EFEFEF"

|{{jct|country=GHA|N|14}}

Sakpeigu - Cheperoni - Yawgu

|{{convert|120|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|16}}Tumu - Kapulima

|{{convert|20|km|disp=table}}

{{jct|country=GHA|N|18}}Wa - Heng

|{{convert|79|km|disp=table}}

=Inter-regional routes=

Inter-Regional routes, designated with the prefix IR, connect major settlements and regional capitals across regional borders. Running east to west are odd-numbered routes, while north-south routes are even-numbered.

==List of routes==

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

class="wikitable"

! Number !! Route

IR1Aburi, ER - Mankessim, CR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|IR2

Winneba, CR - Juaso, AS
IR3Oterkpalu, ER - Obuasi, CR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|IR4

Kumasi, AS - Chambuligu, NR
IR5Abuakwa, ER - Osei Kojokrom, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|IR6

Agona, WR - Ayamfuri,CR
IR7Kame, VR - Nkonsia, ER
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|IR8

Dunkwa, CR - Kyeremaso, BA
IR9Prang, BA - Berekum, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|IR10

Busunu, NR - Chuchuligu, UE
IR11Yawgu, NR - Pala, UW
IR12Elubo, WR - Hamile, UWR

=Regional routes=

Regional routes are a mix of primary and secondary routes that link major settlements and serve as feeder roads to the National route network. Major regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a two-digit number, while Minor regional routes are designated with the letter R followed by a three-digit number.

Designation as a Regional route does not imply that a road is maintained by a regional authority; some parts of the Regional route network are maintained by the Ghana Highway Authority, and parts in cities and towns may be ordinary streets maintained by the Department of Urban Roads and the Department of Feeder Roads. Regional routes vary in quality and size from dirt roads to multi-lane paved highways.

==Major regional routes==

Major regional routes are the second category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads to the national route network, and are the primary trunk roads in areas where there is no national route.

===List of routes===

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

class="wikitable"

! Number !! Route

R10Denu, VR – Ho, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R11

Kasseh, VR – Denu, VR
R12Akatsi, VR – Akanu, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R13

Akplabanya, GR - Dodowa, GR
R14Akatsi, VR – Ziope, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R15

Nyanyano, CR – Bawjiase, CR
R16Srogbe, VR – Dabala, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R17

Ojobi, CR – Senya-Beraku, CT
R18Akplabanya - Battor
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R19

Mpataba, WR – Jewi Wharf, WR
R20Ashaiman - Dodowa
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R21

Atimpoku, ER – Akosombo, ER
R22Doryum - Mamfe
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R23

Jasikan, VR – Worawora, VR
R24Frankadua, VR – Adidome, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R25

Kadjebi, VR – Apesokubi, VR
R26Have, VR – Borae, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R27

Nkwanta, WR – Dambai, NR
R28Fume, VR – Sogakope, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R29

Zabzugu, NR - Salaga, NR
R30Adukrom, WR – Konongo-Odumase, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R31

Seems not to exist
R32Begoro, ER – Dominase, ER
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R33

Seems not to exist
R34Begoro - Agogo
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R35

Seems not to exist
R36New Edubiase, AS – Saponso, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R37

Seems not to exist
R38Agyenkwaso, AS - Gyadem, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R39

Seems not to exist
R40Accra, GR - Somanya, ER
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R41

Effiduase - Assinmanso
R42Mamfe, ER – Nkurakan, ER
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R43

Juansa, AS – Offinso, AS
R44Agogo, AS – Jema, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R45

Aframso, AS – Sekyedumase, AS
R46Seems not to exist
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R47

Kwadwokrom, BA – Nkoranza, BA
R48Seems not to exist
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R49

Kpandae, NR – Salaga, NR
R50Ho, VR – Dzelukope, VR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R52

Kumasi, AS – New Offinso, AS
R54Ohiyeanisa, WR – Drobo, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R60

Apedwa, ER – Bunso, ER
R61Anyinam, ER – Kade, ER
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R62

Apam, CR – Kade, ER
R63Tepa, BA – Goase, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R64

Adaiso, ER – Obogu, AS
R65Mankraso, AS – Tepa, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R66

Bechem, BA – Akumadan, AS
R68Berekum, BA – Nkawkaw, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R70

Golokwati, VR – Hohoe, VR
R71Techiman, BA – Buoku, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R72

Ekyiaenfokrom, ER – New Kyease, ER
R74Surukrom, AS – Kwame Danso, BA
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R76

Konongo, AS – Atebubu, BA
R80Saltpond, CR – Abura Dunkwa, CR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R81

Assin Foso, CR – Insu, WR
R82Cape Coast, CR – Twifo Praso, CR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R83

Asubua, CR – Dunkwa, CR
R84Discove, WR – Agona, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"
R85Busuta, WR – Busua, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"
R86Princess Town, WR – Abra, WR
R87Bomfa, AS – Bekwai, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R88

Esiama, WR – Anibil, WR
R90Tamale, NR – Karaga, NR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R91

Nanton, NR – Kunbungu, NR
R92Tamale, NR – Mankarigu, NR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R93

Wenchi, BA – Sampa, WR
R94Menji, BA – Banda Nkwanta, NR

==Minor regional routes==

Minor Regional Routes are the third category of road in the Ghana trunk road network. They serve as feeder roads connecting smaller towns to the national and major regional route network.

===List of routes===

AS Ashanti Region, BA Brong-Ahafo Region, CR Central Region, ER Eastern Region, GR Greater Accra Region, NR Northern Region, UE Upper East Region, UW Upper West Region, VR Volta Region, WR Western Region

class="wikitable"

! Number !! Route

R100Atobiase, WR – Nyenase, CR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R101

Essamam, WR – Tarkwa, WR
R103Obuasi, AS – Apowa, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R104

Bekwai, AS – Kumawu, AS
R105Awiankwanta, AS – Adumasa, AS
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R106

Kumasi, AS – Abono, AS
R107Gushiegu, NR – Pigu, NR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R108

Manso Nkwanta, AS – Toase, AS
R109Tamale, NR – Daboya, NR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R110

Gushiegu, NR – Nalerigu, NR
R113Naga, UE – Wiagayisoaso, UE
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R114

Bolgatanga, UE – Feo, UE
R116Wulugu, NR – Navrongo, UE
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R121

Tarkwa, WR – Akyemfo, WR
R122Samreboi, WR – Asankragwa, WR
R123Bawdie, WR – Enchi, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R124

Asankragwa, WR – Humjibre, WR
R125Diaso, WR – Juabeso, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R126

Dadieso, WR – Buako, WR
R127Asawinso, WR – Sefwi Bekwai, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R128

Hwidiem, BA – Atroni, BA
R129Kramokrom, WR – New Debiso, WR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R131

Tumu, UW – Hamile, UW
R132Nadowli, UW – Nandom, UW
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R180

Yala, UW – Wahabu, UW
R181Sanadema, UE – Fian, UW
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R182

Walembele, UW – Tumu, UW
R184Hian, UW – Gbal, UW
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R201

Tatali, NR – Tamale, NR
R202Ketekrachi, VR – Nakpayili, NR
style="background:#EFEFEF"

|R204

Yendi, NR – Chereponi, NR

{{clear}}

Signage

{{multiple image|total_width=400

|image1=Ghana N6 signage in Kumasi.jpg|caption1=N6 route marker

|image2=Typical Ghana road signage.jpg|caption2=A typical directional sign on a highway in Ghana

}}

Signage on the Ghana network conforms broadly to international norms. All length distances are shown in kilometers, speed is in kilometers per hour, whilst height and width restrictions are shown in meters. Signs may be of an informative, warning or instructional nature. Instructional signs are generally circular, warnings are triangular, and informative signs are rectangular or square. Informative signs, which include directional signs, use white text on a blue background.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}