Royal Institution Christmas Lectures#List of Christmas Lectures
{{short description|Annual UK Christmas scientific lecture series aimed at children, started 1825}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
File:Faraday Michael Christmas lecture detail.jpg delivering a Christmas Lecture in 1856]]
The Royal Institution Christmas Lectures are a series of lectures on a single topic each, which have been held at the Royal Institution in London each year since 1825. The lectures present scientific subjects to a general audience, including young people, in an informative and entertaining manner. Michael Faraday conceived and initiated the Christmas Lecture series in 1825, at a time when organised education for young people was scarce. Many of the Christmas Lectures were published.{{Cite web |last=Shaner |first=Arlene |date=2013-12-23 |title=The Christmas Lectures |url=https://nyamcenterforhistory.org/2013/12/23/the-christmas-lectures/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |website=New York Academy of Medicine |language=en}}
History
The Royal Institution's Christmas Lectures were first held in 1825,{{cite news|last=Cole|first=Rupert|title=Science and Christmas: a forgotten Victorian romance|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2012/dec/14/science-christmas-victorian-romance|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=14 December 2012}} and have continued on an annual basis since then except for four years during the Second World War.{{cite web|title=History of the Christmas Lectures|url=http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/history|publisher=The Royal Institution|access-date=22 April 2015}} They have been hosted each year at the Royal Institution itself, except in 1929 and between 2005 and 2006, each time due to refurbishment of the building.{{cite news|last=Highfield|first=Roger|title=Through the keyhole of the Royal Institution|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3300650/Through-the-keyhole-of-the-Royal-Institution.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923154834/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/3300650/Through-the-keyhole-of-the-Royal-Institution.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2009|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=16 July 2007}} They were created by Michael Faraday, who later hosted the lecture season on nineteen occasions.
The Nobel laureate Sir William Bragg gave the Christmas lectures on four occasions, and his co-laureate son Sir Lawrence Bragg gave them twice. Other notable lecturers have included Desmond Morris (1964), Eric Laithwaite (1966 & 1974), Sir George Porter (1969 & 1976), Sir David Attenborough (1973), Heinz Wolff (1975), Carl Sagan (1977), Richard Dawkins (1991), Susan Greenfield (1994), Dame Nancy Rothwell (1998), Monica Grady (2003), Sue Hartley (2009), Alison Woollard (2013), Danielle George (2014), and Saiful Islam (2016).{{cite news|last=Baxter|first=Elizabeth|title=The secrets behind the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6840728/The-secrets-behind-the-Royal-Institution-Christmas-Lectures.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/6840728/The-secrets-behind-the-Royal-Institution-Christmas-Lectures.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=18 December 2009}}{{cbignore}}[http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/professor-newcastle-becomes-only-sixth-7639217 Professor from Newcastle becomes only sixth woman to present Royal Institution Christmas Lectures], Newcastle Chronicle, 2014-08-19[http://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch], The Royal Institution, 2018-10-02
In 1994, Professor Susan Greenfield became the first female scientist to present the Christmas Lectures. The first non-white science lecturer was Kevin Fong in 2015, and in August 2020 it was announced that Professor Christopher Jackson would jointly present the 2020 lecture series, thus becoming the first black scientist to do so.{{cite news |last1=Davis |first1=Nicola |date=22 August 2020 |title='I'm up for the fight': Chris Jackson to be first black scientist to give Christmas lecture |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/aug/22/christmas-lectures-first-black-presenter-chris-jackson |access-date=27 August 2020 |work=The Guardian}}
The props for the lectures are designed and created by the RI's science demonstration technician, a post which Faraday previously held. A popular technician, with the advent of television, serving from 1948 to 1986, was Bill Coates. The technician is informed of the general subject of the lectures during spring, but the specifics are not settled until September, with the recordings made in mid-December. By 2009, the lectures had expanded to a series of five sessions each year. However, in 2010 the Royal Institution cut back on costs, as it had become over £2 million in debt, and this resulted in a reduction from five sessions to three.{{cite news|last=Sample|first=Ian|title=Cash-strapped Royal Institution scales back Christmas lectures|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/aug/12/royal-institution-christmas-talks|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=12 August 2010}}
=Television=
A 15-minute preview of a Christmas Lecture by G. I. Taylor was the first to be televised, in December 1936, on the BBC's fledgling Television Service.{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/6424a3e20cf3442aa89fe74b6b6f4859|title = Broadcast - BBC Programme Index| date=22 December 1936 }} Occasional lectures were broadcast in the subsequent decades, and each series was broadcast in its entirety on BBC Two from 1966 to 1999 and Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004. In 2000, one of the lectures was broadcast live for the first time.
Following the end of Channel 4's contract to broadcast the lectures, there were concerns that they might simply be dropped from scheduling as the channel was negotiating with the Royal Institution over potential changes to the format, while the BBC announced that "The BBC will not show the lectures again, because it feels the broadcasting environment has moved on in the last four years."{{cite news|last=Adam|first=David|title=Christmas lectures threat|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2004/mar/26/science.media|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=26 March 2004}} Channel Five subsequently agreed to show the lectures from 2005 to 2008, an announcement which was met with derision from academics.{{cite news|last=Fazackerley|first=Anna|title=Academics scorn TV lecture move|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=193838§ioncode=26|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=Times Higher Education|date=4 February 2005}} The lectures were broadcast on More4 in 2009. In 2010, the lectures returned to the BBC after a ten-year absence from the broadcaster, and have been shown on BBC Four each year since then.{{cite news|title=Science lectures back on BBC|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/science-lectures-back-on-bbc-1-821532|access-date=15 December 2012|newspaper=The Scotsman|date=17 August 2010}}
File:Royal Institution Lecture Theatre.jpg
In January 2022, the RI launched an appeal to trace copies of those televised lectures which are missing from the BBC's archives, these being the complete series of five lectures each from 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970 and 1971, plus one episode of David Attenborough's 1973 lectures, "The language of animals".{{cite web |title=Missing Christmas Lectures |url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/missing-lectures |publisher=Royal Institution |access-date=8 January 2022 }}
List of Christmas lectures
= 1825 to 1965 =
The following is a complete list of the Christmas Lectures from 1825 to 1965:
class="wikitable sortable"
! align="center" | Year ! align="left" | Lecturer(s) ! align="left" | Title of series |
align="center" | 1825
| Experimental Philosophy |
---|
align="center" | 1826
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1827
| Chemistry |
align="center" | 1828
| The History, Architecture, Rites, Ceremonies, Manners, Customs &c. of the Ancient World |
align="center" | 1829
| Electricity |
align="center" | 1830
| Geology |
align="center" | 1831
| Zoology |
align="center" | 1832
| Chemistry |
align="center" | 1833
| Botany |
align="center" | 1834
| Chemistry |
align="center" | 1835
| Electricity |
align="center" | 1836
| Chemistry of the Gases |
align="center" | 1837
| Chemistry |
align="center" | 1838
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1839
| The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and the Ocean |
align="center" | 1840
| The First Principles of Franklinic Electricity |
align="center" | 1841
| The Rudiments of Chemistry |
align="center" | 1842
| The Chemistry of the Non-Metallic Elements |
align="center" | 1843
| First Principles of Electricity |
align="center" | 1844
| The Chemistry of the Gases |
align="center" | 1845
| The Rudiments of Chemistry |
align="center" | 1846
| The Rudiments of Astronomy |
align="center" | 1847
| The Elements of Organic Chemistry |
align="center" | 1848 |
align="center" | 1849
| Robert Walker | The Properties of Matter and the Laws of Motion |
align="center" | 1850
| The Chemistry of Coal |
align="center" | 1851
| rowspan=10|Michael Faraday | Attractive Forces |
align="center" | 1852
| Chemistry |
align="center" | 1853
| Voltaic Electricity |
align="center" | 1854
| The Chemistry of Combustion |
align="center" | 1855
| The Distinctive Properties of the Common Metals |
align="center" | 1856
| Attractive Forces |
align="center" | 1857
| Static Electricity |
align="center" | 1858
| The Metallic Properties |
align="center" | 1859
| The Various Forces of Matter and their Relations to Each Other |
align="center" | 1860
| The Chemical History of a Candle |
align="center" | 1861
| Light |
align="center" | 1862
| Air and Water |
align="center" | 1863
| Electricity at Rest and Electricity in Motion |
align="center" | 1864
| The Chemistry of a Coal |
align="center" | 1865
| Sound |
align="center" | 1866
| The Chemistry of Gases |
align="center" | 1867
| Heat and Cold |
align="center" | 1868
| The Chemical Changes of Carbon |
align="center" | 1869
| Light |
align="center" | 1870
| Burning and Unburning |
align="center" | 1871
| Ice, Water, Vapour and Air |
align="center" | 1872
| Air and Gas |
align="center" | 1873
| The Motion and Sensation of Sound |
align="center" | 1874
| The Voltaic Battery |
align="center" | 1875
| Experimental Electricity |
align="center" | 1876
| The Chemistry of Fire |
align="center" | 1877
| Heat, Visible and Invisible |
align="center" | 1878
| A Soap Bubble |
align="center" | 1879
| Water and Air |
align="center" | 1880
| Atoms |
align="center" | 1881
| The Sun, the Moon and the Planets |
align="center" | 1882
| Light and the Eye |
align="center" | 1883
| Alchemy in Relation to Modern Science |
align="center" | 1884
| The Sources of Electricity |
align="center" | 1885
| rowspan=2|James Dewar | The Story of a Meteorite |
align="center" | 1886
| The Chemistry of Light and Photography |
align="center" | 1887
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1888
| Clouds and Cloudland |
align="center" | 1889
| Electricity |
align="center" | 1890
| Frost and Fire |
align="center" | 1891
| Life in Motion; or the Animal Machine |
align="center" | 1892
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1893
| Air: Gaseous and Liquid |
align="center" | 1894
| The Work of an Electric Current |
align="center" | 1895
| Sound, Hearing and Speech |
align="center" | 1896
| Light, Visible and Invisible |
align="center" | 1897
| The Principles of the Electric Telegraph |
align="center" | 1898
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1899
| Fluids in Motion and at Rest |
align="center" | 1900
| Great Chapters from the Book of Nature |
align="center" | 1901
| Waves and Ripples in Water, Air and Aether |
align="center" | 1902
| Locomotion : On the Earth, Through the Water, in the Air |
align="center" | 1903
| Extinct Animals |
align="center" | 1904
| Henry Cunynghame | Ancient and Modern Methods of Measuring Time |
align="center" | 1905
| Astronomy |
align="center" | 1906
| Signalling to a Distance |
align="center" | 1907
| Astronomy, Old and New |
align="center" | 1908
| The Wheel of Life |
align="center" | 1909
| Modern Electricity |
align="center" | 1910
| Sound: Musical and Non-Musical |
align="center" | 1911
| The Childhood of Animals |
align="center" | 1912
| Christmas Lecture Epilogues |
align="center" | 1913
| A Voyage in Space |
align="center" | 1914
| Science in the Home |
align="center" | 1915
| Wireless Messages from the Stars |
align="center" | 1916
| The Human Machine Which All Must Work |
align="center" | 1917
| Our Useful Servants : Magnetism and Electricity |
align="center" | 1918
| The Fish of the Sea |
align="center" | 1919
| The World of Sound |
align="center" | 1920
| The Haunts of Life |
align="center" | 1921
| Electric Waves and Wireless Telephony |
align="center" | 1922
| Six Steps Up the Ladder to the Stars |
align="center" | 1923
| Concerning the Nature of Things |
align="center" | 1924
| Concerning the Habits of Insects |
align="center" | 1925
| Old Trades and New Knowledge |
align="center" | 1926
| Nerves and Muscles: How We Feel and Move |
align="center" | 1927
| Engines |
align="center" | 1928
| Sound Waves and their Uses |
align="center" | 1929
| How Things Were Done in Ancient Egypt |
align="center" | 1930
| The Electric Spark |
align="center" | 1931
| The Universe of Light |
align="center" | 1932
| The Round of the Waters |
align="center" | 1933
| Through Space and Time |
align="center" | 1934
| Electricity |
align="center" | 1935
| Photography |
align="center" | 1936
| Ships |
align="center" | 1937
| Rare Animals and the Disappearance of Wild Life |
align="center" | 1938
| Young Chemists and Great Discoveries |
align="center" | 1939–1942
! colspan="2" | No lectures due to the Second World War |
align="center" | 1943
| Vibrations and Waves |
align="center" | 1944
| Astronomy in our Daily Life |
align="center" | 1945
| Wireless |
align="center" | 1946
| Colours and How We See Them |
align="center" | 1947
| Chemical Reactions: How They Work |
align="center" | 1948
| The Mind at Work and Play |
align="center" | 1949
| Percy Dunsheath | The Electric Current |
align="center" | 1950
| Waves and Vibrations |
align="center" | 1951
| How Animals Move |
align="center" | 1952
| How Science Has Grown |
align="center" | 1953
| The Uses of Radio Waves |
align="center" | 1954
| The Story of Petroleum |
align="center" | 1955
| Big Molecules |
align="center" | 1956
| Harry Baines | Photography |
align="center" | 1957
| Julian Huxley and James Fisher | Birds |
align="center" | 1958
| John Ashworth Ratcliffe, |
align="center" | 1959
| The Release and Use of Atomic Energy |
align="center" | 1960
| Seeing the Very Small |
align="center" | 1961
| Electricity |
align="center" | 1962
| R. E. D. (Richard Evelyn Donohue) Bishop | Vibration |
align="center" | 1963
| Energy |
align="center" | 1964
| Animal Behaviour |
align="center" | 1965
| Bernard Lovell, | Exploration of the Universe |
= Since 1966 =
The following is a list of televised Christmas Lectures from 1966 onward {{As of|2023|12|lc=on}}:
class="wikitable sortable"
! align="center" | Year ! align="left" | Lecturer(s) ! align="left" | Title of series ! align="left" | Lecture titles ! align="left" | Network |
align="center" | 1966
| The Engineer in Wonderland{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1966-12-27#at-17.00|title=BBC Two England - 27 December 1966 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. The White Rabbit 2. Only the Grin was Left 3. The Caucus Race 4. Curiouser and Curiouser 5. If only I were the right size to do it 6. It's the Oldest Rule in the Book | rowspan="34" | BBC Two |
---|
align="center" | 1967
|1. Ancient Eyes and Simple Brains 2. Learning to See Things 3. Playing with Illusions 4. How Illusions Play Games with Us 5. Human Eyes in Space 6. The Future-Machines that See? |
align="center" | 1968
| Gulliver's Laws: The Physics of Large and Small{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1968-12-28#at-18.00|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1968 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. The World of Captain Gulliver 2. Meat and Drink Sufficient... 3. A Prodigious Leap? 4. Lilliput and Brobdingnag since the Industrial Revolution 5. Dwarf and Giant Numbers 6. Beyond the Map |
align="center" | 1969
|1. In the Beginning... 2. Clockwork Harmony 3. The Tick of the Atom 4. Big Time, Little Time 5. Faster, Faster 6. To the Ends of Time |
align="center" | 1970
| Monkeys Without Tails: A Giraffe's Eye-view of Man{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1971-01-03#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 3 January 1971 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. Man has a very short neck and no tail 2. Man comes in several different sizes and shapes 3. Fancy having to climb trees in order to eat 4. Man chooses a sensible place to live at last 5. Why choose to walk on two legs when it is much safer on four? 6. What's the idea of shooting at us? |
align="center" | 1971
| Sounds of Music: The Science of Tones and Tune{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1972-01-02#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 2 January 1972 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. Making and Measuring the Waves 2. From Small Beginnings 3. Growing and Changing 4. Craftsmanship and Technology 5. On the Way to the Ear 6. The End of the Journey |
align="center" | 1972
| Ripples in the Ether: The Science of Radio Communication{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1972-12-31#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 31 December 1972 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. How It All Began 2. Getting Rid of the Wires 3. The Sound of Broadcasting 4. Pictures With and Without Wires 5. But Electrons aren't Coloured! 6. Vision of the Future |
align="center" | 1973
| The Language of Animals | 1. Beware! 2. Be Mine 3. Parents and Children 4. Simple Signs and Complicated Communications (lost from archives ) 5. Foreign Languages 6. Animal Language, Human Language |
align="center" | 1974
| The Engineer Through the Looking Glass |1. Looking Glass House 2. Tweedledum and Tweedledee 3. Jam Yesterday, Jam Tomorrow 4. The Jabberwock 5. The Time has come the Walrus said 6. It's my own Invention |
align="center" | 1975
| Signals from the Interior |1. You as an engine 2. Pumps pipes and flows 3. Spikes and waves 4. Probes, sondes and sounds 5. Looking through your skin 6. Signals from the mind |
align="center" | 1976
| The Natural History of a Sunbeam{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1977-01-02#at-17.15|title=BBC Two England - 2 January 1977 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. First Light 2. Light and Life 3. A Leaf from Nature 4. Candles from the Sun 5. Making Light Work 6. Survival Under the Sun |
align="center" | 1977
| The Planets |1. The Earth as a Planet 2. The Outer Solar System and Life 3. The History of Mars 4. Mars before Viking 5. Mars after Viking 6. Planetary Systems Beyond Our Sun |
align="center" | 1978
| Mathematics into Pictures |1. Linking and Knotting 2. Numbers and Geometry 3. Infinity and Perspective 4. Games and Evolution 5. Waves and Music 6. Catastrophe and Psychology |
align="center" | 1979
| Atoms for Engineering Minds: A Circus of Experiments{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1979-12-31#at-17.40|title=BBC Two England - 31 December 1979 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. Getting to Know Atoms 2. Molecules in Motion 3. Electrified Atoms 4. Atoms that Explode 5. Atoms and Energy 6. Seeing Atoms at Last |
align="center" | 1980
| David Chilton Phillips | The Chicken, the Egg and the Molecules |1. What are chickens made of? 2. Machine tools of life 3. Muscle power 4. Eggs, genes and proteins 5. Haemoglobin: the breathing molecule 6. Molecules at work |
align="center" | 1981
| From Magna Carta to Microchip{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1981-12-28#at-19.05|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1981 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}} |1. Principles, Standards and Methods 2. The Measurement of Time 3. More and More About Less and Less 4. Onwards to the Stars 5. Measurement and Navigation in War 6. Some Impacts of Measurement on Life: And Can We Take it too Far? |
align="center" | 1982
|1. Making Sense 2. The Sound of Silence 3. The Sixth Sense - and the Rest 4. Show Me the Way to Go Home 5. Vive la différence 6. Enchanted Loom |
align="center" | 1983
| Leonard Maunder |1. Driving Forces 2. Gathering Momentum 3. Vibration 4. Under Control 5. Fluids and Flight 6. Living Machines |
align="center" | 1984
| The Message of the Genes{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1985-01-01#at-17.10|title=BBC Two England - 1 January 1985 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}} |1. We're All Different 2. The Spice of Life 3. Genetic Engineering 4. Bodies and Antibodies 5. Normal Cells and Cancer Cells 6. When Will Pigs Have Wings? |
align="center" | 1985
|1. No Man is an Island 2. Animal Talk 3. The Bionic Bat 4. The Pace of Technology 5. The Integrated Body 6. Computers |
align="center" | 1986
| Frankenstein's Quest: Development of Life{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1987-01-05#at-16.30|title=BBC Two England - 5 January 1987 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-21}} |1. First Take an Egg... 2. The Medium and the Message 3. The Right Stuff 4. Genes and Flies 5. Chain of Command 6. Growing Up and Growing Old |
align="center" | 1987
| John Meurig Thomas and David Phillips | Crystals and Lasers |1. The Micro-world 2. The architecture of crystals 3. Crystal Miracles 4. Constructing a LASER 5. The Light Fantastic 6. Crystals, lasers and the human body |
align="center" | 1988
| The Home of the Future{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbctwo/england/1988-12-28|title=BBC Two England - 28 December 1988 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-20}} |1. Appliance Science 2. Home, Safe Home 3. Electronics for Pleasure 4. Home, Smart Home 5. Mixers, Meters and Molecules |
align="center" | 1989
|1. What Is Music? 2. The Essence of an Instrument 3. Science, Strings and Symphonies 4. Technology, Trumpets and Tunes 5. Scales, Synthesisers and Samplers |
align="center" | 1990
|1. The Grand Design 2. The Birth of the Stars 3. The Origin of Quasars 4. The Origin of the Galaxies 5. The Origin of the Universe |
align="center" | 1991
|1. Waking Up in the Universe 2. Designed and Designoid Objects 3. Climbing Mount Improbable 4. The Ultraviolet Garden 5. The Genesis of Purpose |
align="center" | 1992
| Our World Through the Looking Glass |1. Man in the Mirror 2. Narwhals, Palindromes and Chesterfield Station 3. The Handed Molecule 4. Symmetry, Sensation and Sex 5. In the Hands of Giants |
align="center" | 1993
| The Cosmic Onion |1. A is for Atoms 2. To the Centre of the Sun 3. Invaders from Outer Space 4. Anti-Matter Matters 5. An Hour to Make the Universe |
align="center" | 1994
| Journey to the Centre of the Brain{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/21966066eccf4cd88c58f4cc64b3999e|title=Issue 3701 - 15 December 1994 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|date=12 October 1994 |access-date=2017-03-19}}{{Cite web|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/2a98163af23f4516a222adfef11e0d12|title=Issue 3702 - 29 December 1994 - BBC Genome|website=genome.ch.bbc.co.uk|date=19 October 1994 |access-date=2017-03-19}} |1. The Electric Ape 2. Through a Glass Darkly 3. Bubble Bubble Toil and Trouble 4. The Seven Ages of the Brain 5. The Mind's I |
align="center" | 1995
| Planet Earth, An Explorer's Guide |1. On the Edge of the World 2. Secrets of the Deep 3. Volcanoes: Melting the Earth 4. The Puzzle of the Continents 5. Waterworld |
align="center" | 1996
|1. Staring into the Abyss 2. The Fossils Come Alive 3. The Great Dyings: Life after Death 4. Innovations And Novelty 5. Feet on the Ground, Head in the Stars: The History of Man |
align="center" | 1997
| The Magical Maze |1. Sunflowers and Snowflakes 2. The Pattern of Tiny Feet 3. Outrageous Fortune 4. Chaos and Cauliflowers 5. Fearful Symmetry |
align="center" | 1998
| Staying Alive |1. Sense and Sensitivity 2. Fats and figures 3. Chilling out 4. Times of our lives 5. Pushing the limits |
align="center" | 1999
| Arrows of Time{{Cite web |date=1999-12-01 |title=Arrows of time – Back to the future (1999) {{!}} Royal Institution |url=https://www.rigb.org/explore-science/explore/video/arrows-time-back-future-1999 |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=www.rigb.org |language=en}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/rilectures/ |title=BBC Online - Science - Royal Institution Christmas Lectures |date=2001-09-13 |access-date=2017-03-19 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010913002724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rilectures/ |archive-date=13 September 2001 }} |1. Back to the Future 2. Catching the Waves 3. The Quantum Leap 4. Edge of Chaos 5. Shaping the Future |
align="center" | 2000
|1. Anatomy of an Android 2. Things That Think 3. Remote Robots 4. Bionic Bodies 5. I, Robot | rowspan="5"|Channel 4 |
align="center" | 2001
|1. What is life? 2. How do I grow? 3. What am I? 4. Can we fix it? 5. Future of life? |
align="center" | 2002
|1. The Spider that Spun a Suspension Bridge 2. The Trainer That Ran Over The World 3. The Phone that Shrank the Planet 4. The Plaster that Stretches Life 5. The Ice Cream that Will Freeze Granny |
align="center" | 2003
|1. Blast Off 2. Mission to Mars 3. Planet Patrol 4. Collision Course 5. Anybody Out There? |
align="center" | 2004
|1. Ice People 2. Ice Life 3. Ice World |
align="center" | 2005
| The Truth About Food |1. The ape that cooks 2. Yuck or yummy? 3. You are what you eat 4. When food goes wrong 5. Food for the future | rowspan="4"|Channel Five |
align="center" | 2006
|1. The curious incident of the never-ending numbers 2. The quest to predict the future 3. The story of the elusive shapes 4. The case of the uncrackable code 5. The secret of the winning streak |
align="center" | 2007
| Back from the Brink: The Science of Survival |1. Peak Performance 2. Completely Stuffed 3. Grilled and Chilled 4. Fight, Flight and Fright 5. Luck, Genes and Stupidity |
align="center" | 2008
|Hi-tech Trek |1. Breaking the Speed Limit 2. Chips with Everything 3. The Ghost in the Machine 4. Untangling the Web 5. Digital Intelligence |
align="center" | 2009
|The 300-Million-Year War |1. Plant Wars 2. The Animals Strike Back 3. Talking Trees 4. Dangerous to Delicious 5. Weapons of the Future | More4 |
align="center" | 2010
|Size Matters |1. Why Elephants Can't Dance but Hamsters Can Skydive 2. Why Chocolate Melts and Jet Planes Don't 3. Why Mountains Are So Small | rowspan="15" |BBC Four |
align="center" | 2011
| Meet Your Brain{{Cite journal | pmid = 24260513 | pmc = 3829909 | year = 2013 | last1 = Gjersoe | first1 = N. L. | title = Changing children's understanding of the brain: A longitudinal study of the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures as a measure of public engagement | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 11 | pages = e80928 | last2 = Hood | first2 = B | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0080928 | bibcode = 2013PLoSO...880928G | doi-access = free }} |1. What's in your head? 2. Who's in charge here anyway? 3. Are you thinking what I'm thinking? |
align="center" | 2012
| The Modern Alchemist |1. Air: the elixir of life 2. Water: the fountain of youth 3. Earth: the philosopher's stone |
align="center" | 2013
| Life Fantastic |1. Where do I come from? 2. Am I a Mutant? 3. Could I live forever? |
align="center" | 2014
| Sparks will fly: How to Hack your Home |1. The light bulb moment 2. Making contact 3. A new revolution |
align="center" | 2015
| How to survive in space |1. Lift off! 2. Life in Orbit 3. The next frontier |
align="center" | 2016
| Supercharged: Fuelling the future |1. Let there be light! 2. People Power 3. Fully charged |
align="center" | 2017
| The Language of Life |1. Say it with Sound 2. Silent Messages 3. The Word |
align="center" | 2018
|1. Where Do I Come From? 2. What Makes Me Human? 3. What Makes Me, Me? |
align="center" | 2019
| Secrets and Lies: The Hidden Power of Maths{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000crby|title=BBC Four – Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, 2019|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-27}} |1. How to Get Lucky 2. How to Bend the Rules 3. How Can We All Win? |
2020
|1. Earth Engine 2. Water World 3. Up in the Air |
2021
|Going viral: How Covid changed science forever{{Cite web|title=CHRISTMAS LECTURES 2021|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/2021-going-viral-how-covid-changed-science-forever|website=rigb.org|language=en}} |1. The Invisible Enemy 2. The Perfect Storm 3. Fighting Back |
2022
|Secrets of Forensic Science{{Cite web|title=2022 Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/secrets-forensic-science|website=rigb.org|language=en|access-date=16 December 2022}} |1. Dead Body 2. Missing Body 3. Living Body |
2023
|The Truth about AI{{Cite web |title=The Truth about AI |website=www.rigb.org |access-date=2023-09-13 |url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/truth-about-ai}}
|1. How to Build an Intelligent Machine 2. My AI Life 3. The Future of AI: Dream or Nightmare? |
2024
|Chris van Tulleken{{Cite web|title=Christmas Lectures|url=https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures|website=rigb.org|language=en|access-date=30 October 2024}} |The Truth About Food |1. From Tastebuds to Toilet 2. How Food Makes Us 3. The Big Food Hack |
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures/watch Christmas Lectures online] (The Ri Channel)
- {{BBC programme}}
{{Science and technology in the United Kingdom}}
{{Michael Faraday}}
{{Christmas}}
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