Royal Institution Christmas Lectures#List of Christmas Lectures

{{short description|Annual UK Christmas scientific lecture series aimed at children, started 1825}}

{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}

File:Faraday Michael Christmas lecture detail.jpg delivering a Christmas Lecture in 1856]]

The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures are a series of lectures on a single topic each, which have been held at the Royal Institution in London each year since 1825. The lectures present scientific subjects to a general audience, including young people, in an informative and entertaining manner. Michael Faraday conceived and initiated the Christmas Lecture series in 1825, at a time when organised education for young people was scarce. Many of the Christmas Lectures were published.{{Cite web |last=Shaner |first=Arlene |date=2013-12-23 |title=The Christmas Lectures |url=https://nyamcenterforhistory.org/2013/12/23/the-christmas-lectures/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=New York Academy of Medicine |language=en}}

History

File:Candleburning.jpg"]]

The Royal Institution's Christmas Lectures were first held in 1825,{{cite news|last=Cole|first=Rupert|title=Science and Christmas: a forgotten Victorian romance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/dec/14/science-christmas-victorian-romance|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=14 December 2012}} and have continued on an annual basis since then except for four years during the Second World War.{{cite web|title=History of the Christmas Lectures|url=http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/history|publisher=The Royal Institution|access-date=22 April 2015}} They have been hosted each year at the Royal Institution itself, except in 1929 and between 2005 and 2006, each time due to refurbishment of the building.{{cite news|last=Highfield|first=Roger|title=Through the keyhole of the Royal Institution|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3300650/Through-the-keyhole-of-the-Royal-Institution.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923154834/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3300650/Through-the-keyhole-of-the-Royal-Institution.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2009|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=16 July 2007}} They were created by Michael Faraday, who later hosted the lecture season on nineteen occasions.

The Nobel laureate Sir William Bragg gave the Christmas lectures on four occasions, and his co-laureate son Sir Lawrence Bragg gave them twice. Other notable lecturers have included Desmond Morris (1964), Eric Laithwaite (1966 & 1974), Sir George Porter (1969 & 1976), Sir David Attenborough (1973), Heinz Wolff (1975), Carl Sagan (1977), Richard Dawkins (1991), Susan Greenfield (1994), Dame Nancy Rothwell (1998), Monica Grady (2003), Sue Hartley (2009), Alison Woollard (2013), Danielle George (2014), and Saiful Islam (2016).{{cite news|last=Baxter|first=Elizabeth|title=The secrets behind the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6840728/The-secrets-behind-the-Royal-Institution-Christmas-Lectures.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6840728/The-secrets-behind-the-Royal-Institution-Christmas-Lectures.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 December 2009}}{{cbignore}}[http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/professor-newcastle-becomes-only-sixth-7639217 Professor from Newcastle becomes only sixth woman to present Royal Institution Christmas Lectures], Newcastle Chronicle, 2014-08-19[http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch], The Royal Institution, 2018-10-02

In 1994, Professor Susan Greenfield became the first female scientist to present the Christmas Lectures. The first non-white science lecturer was Kevin Fong in 2015, and in August 2020 it was announced that Professor Christopher Jackson would jointly present the 2020 lecture series, thus becoming the first black scientist to do so.{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Nicola |date=22 August 2020 |title='I'm up for the fight': Chris Jackson to be first black scientist to give Christmas lecture |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/aug/22/christmas-lectures-first-black-presenter-chris-jackson |access-date=27 August 2020 |work=The Guardian}}

The props for the lectures are designed and created by the RI's science demonstration technician, a post which Faraday previously held. A popular technician, with the advent of television, serving from 1948 to 1986, was Bill Coates. The technician is informed of the general subject of the lectures during spring, but the specifics are not settled until September, with the recordings made in mid-December. By 2009, the lectures had expanded to a series of five sessions each year. However, in 2010 the Royal Institution cut back on costs, as it had become over £2 million in debt, and this resulted in a reduction from five sessions to three.{{cite news|last=Sample|first=Ian|title=Cash-strapped Royal Institution scales back Christmas lectures|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/aug/12/royal-institution-christmas-talks|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 August 2010}}

=Television=

A 15-minute preview of a Christmas Lecture by G. I. Taylor was the first to be televised, in December 1936, on the BBC's fledgling Television Service.{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/6424a3e20cf3442aa89fe74b6b6f4859|title = Broadcast - BBC Programme Index| date=22 December 1936 }} Occasional lectures were broadcast in the subsequent decades, and each series was broadcast in its entirety on BBC Two from 1966 to 1999 and Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004. In 2000, one of the lectures was broadcast live for the first time.

Following the end of Channel 4's contract to broadcast the lectures, there were concerns that they might simply be dropped from scheduling as the channel was negotiating with the Royal Institution over potential changes to the format, while the BBC announced that "The BBC will not show the lectures again, because it feels the broadcasting environment has moved on in the last four years."{{cite news|last=Adam|first=David|title=Christmas lectures threat|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/mar/26/science.media|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=26 March 2004}} Channel Five subsequently agreed to show the lectures from 2005 to 2008, an announcement which was met with derision from academics.{{cite news|last=Fazackerley|first=Anna|title=Academics scorn TV lecture move|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=193838§ioncode=26|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=Times Higher Education|date=4 February 2005}} The lectures were broadcast on More4 in 2009. In 2010, the lectures returned to the BBC after a ten-year absence from the broadcaster, and have been shown on BBC Four each year since then.{{cite news|title=Science lectures back on BBC|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/science-lectures-back-on-bbc-1-821532|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=17 August 2010}}

File:Royal Institution Lecture Theatre.jpg

In January 2022, the RI launched an appeal to trace copies of those televised lectures which are missing from the BBC's archives, these being the complete series of five lectures each from 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970 and 1971, plus one episode of David Attenborough's 1973 lectures, "The language of animals".{{cite web |title=Missing Christmas Lectures |url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/missing-lectures |publisher=Royal Institution |access-date=8 January 2022 }}

List of Christmas lectures

= 1825 to 1965 =

The following is a complete list of the Christmas Lectures from 1825 to 1965:

class="wikitable sortable"

! align="center" | Year

! align="left" | Lecturer(s)

! align="left" | Title of series

align="center" | 1825

| John Millington

| Experimental Philosophy

align="center" | 1826

| John Wallis{{cite book|last=James|first=Frank A. J. L.|title=Christmas at the Royal Institution|publisher=World Scientific|year=2007|page=xvii}}

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1827

| Michael Faraday

| Chemistry

align="center" | 1828

| George John Wood{{Cite news |last=Fincher |first=John |date=15 December 1828 |title=Lectures for a Juvenile Auditory at the Royal Institution of Great Britain |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002408/18281215/002/0001 |access-date=2025-01-09 |work=Morning Herald (London) |pages=1}}

| The History, Architecture, Rites, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs &c. of the Ancient World

align="center" | 1829

| Michael Faraday

| Electricity

align="center" | 1830

| Thomas Webster

| Geology

align="center" | 1831

| James Rennie

| Zoology

align="center" | 1832

| Michael Faraday

| Chemistry

align="center" | 1833

| John Lindley

| Botany

align="center" | 1834

| William Thomas Brande

| Chemistry

align="center" | 1835

| Michael Faraday

| Electricity

align="center" | 1836

| William Thomas Brande

| Chemistry of the Gases

align="center" | 1837

| Michael Faraday

| Chemistry

align="center" | 1838

| John Wallis

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1839

| William Thomas Brande

| The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and the Ocean

align="center" | 1840

| John Frederic Daniell

| The First Principles of Franklinic Electricity

align="center" | 1841

| Michael Faraday

| The Rudiments of Chemistry

align="center" | 1842

| William Thomas Brande

| The Chemistry of the Non-Metallic Elements

align="center" | 1843

| Michael Faraday

| First Principles of Electricity

align="center" | 1844

| William Thomas Brande

| The Chemistry of the Gases

align="center" | 1845

| Michael Faraday

| The Rudiments of Chemistry

align="center" | 1846

| John Wallis

| The Rudiments of Astronomy

align="center" | 1847

| William Thomas Brande

| The Elements of Organic Chemistry

align="center" | 1848

| Michael Faraday

| The Chemical History of a Candle

align="center" | 1849

| Robert Walker

| The Properties of Matter and the Laws of Motion

align="center" | 1850

| William Thomas Brande

| The Chemistry of Coal

align="center" | 1851

| rowspan=10|Michael Faraday

| Attractive Forces

align="center" | 1852

| Chemistry

align="center" | 1853

| Voltaic Electricity

align="center" | 1854

| The Chemistry of Combustion

align="center" | 1855

| The Distinctive Properties of the Common Metals

align="center" | 1856

| Attractive Forces

align="center" | 1857

| Static Electricity

align="center" | 1858

| The Metallic Properties

align="center" | 1859

| The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other

align="center" | 1860

| The Chemical History of a Candle

align="center" | 1861

| John Tyndall

| Light

align="center" | 1862

| Edward Frankland

| Air and Water

align="center" | 1863

| John Tyndall

| Electricity at Rest and Electricity in Motion

align="center" | 1864

| Edward Frankland

| The Chemistry of a Coal

align="center" | 1865

| John Tyndall

| Sound

align="center" | 1866

| Edward Frankland

| The Chemistry of Gases

align="center" | 1867

| John Tyndall

| Heat and Cold

align="center" | 1868

| William Odling

| The Chemical Changes of Carbon

align="center" | 1869

| John Tyndall

| Light

align="center" | 1870

| William Odling

| Burning and Unburning

align="center" | 1871

| John Tyndall

| Ice, Water, Vapour and Air

align="center" | 1872

| William Odling

| Air and Gas

align="center" | 1873

| John Tyndall

| The Motion and Sensation of Sound

align="center" | 1874

| John Hall Gladstone

| The Voltaic Battery

align="center" | 1875

| John Tyndall

| Experimental Electricity

align="center" | 1876

| John Hall Gladstone

| The Chemistry of Fire

align="center" | 1877

| John Tyndall

| Heat, Visible and Invisible

align="center" | 1878

| James Dewar

| A Soap Bubble

align="center" | 1879

| John Tyndall

| Water and Air

align="center" | 1880

| James Dewar

| Atoms

align="center" | 1881

| Robert Stawell Ball

| The Sun, the Moon and the Planets

align="center" | 1882

| John Tyndall

| Light and the Eye

align="center" | 1883

| James Dewar

| Alchemy in Relation to Modern Science

align="center" | 1884

| John Tyndall

| The Sources of Electricity

align="center" | 1885

| rowspan=2|James Dewar

| The Story of a Meteorite

align="center" | 1886

| The Chemistry of Light and Photography

align="center" | 1887

| Robert Stawell Ball

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1888

| James Dewar

| Clouds and Cloudland

align="center" | 1889

| Arthur Rücker

| Electricity

align="center" | 1890

| James Dewar

| Frost and Fire

align="center" | 1891

| John Gray McKendrick

| Life in Motion; or the Animal Machine

align="center" | 1892

| Robert Stawell Ball

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1893

| James Dewar

| Air: Gaseous and Liquid

align="center" | 1894

| John Ambrose Fleming

| The Work of an Electric Current

align="center" | 1895

| John Gray McKendrick

| Sound, Hearing and Speech

align="center" | 1896

| Sylvanus Phillips Thompson

| Light, Visible and Invisible

align="center" | 1897

| Oliver Lodge

| The Principles of the Electric Telegraph

align="center" | 1898

| Robert Stawell Ball

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1899

| Charles Vernon Boys

| Fluids in Motion and at Rest

align="center" | 1900

| Robert Stawell Ball

| Great Chapters from the Book of Nature

align="center" | 1901

| John Ambrose Fleming

| Waves and Ripples in Water, Air and Aether

align="center" | 1902

| Henry Selby Hele-Shaw

| Locomotion : On the Earth, Through the Water, in the Air

align="center" | 1903

| Edwin Ray Lankester

| Extinct Animals

align="center" | 1904

| Henry Cunynghame

| Ancient and Modern Methods of Measuring Time

align="center" | 1905

| Herbert Hall Turner

| Astronomy

align="center" | 1906

| William Duddell

| Signalling to a Distance

align="center" | 1907

| David Gill

| Astronomy, Old and New

align="center" | 1908

| William Stirling

| The Wheel of Life

align="center" | 1909

| William Duddell

| Modern Electricity

align="center" | 1910

| Silvanus Phillips Thompson

| Sound: Musical and Non-Musical

align="center" | 1911

| Peter Chalmers Mitchell

| The Childhood of Animals

align="center" | 1912

| James Dewar

| Christmas Lecture Epilogues

align="center" | 1913

| Herbert Hall Turner

| A Voyage in Space

align="center" | 1914

| Charles Vernon Boys

| Science in the Home

align="center" | 1915

| Herbert Hall Turner

| Wireless Messages from the Stars

align="center" | 1916

| Arthur Keith

| The Human Machine Which All Must Work

align="center" | 1917

| John Ambrose Fleming

| Our Useful Servants : Magnetism and Electricity

align="center" | 1918

| D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson

| The Fish of the Sea

align="center" | 1919

| William Henry Bragg

| The World of Sound

align="center" | 1920

| John Arthur Thomson

| The Haunts of Life

align="center" | 1921

| John Ambrose Fleming

| Electric Waves and Wireless Telephony

align="center" | 1922

| Herbert Hall Turner

| Six Steps Up the Ladder to the Stars

align="center" | 1923

| William Henry Bragg

| Concerning the Nature of Things

align="center" | 1924

| Francis Balfour-Browne

| Concerning the Habits of Insects

align="center" | 1925

| William Henry Bragg

| Old Trades and New Knowledge

align="center" | 1926

| Archibald Vivian Hill

| Nerves and Muscles: How We Feel and Move

align="center" | 1927

| Edward Andrade

| Engines

align="center" | 1928

| Alexander Wood

| Sound Waves and their Uses

align="center" | 1929

| Stephen Glanville

| How Things Were Done in Ancient Egypt

align="center" | 1930

| Arthur Mannering Tyndall

| The Electric Spark

align="center" | 1931

| William Henry Bragg

| The Universe of Light

align="center" | 1932

| Alexander Oliver Rankine

| The Round of the Waters

align="center" | 1933

| James Hopwood Jeans

| Through Space and Time

align="center" | 1934

| William Lawrence Bragg

| Electricity

align="center" | 1935

| Charles Edward Kenneth Mees

| Photography

align="center" | 1936

| Geoffrey Ingram Taylor

| Ships

align="center" | 1937

| Julian Huxley

| Rare Animals and the Disappearance of Wild Life

align="center" | 1938

| James Kendall

| Young Chemists and Great Discoveries

align="center" | 1939–1942

! colspan="2" | No lectures due to the Second World War

align="center" | 1943

| Edward Andrade

| Vibrations and Waves

align="center" | 1944

| Harold Spencer Jones

| Astronomy in our Daily Life

align="center" | 1945

| Robert Watson-Watt

| Wireless

align="center" | 1946

| Hamilton Hartridge

| Colours and How We See Them

align="center" | 1947

| Eric Keightley Rideal

| Chemical Reactions: How They Work

align="center" | 1948

| Frederic Bartlett

| The Mind at Work and Play

align="center" | 1949

| Percy Dunsheath

| The Electric Current

align="center" | 1950

| Edward Andrade

| Waves and Vibrations

align="center" | 1951

| James Gray

| How Animals Move

align="center" | 1952

| Frank Sherwood Taylor

| How Science Has Grown

align="center" | 1953

| John Ashworth Ratcliffe

| The Uses of Radio Waves

align="center" | 1954

| Frank Whittle

| The Story of Petroleum

align="center" | 1955

| Harry W. Melville

| Big Molecules

align="center" | 1956

| Harry Baines

| Photography

align="center" | 1957

| Julian Huxley and James Fisher

| Birds

align="center" | 1958

| John Ashworth Ratcliffe,
James M. Stagg,
Robert L. F. Boyd,
Graham Sutton,
George E. R. Deacon,
Gordon de Quetteville Robin

| International Geophysical Year

align="center" | 1959

| Thomas Allibone

| The Release and Use of Atomic Energy

align="center" | 1960

| Vernon Ellis Cosslett

| Seeing the Very Small

align="center" | 1961

| William Lawrence Bragg

| Electricity

align="center" | 1962

| R. E. D. (Richard Evelyn Donohue) Bishop

| Vibration

align="center" | 1963

| Ronald King

| Energy

align="center" | 1964

| Desmond Morris

| Animal Behaviour

align="center" | 1965

| Bernard Lovell,
Francis Graham-Smith,
Martin Ryle,
Antony Hewish

| Exploration of the Universe

= Since 1966 =

The following is a list of televised Christmas Lectures from 1966 onward {{As of|2023|12|lc=on}}:

class="wikitable sortable"

! align="center" | Year

! align="left" | Lecturer(s)

! align="left" | Title of series

! align="left" | Lecture titles

! align="left" | Network

align="center" | 1966

| Eric Laithwaite

| The Engineer in Wonderland{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1966-12-27#at-17.00|title=BBC Two England - 27 December 1966 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. The White Rabbit

2. Only the Grin was Left

3. The Caucus Race

4. Curiouser and Curiouser

5. If only I were the right size to do it

6. It's the Oldest Rule in the Book

| rowspan="34" | BBC Two

align="center" | 1967

| Richard L. Gregory

| The Intelligent Eye{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1967-12-28#at-19.00|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1967 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. Ancient Eyes and Simple Brains

2. Learning to See Things

3. Playing with Illusions

4. How Illusions Play Games with Us

5. Human Eyes in Space

6. The Future-Machines that See?

align="center" | 1968

| Philip Morrison

| Gulliver's Laws: The Physics of Large and Small{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1968-12-28#at-18.00|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1968 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. The World of Captain Gulliver

2. Meat and Drink Sufficient...

3. A Prodigious Leap?

4. Lilliput and Brobdingnag since the Industrial Revolution

5. Dwarf and Giant Numbers

6. Beyond the Map

align="center" | 1969

| George Porter

| Time Machines{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1970-01-04#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 4 January 1970 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. In the Beginning...

2. Clockwork Harmony

3. The Tick of the Atom

4. Big Time, Little Time

5. Faster, Faster

6. To the Ends of Time

align="center" | 1970

| John Napier

| Monkeys Without Tails: A Giraffe's Eye-view of Man{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1971-01-03#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 3 January 1971 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. Man has a very short neck and no tail

2. Man comes in several different sizes and shapes

3. Fancy having to climb trees in order to eat

4. Man chooses a sensible place to live at last

5. Why choose to walk on two legs when it is much safer on four?

6. What's the idea of shooting at us?

align="center" | 1971

| Charles Taylor

| Sounds of Music: The Science of Tones and Tune{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1972-01-02#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 2 January 1972 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. Making and Measuring the Waves

2. From Small Beginnings

3. Growing and Changing

4. Craftsmanship and Technology

5. On the Way to the Ear

6. The End of the Journey

align="center" | 1972

| Geoffrey G. Gouriet

| Ripples in the Ether: The Science of Radio Communication{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1972-12-31#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 31 December 1972 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. How It All Began

2. Getting Rid of the Wires

3. The Sound of Broadcasting

4. Pictures With and Without Wires

5. But Electrons aren't Coloured!

6. Vision of the Future

align="center" | 1973

| David Attenborough

| The Language of Animals

| 1. Beware!

2. Be Mine

3. Parents and Children

4. Simple Signs and Complicated Communications (lost from archives )

5. Foreign Languages

6. Animal Language, Human Language

align="center" | 1974

| Eric Laithwaite

| The Engineer Through the Looking Glass

|1. Looking Glass House

2. Tweedledum and Tweedledee

3. Jam Yesterday, Jam Tomorrow

4. The Jabberwock

5. The Time has come the Walrus said

6. It's my own Invention

align="center" | 1975

| Heinz Wolff

| Signals from the Interior

|1. You as an engine

2. Pumps pipes and flows

3. Spikes and waves

4. Probes, sondes and sounds

5. Looking through your skin

6. Signals from the mind

align="center" | 1976

| George Porter

| The Natural History of a Sunbeam{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1977-01-02#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 2 January 1977 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. First Light

2. Light and Life

3. A Leaf from Nature

4. Candles from the Sun

5. Making Light Work

6. Survival Under the Sun

align="center" | 1977

| Carl Sagan

| The Planets

|1. The Earth as a Planet

2. The Outer Solar System and Life

3. The History of Mars

4. Mars before Viking

5. Mars after Viking

6. Planetary Systems Beyond Our Sun

align="center" | 1978

| Erik Christopher Zeeman

| Mathematics into Pictures

|1. Linking and Knotting

2. Numbers and Geometry

3. Infinity and Perspective

4. Games and Evolution

5. Waves and Music

6. Catastrophe and Psychology

align="center" | 1979

| Eric M. Rogers

| Atoms for Engineering Minds: A Circus of Experiments{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1979-12-31#at-17.40|title=BBC Two England - 31 December 1979 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. Getting to Know Atoms

2. Molecules in Motion

3. Electrified Atoms

4. Atoms that Explode

5. Atoms and Energy

6. Seeing Atoms at Last

align="center" | 1980

| David Chilton Phillips
with Max Perutz in Lecture 5

| The Chicken, the Egg and the Molecules

|1. What are chickens made of?

2. Machine tools of life

3. Muscle power

4. Eggs, genes and proteins

5. Haemoglobin: the breathing molecule

6. Molecules at work

align="center" | 1981

| Reginald Victor Jones

| From Magna Carta to Microchip{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1981-12-28#at-19.05|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1981 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. Principles, Standards and Methods

2. The Measurement of Time

3. More and More About Less and Less

4. Onwards to the Stars

5. Measurement and Navigation in War

6. Some Impacts of Measurement on Life: And Can We Take it too Far?

align="center" | 1982

| Colin Blakemore

| Common Sense{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1982-12-29#at-14.55|title=BBC Two England - 29 December 1982 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. Making Sense

2. The Sound of Silence

3. The Sixth Sense - and the Rest

4. Show Me the Way to Go Home

5. Vive la différence

6. Enchanted Loom

align="center" | 1983

| Leonard Maunder

| Machines in Motion{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1983-12-27#at-15.25|title=BBC Two England - 27 December 1983 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. Driving Forces

2. Gathering Momentum

3. Vibration

4. Under Control

5. Fluids and Flight

6. Living Machines

align="center" | 1984

| Walter Bodmer

| The Message of the Genes{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1985-01-01#at-17.10|title=BBC Two England - 1 January 1985 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. We're All Different

2. The Spice of Life

3. Genetic Engineering

4. Bodies and Antibodies

5. Normal Cells and Cancer Cells

6. When Will Pigs Have Wings?

align="center" | 1985

| John David Pye

| Communicating{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1986-01-06#at-17.00|title=BBC Two England - 6 January 1986 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. No Man is an Island

2. Animal Talk

3. The Bionic Bat

4. The Pace of Technology

5. The Integrated Body

6. Computers

align="center" | 1986

| Lewis Wolpert

| Frankenstein's Quest: Development of Life{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1987-01-05#at-16.30|title=BBC Two England - 5 January 1987 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}}

|1. First Take an Egg...

2. The Medium and the Message

3. The Right Stuff

4. Genes and Flies

5. Chain of Command

6. Growing Up and Growing Old

align="center" | 1987

| John Meurig Thomas and David Phillips

| Crystals and Lasers

|1. The Micro-world

2. The architecture of crystals

3. Crystal Miracles

4. Constructing a LASER

5. The Light Fantastic

6. Crystals, lasers and the human body

align="center" | 1988

| Gareth Roberts

| The Home of the Future{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1988-12-28|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1988 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. Appliance Science

2. Home, Safe Home

3. Electronics for Pleasure

4. Home, Smart Home

5. Mixers, Meters and Molecules

align="center" | 1989

| Charles Taylor

| Exploring Music{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1989-12-27|title=BBC Two England - 27 December 1989 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}}

|1. What Is Music?

2. The Essence of an Instrument

3. Science, Strings and Symphonies

4. Technology, Trumpets and Tunes

5. Scales, Synthesisers and Samplers

align="center" | 1990

| Malcolm Longair

| Origins{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1990-12-27|title=BBC Two England - 27 December 1990 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-19}}

|1. The Grand Design

2. The Birth of the Stars

3. The Origin of Quasars

4. The Origin of the Galaxies

5. The Origin of the Universe

align="center" | 1991

| Richard Dawkins

| Growing Up in the Universe

|1. Waking Up in the Universe

2. Designed and Designoid Objects

3. Climbing Mount Improbable

4. The Ultraviolet Garden

5. The Genesis of Purpose

align="center" | 1992

| Charles J. M. Stirling

| Our World Through the Looking Glass

|1. Man in the Mirror

2. Narwhals, Palindromes and Chesterfield Station

3. The Handed Molecule

4. Symmetry, Sensation and Sex

5. In the Hands of Giants

align="center" | 1993

| Frank Close

| The Cosmic Onion

|1. A is for Atoms

2. To the Centre of the Sun

3. Invaders from Outer Space

4. Anti-Matter Matters

5. An Hour to Make the Universe

align="center" | 1994

| Susan Greenfield

| Journey to the Centre of the Brain{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/21966066eccf4cd88c58f4cc64b3999e|title=Issue 3701 - 15 December 1994 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|date=12 October 1994 |access-date=2017-03-19}}{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a98163af23f4516a222adfef11e0d12|title=Issue 3702 - 29 December 1994 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|date=19 October 1994 |access-date=2017-03-19}}

|1. The Electric Ape

2. Through a Glass Darkly

3. Bubble Bubble Toil and Trouble

4. The Seven Ages of the Brain

5. The Mind's I

align="center" | 1995

| James Jackson

| Planet Earth, An Explorer's Guide

|1. On the Edge of the World

2. Secrets of the Deep

3. Volcanoes: Melting the Earth

4. The Puzzle of the Continents

5. Waterworld

align="center" | 1996

| Simon Conway Morris

| The History in our Bones{{Cite web|url=http://www.ri.ac.uk/Christmas/1996/ |title=RIGB Christmas Lectures |date=2001-05-04 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010504220047/http://www.ri.ac.uk/Christmas/1996/ |archive-date= 4 May 2001 }}

|1. Staring into the Abyss

2. The Fossils Come Alive

3. The Great Dyings: Life after Death

4. Innovations And Novelty

5. Feet on the Ground, Head in the Stars: The History of Man

align="center" | 1997

| Ian Stewart

| The Magical Maze

|1. Sunflowers and Snowflakes

2. The Pattern of Tiny Feet

3. Outrageous Fortune

4. Chaos and Cauliflowers

5. Fearful Symmetry

align="center" | 1998

| Nancy Rothwell

| Staying Alive

|1. Sense and Sensitivity

2. Fats and figures

3. Chilling out

4. Times of our lives

5. Pushing the limits

align="center" | 1999

| Neil F. Johnson

| Arrows of Time{{Cite web |date=1999-12-01 |title=Arrows of time – Back to the future (1999) {{!}} Royal Institution |url=https://www.rigb.org/explore-science/explore/video/arrows-time-back-future-1999 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=www.rigb.org |language=en}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/rilectures/ |title=BBC Online - Science - Royal Institution Christmas Lectures |date=2001-09-13 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010913002724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rilectures/ |archive-date=13 September 2001 }}

|1. Back to the Future

2. Catching the Waves

3. The Quantum Leap

4. Edge of Chaos

5. Shaping the Future

align="center" | 2000

| Kevin Warwick

| Rise of the Robots{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/robots/ri.html |title=Robots - Royal Institution |date=2002-02-06 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020206070624/http://www.channel4.com/robots/ri.html |archive-date= 6 February 2002 }}

|1. Anatomy of an Android

2. Things That Think

3. Remote Robots

4. Bionic Bodies

5. I, Robot

| rowspan="5"|Channel 4

align="center" | 2001

| John Sulston

| The Secrets of Life{{Cite web|url=http://bufvc.ac.uk/dvdfind/index.php/title/av35012|title=Secrets of Life, The (Ri Christmas Lectures 2001) · British Universities Film & Video Council|website=bufvc.ac.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-03-19}}

|1. What is life?

2. How do I grow?

3. What am I?

4. Can we fix it?

5. Future of life?

align="center" | 2002

| Tony Ryan

| Smart Stuff{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/learning/microsites/S/smartstuff/lectures.html |title=smart stuff* - lectures |date=2003-04-05 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030405082500/http://www.channel4.com/learning/microsites/S/smartstuff/lectures.html |archive-date= 5 April 2003 }}

|1. The Spider that Spun a Suspension Bridge

2. The Trainer That Ran Over The World

3. The Phone that Shrank the Planet

4. The Plaster that Stretches Life

5. The Ice Cream that Will Freeze Granny

align="center" | 2003

| Monica Grady

| Voyage in Space and Time{{Cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-royal-institution-christmas-lectures/episode-guide|title=The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures - Episode Guide - All 4|website=www.channel4.com|language=en|access-date=2017-03-19}}

|1. Blast Off

2. Mission to Mars

3. Planet Patrol

4. Collision Course

5. Anybody Out There?

align="center" | 2004

| Lloyd Peck

| Antarctica

|1. Ice People

2. Ice Life

3. Ice World

align="center" | 2005

| John Krebs

| The Truth About Food

|1. The ape that cooks

2. Yuck or yummy?

3. You are what you eat

4. When food goes wrong

5. Food for the future

| rowspan="4"|Channel Five

align="center" | 2006

| Marcus du Sautoy

| The Num8er My5teries{{Cite web|url=http://www.rigb.org/contentControl?action=displayContent&id=00000001980 |title=The Royal Institution of Great Britain {{!}} The number mysteries - The 2006 RI Christmas Lectures Microsite |date=2010-05-07 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100507080223/http://www.rigb.org/contentControl?action=displayContent&id=00000001980 |archive-date= 7 May 2010 }}

|1. The curious incident of the never-ending numbers

2. The quest to predict the future

3. The story of the elusive shapes

4. The case of the uncrackable code

5. The secret of the winning streak

align="center" | 2007

| Hugh Montgomery

| Back from the Brink: The Science of Survival

|1. Peak Performance

2. Completely Stuffed

3. Grilled and Chilled

4. Fight, Flight and Fright

5. Luck, Genes and Stupidity

align="center" | 2008

| Christopher Bishop

|Hi-tech Trek

|1. Breaking the Speed Limit

2. Chips with Everything

3. The Ghost in the Machine

4. Untangling the Web

5. Digital Intelligence

align="center" | 2009

| Sue Hartley

|The 300-Million-Year War

|1. Plant Wars

2. The Animals Strike Back

3. Talking Trees

4. Dangerous to Delicious

5. Weapons of the Future

| More4

align="center" | 2010

| Mark Miodownik

|Size Matters

|1. Why Elephants Can't Dance but Hamsters Can Skydive

2. Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't

3. Why Mountains Are So Small

| rowspan="15" |BBC Four

align="center" | 2011

| Bruce Hood

| Meet Your Brain{{Cite journal

| pmid = 24260513

| pmc = 3829909

| year = 2013

| last1 = Gjersoe

| first1 = N. L.

| title = Changing children's understanding of the brain: A longitudinal study of the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures as a measure of public engagement

| journal = PLOS ONE

| volume = 8

| issue = 11

| pages = e80928

| last2 = Hood

| first2 = B

| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0080928

| bibcode = 2013PLoSO...880928G

| doi-access = free

}}

|1. What's in your head?

2. Who's in charge here anyway?

3. Are you thinking what I'm thinking?

align="center" | 2012

| Peter Wothers

| The Modern Alchemist

|1. Air: the elixir of life

2. Water: the fountain of youth

3. Earth: the philosopher's stone

align="center" | 2013

| Alison Woollard

| Life Fantastic

|1. Where do I come from?

2. Am I a Mutant?

3. Could I live forever?

align="center" | 2014

| Danielle George

| Sparks will fly: How to Hack your Home

|1. The light bulb moment

2. Making contact

3. A new revolution

align="center" | 2015

| Kevin Fong

| How to survive in space

|1. Lift off!

2. Life in Orbit

3. The next frontier

align="center" | 2016

| Saiful Islam

| Supercharged: Fuelling the future

|1. Let there be light!

2. People Power

3. Fully charged

align="center" | 2017

| Sophie Scott

| The Language of Life

|1. Say it with Sound

2. Silent Messages

3. The Word

align="center" | 2018

| Alice Roberts

Aoife McLysaght

| Who am I?{{Cite web|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2018-who-am-i|title=Christmas Lectures 2018: Who am I?|website=Royal Institution|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023210336/https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2018-who-am-i|url-status=dead}}

|1. Where Do I Come From?

2. What Makes Me Human?

3. What Makes Me, Me?

align="center" | 2019

| Hannah Fry

| Secrets and Lies: The Hidden Power of Maths{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000crby|title=BBC Four – Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, 2019|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-27}}

|1. How to Get Lucky

2. How to Bend the Rules

3. How Can We All Win?

2020

|Christopher Jackson

Helen Czerski

Tara Shine

|Planet Earth: A user's guide{{Cite web|title=CHRISTMAS LECTURES 2020: Planet Earth: A user's guide|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2020-planet-earth-a-users-guide|access-date=2020-08-30|website=rigb.org|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423083900/https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2020-planet-earth-a-users-guide|url-status=dead}}

|1. Earth Engine

2. Water World

3. Up in the Air

2021

|Jonathan Van-Tam

|Going viral: How Covid changed science forever{{Cite web|title=CHRISTMAS LECTURES 2021|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2021-going-viral-how-covid-changed-science-forever|website=rigb.org|language=en}}

|1. The Invisible Enemy

2. The Perfect Storm

3. Fighting Back

2022

|Sue Black

|Secrets of Forensic Science{{Cite web|title=2022 Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/secrets-forensic-science|website=rigb.org|language=en|access-date=16 December 2022}}

|1. Dead Body

2. Missing Body

3. Living Body

2023

|Michael Wooldridge

|The Truth about AI{{Cite web |title=The Truth about AI |website=www.rigb.org |access-date=2023-09-13 |url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/truth-about-ai}}

  • https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/partnering-the-royal-institution-christmas-lectures
  • CGI Inc.
  • https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/cgi-are-title-partner-christmas-lectures

|1. How to Build an Intelligent Machine

2. My AI Life

3. The Future of AI: Dream or Nightmare?

2024

|Chris van Tulleken{{Cite web|title=Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures|website=rigb.org|language=en|access-date=30 October 2024}}

|The Truth About Food

|1. From Tastebuds to Toilet

2. How Food Makes Us

3. The Big Food Hack

References

{{reflist}}