Robert Enke

Enke was born on 24 August 1977 in Jena, where he grew up in a flat in the district of Lobeda. He was the youngest of three children born to Dirk Enke, a sports psychologist, and Gisela Enke.

Enke began playing football from an early age, initially playing as a striker, before making the switch to goalkeeper, where he displayed obvious talent. He joined Carl Zeiss Jena in 1985 after an impressive performance while playing against them in a youth team match for SV Jenapharm.{{rp|page=12}}

He rose through the youth ranks at the club, and in 1993, he played for the Germany under-15 national team against England at Wembley Stadium. The game finished 0–0, with Enke receiving praise for multiple saves made throughout the match.{{cite news | title=Soccer: England denied by Germans | publisher=Telegraph Media Group|work=Daily Telegraph | first=John | last=Price | date=14 June 1993|id = {{ProQuest|317239240}}}} At the age of 17, Enke signed his first professional contract with Carl Zeiss Jena.{{rp|page=21}}

Enke worked his way up to the first team at Carl Zeiss Jena during the 1995–96 season.{{cite web|url=http://www.fc-carlzeiss-jena.de/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=7259&type=&menuid=74&topmenu=301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113091711/http://www.fc-carlzeiss-jena.de/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=7259&type=&menuid=74&topmenu=301 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 November 2009 |title=Der FC Carl Zeiss Jena trauert um Robert Enke |publisher=FC Carl Zeiss Jena |access-date=11 November 2009|date = 10 November 2009}} He made his professional debut on 11 November 1995, against future club Hannover 96 in the 2. Bundesliga. He was given the opportunity after the club suffered two consecutive fiascos against Duisburg and Bochum, prompting coach Eberhard Vogel to drop the former first-choice goalkeeper Mario Neumann for the youngster Enke. Enke played three games during November 1995, but Neumann was restored to the team after this period and Enke did not appear for the first team again that season.

The goalkeeper actually would never play for the club again as he was signed by Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach in the summer of 1996. Enke spent his first two seasons here with the club's U-23 side, playing in the lower leagues, as well as for the Under-21 national team{{rp|page=39}} and honing his talent, studying the club's number one goalkeeper Uwe Kamps.{{cite book|last=Reng|first=Ronald|title=A Life Too Short|date=2011|publisher=Vintage Digital|isbn=978-0-224-09165-7|edition=Kindle}}{{rp|page=37}}

His chance came on the eve of the 1998–99 season when Uwe Kamps suffered a ruptured Achilles tendon and new coach Friedel Rausch gave Enke his big chance to finally make his club debut.{{rp|page=47}} His first Bundesliga game came on 15 August 1998 in a 3–0 win over Schalke 04 that put them top of the table. However, this position quickly changed as, despite Enke's best efforts, fifteen goals were scored past him in just one week.{{rp|page=54}} The club plummeted to the foot of the league where they remained from October until their eventual relegation (Rainer Bonhof was manager from November onward).

In June 1999, he joined Benfica in Portugal, signing a three-year contract,{{cite news|title=Guivarc'h signs four-year deal at Auxerre|newspaper=Evening News|date=4 June 1999|id={{ProQuest|327479635}}}} and becoming one of four goalkeepers on the team's books. Enke had a history of panic attacks{{rp|page=88}} and had second thoughts soon after signing for the team. He realised however that, having signed a contract, he was obliged to fulfil it.{{rp|page=76}} The club were then managed by Enke's countryman Jupp Heynckes, who promptly made him captain. His time in Portugal was a turbulent one, as the club changed manager three times in his three seasons there and suffered their lowest ever league finish (sixth) in a trophyless spell, beset by financial difficulties that caused players wages to often be late. In spite of these issues, Enke quickly gained the admiration of Benfica's fans, and he is still fondly remembered by many of them.

Despite these problems, Enke's performances gained him the admiration of Encarnados (reds) fans, as well as interest from clubs like Arsenal,{{cite web|url=http://64.34.162.112/news/2001Feb/20010202_7089_world_soccer.html|title=Arsenal may bid for Benfica's Enke|access-date=22 February 2008|publisher=World Soccer News|date=2 February 2001|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603211733/http://64.34.162.112/news/2001Feb/20010202_7089_world_soccer.html|archive-date=3 June 2008}} Atlético Madrid{{cite web|url=http://64.34.162.112/news/2002Mar/20020320_12838_world_soccer.html|title=Atletico start Enke move in motion|access-date=22 February 2008|date=20 March 2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929082345/http://64.34.162.112/news/2002Mar/20020320_12838_world_soccer.html|archive-date=29 September 2007|work=World Soccer News}} and Manchester United chasing him.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/1694910.stm|title=Enke in Man Utd no-go|access-date =22 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport | date= 6 December 2001}} After contract talks with Benfica stalled, Enke took up the offer of Spanish giants Barcelona and moved on a free transfer in June 2002 on a three-year deal.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/2024644.stm|title=Barça swoop for Enke|access-date =22 February 2008|publisher=BBC Sport |date= 4 June 2002}}

Life at the Camp Nou proved tough for Enke — he later labelled the goalkeeper's spot at Barça as the "most difficult goalkeeping position in Europe"{{cite web|url=http://www.hannover96.de/CDA/news_-_detailansicht,577,0,newsid-3588,de.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20041102010615/http://www.hannover96.de/CDA/news_-_detailansicht,577,0,newsid-3588,de.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 November 2004|title=Interview mit Robert Enke|date=20 October 2004| language = de}} – as he ended up playing second choice to Roberto Bonano and then Víctor Valdés. His debut set the mark, as the club was humiliatingly knocked out of the Spanish Cup by third flight Novelda CF at the first hurdle on 11 September 2002 and was criticised by teammate Frank de Boer in public for his part in their exit.{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9991660.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115055058/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-9991660.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 January 2016|title=Fans bay for blood over Barca's cup shame|first=Tom|last=Shields|work=Sunday Herald|publisher=JPI Media|date=15 September 2002|access-date=16 February 2013}}

His brief taste of La Liga came in a 20-minute appearance as a substitute in a 2–2 draw at Osasuna on 2 March 2003. He did manage to sample some European action during his spell though as he made two UEFA Champions League appearances, against Club Brugge and Galatasaray in the group stage.

The following season, as Frank Rijkaard replaced Louis van Gaal as coach, Enke was loaned out to Turkish side Fenerbahçe – then managed by German coach Christoph Daum – as part of the deal that saw Rüştü Reçber move to the Spanish club. However, his career continued to stall as he managed to play just a solitary game there, a traumatic 0–3 defeat to Istanbulspor on 10 August 2003. His own fans pelted him with firelighters and bottles during the game, blaming him for this bitter defeat. These scenes caused Enke to immediately quit the club and his planned one-year loan and return to Spain.{{cite web|url=https://www.derwesten.de/nachrichten/sport/fussball/2009/11/10/news-140396062/detail.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113154022/http://www.derwesten.de/nachrichten/sport/fussball/2009/11/10/news-140396062/detail.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 November 2009 |title=Robert Enke ging in seiner Karriere schwere Wege |language=de |publisher=Der Westen|date= 10 November 2009|access-date =11 November 2009}} It was at this time that Enke suffered his first spell of depression, which led to his almost quitting football altogether.{{Citation needed|date=December 2011}}

After a four-month spell back at Barcelona, but outside the first team squad, Enke dropped down to the Spanish Segunda División when he was loaned to CD Tenerife in January 2004 for the remainder of the season.{{Cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/players/robenkedata.html | title = Robert Enke - Matches and Goals in Bundesliga | first = Matthias | last = Arnhold | date = 7 December 2017 | access-date = 15 December 2017 | publisher = Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}} Here, he enjoyed an upturn, performing strongly and winning acclaim from the fans and other clubs. Although he believed his career was destined to remain in the lower leagues, he left Tenerife to join Hannover 96 in the Bundesliga.

file:Robert Enke 5.JPG Hannover in 2009]]

Following his return to form at CD Tenerife, Enke returned to his homeland joining Bundesliga side Hannover 96 in July 2004 on a free transfer in an initial two-year deal. His career enjoyed its greatest success and stability, as he became firmly established as the club's first choice and was voted the best goalkeeper in the league by his fellow professionals in kicker magazine.

Such form caused Enke to be linked with moves to larger clubs, particularly VfB Stuttgart. In December 2006, however, he ended this speculation by signing a contract extension with Hannover 96 until the end of the 2009–10 season. He was elected team captain by his teammates for the 2007–08 season, a role he would retain for the rest of his career. He again won the best goalkeeper award for the 2008–09 season, which would tragically prove to be his final full campaign.{{cite web |url=http://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=soccer/09/11/10/SOCCER_Enke.html |title=Goalkeeper Enke confirmed dead |publisher=365 Media Group|work=Sporting Life |access-date=11 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605033240/http://www.sportinglife.com/football/news/story_get.cgi?STORY_NAME=soccer%2F09%2F11%2F10%2FSOCCER_Enke.html |archive-date=5 June 2011 }}

Enke played 180 times for Hannover 96 in total. He made the final appearance of his career on 8 November 2009 in a 2–2 draw at home to Hamburg, just two days before his death.{{cite web | url = http://www.sn-online.de/Nachrichten/Sport/Hannover-96/Robert-Enke-Viel-mehr-als-eine-Nummer-1 | title = Robert Enke: Viel mehr als eine Nummer 1 | publisher=Madsack Media Group|work=SN Online | language = de |date= 10 November 2009| access-date=11 November 2009|trans-title=Robert Enke: Much more than a number 1}} {{registration required}}

File:2013 während der Wirtschaftsmesse Hannover, Blick auf einen Teil der in der Nordkurve aufgehängten Fußballspieler-Trikots beim abendlichen Meeting.jpg, 2013]]

Enke first represented his country in 1997 whilst playing for Borussia Mönchengladbach, winning a place in the German Under-21 side and retained the number one jersey for the remainder of the season, playing 15 times in total. His performances there convinced former national team coach Erich Ribbeck to include him in the squad for the 1999 Confederations Cup, although he did not feature in any games.

His international career then stalled when he left Germany and he was not considered again until his return to the Bundesliga. The growing acclaim he enjoyed after saw him in contention for the 2006 FIFA World Cup squad, under Jürgen Klinsmann, although he missed out ultimately. He succeeded in breaking into the squad shortly after, under new coach Joachim Löw, in being chosen for a friendly against Georgia, and, after first choice Jens Lehmann caught the flu, again against Cyprus.

He finally made his senior international debut for Germany in a 0–1 friendly defeat to Denmark in Duisburg on 28 March 2007.{{Cite web | url = https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/robenke-intl.html | title = Robert Enke - International Appearances | first = Matthias | last = Arnhold | date = 7 December 2017 | access-date = 15 December 2017 | publisher = RSSSF}} After further games, he was selected for their Euro 2008 squad which would compete in Austria and Switzerland. Enke was an unused substitute during the tournament that saw Germany finish as runners-up.

With the international retirement of previous number one Jens Lehmann at Euro 2008, Enke was poised to make the position his own and played in several World Cup 2010 qualifiers. However, in October 2008, he broke the scaphoid of his left hand while training with the national team for a qualifier against Russia. After undergoing surgery, he was sidelined for two months, and was replaced by René Adler. Upon his return in January 2009, he again became the number one keeper in the national team.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2009/nov/10/robert-enke-germany-died|title=Police confirm Germany goalkeeper Robert Enke left suicide note|work=The Guardian|date=11 November 2009|access-date=20 March 2017}}

In September and October 2009, Enke was again out of action for several weeks. The reason given to the Hannover 96 coaching was an intestinal infection campylobacter, although it is revealed in Ronald Reng's book A Life Too Short: The Tragic Story of Robert Enke that this was only partly true and in fact Enke's depression had returned. He did not return to football until late October, as a result of which he was not called up for a friendly against Chile for which the national team was preparing when he died. This game was subsequently called off as a mark of respect to Enke.{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLB21882720091111 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821034048/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLB21882720091111 |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 August 2010 |title=Germany cancel Chile friendly after Enke suicide |work=Reuters | date = 11 November 2009 |access-date =11 November 2009 | first=Karolos | last=Grohmann}} Prior to his death, Enke was expected to be Germany's number one goalkeeper at the 2010 World Cup, ahead of Manuel Neuer.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/13/sports/worldcup/world-cup-2014-before-manuel-neuer-was-germanys-keeper-there-was-robert-enke.html?_r=0|title=Germany's Haunting Emptiness in Goal|work=The New York Times| first = Sam | last = Borden |date=12 July 2014|access-date=20 March 2017}}

He died having won eight full international caps. His final international appearance came on 12 August 2009 when he kept a clean sheet against Azerbaijan.{{cite news | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article6913191.ece | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100531223713/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/european_football/article6913191.ece | url-status = dead | archive-date = 31 May 2010 | title = Robert Enke: a career of peaks and troughs |work=The Times |location=UK | access-date =6 January 2010 | date = 12 November 2009 | first = Gabriele | last = Marcotti}}

Enke was married to former modern pentathlete Teresa Reim{{cite web | url= http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/depression-und-sport-robert-enke-jugendjahre-im-umbruch/1918812.html | title = Depression und Sport Robert Enke: Jugendjahre im Umbruch | language = de | date = 4 September 2010 |access-date =29 May 2012 | publisher = Der Tagesspiegel|trans-title=Depression and Sport Robert Enke: Youth in Transition }} and had a daughter, Lara, who was born with a heart birth defect (hypoplastic left heart syndrome). She was rendered deaf by the drugs used to treat her heart problems.{{cite web | url = http://fookembug.wordpress.com/2009/11/20/two-years-old-deaf-girl-died-after-cochlear-implant-operation/ | title = Two years old deaf girl died after Cochlear Implant operation | publisher = Fookem and Bug | date = 19 September 2006|via=Wordpress | access-date = 22 January 2014}} Her cochlear implant surgery was successful but she died in 2006 due to complications of her heart defects.{{cite web | url= https://www.derwesten.de/nachrichten/das-auf-und-ab-des-robert-enke-id873789.html | title = Das Auf und Ab des Robert Enke | language = de | date = 10 November 2009 |access-date =18 November 2011|trans-title=The ups and downs of Robert Enke | publisher = Der Westen}}{{cite web | url = http://www.bild.de/BTO/sport/bundesliga/aktuell/2006/09/18/enke-tochter-todes-drama/enke-tochter-todes-drama.html | first1 = Gregor | last1 = Ruhmöller | first2 = Heiko | last2 = Ostendorp | first3 = Lars | last3 = Beike | title = Er war bis zuletzt bei seiner kleinen Lara | publisher=Bild | date = 10 November 2009 |trans-title=He was with his little Lara until the very end| access-date =10 November 2009 | language = de}}{{cite web | url = http://www.mh-hannover.de/46.html?&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1257008826&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=408&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=50&cHash=3e24864871 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130531235326/https://www.mh-hannover.de/46.html?&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5BpS%5D=1257008826&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=408&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=50&cHash=3e24864871 | title = Erklärung zum Tod von Lara Enke | language = de | publisher = Medizinische Hochschule Hannover | archive-date=31 May 2013 | date = 19 September 2006|trans-title=Declaration on the death of Lara Enke | access-date = 22 January 2014}} In May 2009, they adopted a baby girl, Leila.{{cite web| first = Neshe| last = Starcevic |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/sow/news?slug=ap-obit-enke&prov=ap&type=lgns |archive-url=https://archive.today/20091112184204/http://sports.yahoo.com/sow/news?slug=ap-obit-enke&prov=ap&type=lgns |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2009 |title=Germany goalkeeper Robert Enke dies at age 32 |publisher=Yahoo Sports| date = 10 November 2009 | access-date =11 November 2009}} Enke lived with his family on a small farm in Empede, near Neustadt am Rübenberge, until his death in November 2009.

Enke and his wife were involved in several animal rights campaigns, and they owned many pets.{{cite web |url=http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2008/index.php?f=0000107296.php |title=Robert Enke — a serene man in goal and life |publisher=Deutsche Fußball Liga |work=Bundesliga.de |date=24 September 2008 |access-date=11 November 2009 |archive-date=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406181547/http://www.bundesliga.de/en/liga/news/2008/index.php?f=0000107296.php |url-status=dead }}

File:Robert Enke Trauerstelle.jpg in Hanover]]

On the night of 10 November 2009, at the age of 32, Enke died by rail suicide, standing in front of a regional express train at a level crossing in Eilvese, Neustadt am Rübenberge.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/8353733.stm |title=Germany keeper dies in accident |publisher=BBC News |date=10 November 2009 | access-date =10 November 2009}}{{cite web | url = http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/11112009/58/international-football-enke-death-confirmed-suicide.html | title = Enke death confirmed as suicide | publisher=Eurosport | date = 11 November 2009 | access-date =11 November 2009}} Police confirmed a suicide note was discovered but would not publicise its details.{{cite web | url = http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/517056/artikel_robert-enke-zum-tod-des-nationaltorwarts.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091116063130/http://www.kicker.de/news/fussball/bundesliga/startseite/517056/artikel_robert-enke-zum-tod-des-nationaltorwarts.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 16 November 2009 | title = Robert Enke (24.08.1977 – 10.11.2009) | language = de | publisher=Kicker | access-date =1 April 2011 | date = 9 November 2010}} His widow, Teresa, revealed that her husband had been suffering from depression for six years and was treated by a psychiatrist.{{cite web | url = http://www.stern.de/sport/fussball/teresa-enke-letzte-hoffnung-liebe-1521152.html | title = Teresa Enke: Letzte Hoffnung Liebe | publisher=Stern.de | language = de | date = 11 November 2009 | access-date =11 November 2009}} After the death of his daughter Lara in 2006, he struggled to cope with the loss.

Many fans immediately flocked to Hannover 96's AWD-Arena home to lay flowers and light candles and sign the book of condolences upon news breaking. His former club Barcelona held a minute's silence before their game that night, and several international matches the following weekend paid the same tribute. As a mark of respect, the Germany national team cancelled their friendly match against Chile which had been scheduled for 14 November.{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=697278&sec=europe&cc=5739|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214231651/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=697278&sec=europe&cc=5739|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 December 2009|title= Germany call off Chile friendly | date = 11 November 2009 | access-date =11 November 2009}} A minute's silence was also held at all Bundesliga games during 21–22 November 2009 and at Benfica's game in the Cup of Portugal.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/8353964.stm |title=Goalkeeper suicide stuns football |publisher=BBC News |date = 11 November 2009 | access-date =11 November 2009}} Germany also cancelled a planned training session and all interviews after his death. Oliver Bierhoff, the national team's general manager, said: "We are all shocked. We are lost for words."{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/internationals/8353964.stm |work=BBC News | title=Goalkeeper suicide stuns football | date=11 November 2009}}

On 15 November 2009, nearly 40,000 attendees filled the AWD-Arena for his memorial service. Enke's coffin, covered in white roses, was carried by six of his Hannover 96 teammates.{{cite web | url = http://www.svz.de/nachrichten/home/top-thema/article//ruhe-in-frieden-anruehrender-abschied-von-enke.html | title = Ruhe in Frieden: Anrührender Abschied von Enke | publisher = Schweriner Volkszeitung | date = 15 November 2009 | access-date = 18 May 2010 | language = de | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120918061339/http://www.svz.de/nachrichten/home/top-thema/article//ruhe-in-frieden-anruehrender-abschied-von-enke.html | archive-date = 18 September 2012 | df = dmy-all }} He was then buried in Neustadt, outside Hannover, next to his daughter's grave.{{cite web | url = http://www.abendblatt.de/sport/fussball/article1270929/Er-war-einer-von-uns-Trauerfeier-mit-vielen-Emotionen.html | title = "Er war einer von uns" – Trauerfeier mit vielen Emotionen | publisher=Hamburger Abendblatt | date = 16 November 2009 | access-date =1 April 2011 | language = de}} As a further mark of respect for their former team mate, the players of Hannover 96 displayed the number one in a circle on the breast of their jerseys, as approved by the DFL as a subtle tribute, for the rest of the 2009–10 Bundesliga season.{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/internationals/8379003.stm|title=Hannover pay tribute to Robert Enke with special shirt|work=BBC Sport |date=25 November 2009|access-date=25 November 2009}}

In 2019, a ten-year memorial event was held at a theatre hall in Hannover.{{Cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50377937 | title = Robert Enke: Remembering former Germany and Hannover goalkeeper, 10 years on | date = 12 November 2019 | website = BBC Sport | access-date = 12 November 2019 | first = Joe | last = Lynskey}}

Over the months after Enke's death, the number of railway suicides increased dramatically,{{cite news |last1=Cadenbach |first1=Christoph |title=Der Enke-Effekt |url=https://sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de/leben-und-gesellschaft/der-enke-effekt-77033 |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=SZ Magazin |date=18 February 2010 |language=de}} not only in Germany but, later research showed, several other nearby countries.{{cite journal|last1=Koburger|first1=Nicole|last2=Mergl|first2=Roland|last3=Rummel-Kluge|first3=Christine|last4=Ibelshäuser|first4=Angela|last5=Meise|first5=Ullrich|last6=Postuvan|first6=Vita|last7=Roskar|first7=Saska|last8=Székely|first8=András|last9=Tóth|first9=Monika Ditta|last10=van der Feltz-Cornelis|first10=Christina|last11=Hegerl|first11=Ulrich|title=Celebrity suicide on the railway network: Can one case trigger international effects?|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032715004036|journal=J. Affect. Disord.|date=2015|volume=185|pages=38–46|doi=10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.037|pmid=26143403 |access-date=12 May 2024}} This effect, more generally known as Werther effect, and was referred to as the {{vanchor|Enke effect}} ({{langx|de|Enke-Effekt}}) by German media. It was noted that coverage of Enke's suicide had many elements that researchers believe may encourage others to move forward with planned suicides: detailed descriptions of how he did it, down to the exact location, images of grieving fans leaving memorials at the stadium, and speculation as to whether his continuing despondence over his daughter's death or a football setback motivated him.{{cite news |title=Schreiben über Depression und Suizid: Der Enke-Effekt |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/der-enke-effekt-4881550.html |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |language=de-DE}}{{cite journal |last1=Robinson |first1=Warren C. |last2=Horlacher |first2=David E. |title=Evaluating the Economic Benefits of Fertility Reduction |journal=Studies in Family Planning |date=March 1969 |volume=1 |issue=39 |pages=4 |doi=10.2307/1964900|jstor=1964900 }}

Ronald Reng's biography A Life Too Short: The Tragedy of Robert Enke (2011) won the William Hill Sports Book of the Year in 2011.{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/nov/28/ronald-reng-robert-enke-book-award |title=Eloquent and sensitive story does justice to Robert Enke and his illness |work=The Guardian |first = Rob | last = Bagchi |date=28 November 2011 |access-date=26 November 2012}}{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/simon-briggs/8921247/Ronaldo-Rengs-biography-of-German-goalkeeper-Robert-Enke-A-Life-Too-Short-named-Sports-Book-of-the-Year.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/columnists/simon-briggs/8921247/Ronaldo-Rengs-biography-of-German-goalkeeper-Robert-Enke-A-Life-Too-Short-named-Sports-Book-of-the-Year.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Ronaldo Reng's biography of German goalkeeper Robert Enke 'A Life Too Short' named Sports Book of the Year |work=The Daily Telegraph | first = Simon | last = Briggs |date=28 November 2011 |access-date=26 November 2012}}{{cbignore}}

The German Football Association, Hannover 96 and the Deutsche Fußball Liga participated in a foundation in memory of Enke. The Robert Enke Foundation deals primarily with mental health of players.{{cite web | url = http://www.dfl.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000142342.php | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120731051103/http://www.dfl.de/de/liga/news/2009/index.php?f=0000142342.php | url-status = dead | archive-date = 31 July 2012 | title = Ligaverband beteiligt sich an Enke-Stiftung | language = de | date = 8 December 2009 | access-date = 1 April 2011 | publisher = dfl.de }}{{cite web | url = https://robert-enke-stiftung.de/ | title = Die Robert Enke Stiftung | language = de | website = Die Robert Enke Stiftung | access-date = 12 November 2019}}

{{notelist}}

Appearances by national team and year{{NFT player|id=8289|name=Robert Enke|accessdate=29 December 2020}}

Fenerbahçe

• Süper Lig: 2003–04

Germany

• UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2008

Individual

• kicker's Bundesliga Goalkeeper of the Year: 2006, 2009
• VDV's Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2008–09
• NFV's Footballer of the Year: 2007

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
• {{Worldfootball.net}}
• {{Fussballdaten}}
• {{NFT player}}
• {{ESPN FC}}
• [https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/theozwanzigereulogyrobertenkeenglish.htm Text, Audio, Video of Theo Zwanziger's Eulogy for Robert Enke]

{{Navboxes colour

|bg= white

|fg= black

|bordercolor= black

|title= Germany squads

|list1=

{{Germany squad 1999 FIFA Confederations Cup}}

{{Germany squad UEFA Euro 2008}}

}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Enke, Robert}}

Category:1977 births

Category:2009 suicides

Category:2009 deaths

Category:Suicides by train

Category:Suicides in Germany

Category:Footballers from Jena

Category:Sportspeople from Bezirk Gera

Category:German men's footballers

Category:Men's association football goalkeepers

Category:Germany men's international footballers

Category:Germany men's under-21 international footballers

Category:Germany men's B international footballers

Category:1999 FIFA Confederations Cup players

Category:UEFA Euro 2008 players

Category:FC Carl Zeiss Jena players

Category:Borussia Mönchengladbach players

Category:S.L. Benfica footballers

Category:FC Barcelona players

Category:Fenerbahçe S.K. footballers

Category:CD Tenerife players

Category:Hannover 96 players

Category:Bundesliga players

Category:2. Bundesliga players

Category:Primeira Liga players

Category:La Liga players

Category:Süper Lig players

Category:German expatriate men's footballers

Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal

Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Spain

Category:Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey

Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Portugal

Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Spain

Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Turkey

Category:German animal rights activists