Russophilia#Ukraine

{{Expand section|date=November 2024|text=for example, Italy}}

{{Further|Russia–Armenia relations|List of pro-Russian political parties#Armenia}}

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Republican Party of Armenia, and Prosperous Armenia are the main Pro-Russian political parties in Armenia.[https://hetq.am/en/article/131827 Prosperous Armenia Party Stresses Importance of Expanded Security Relations with Russia][https://caucasuswatch.de/en/news/republican-party-of-armenia-equates-anti-russian-propaganda-with-anti-armenian.html Republican Party of Armenia Equates Anti-Russian Propaganda with Anti-Armenian][https://panarmenian.net/m/eng/news/318446 ARF: Azerbaijan and Turkey impose destructive concessions on Armenia][https://www.azatutyun.am/a/2144549.html#selection-1811.1-1811.9 Dashnaks Back New Russian-Armenian Pact]

Belarus has close political and economic ties with Russia, both being part of the Union State, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Eurasian Economic Union, due to their shared Soviet heritage.

Following the 2020–2021 Belarusian protests and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, many observers have described Belarus as a Russian puppet state or a satellite state.{{Cite web |last=Kuzio |first=Taras |author-link=Taras Kuzio |date=6 December 2022 |title=Russia must stop being an empire if it is wishes to prosper as a nation |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russia-must-stop-being-an-empire-if-it-is-wishes-to-prosper-as-a-nation/ |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Atlantic Council}}{{Cite web |last=Dempsey |first=Judy |author-link=Judy Dempsey |date=24 February 2022 |title=Judy Asks: Is Belarus's Sovereignty Over? |url=https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/86512 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}{{Cite news |last=Haltiwanger |first=Josh |date=14 December 2022 |title=Ukrainian forces are bracing for the possibility of another Russian invasion via Belarus: 'We have to be ready' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-bracing-for-possibility-of-another-russian-invasion-via-belarus-2022-12 |access-date=27 January 2023 |work=Business Insider}}{{Cite news |date=25 February 2022 |title=What Does Putin Really Want? |url=https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/02/25/putin-russia-ukraine-invasion-endgame-experts-00011652 |access-date=27 January 2023 |work=Politico}}{{Cite news |last=Hopkins |first=Valerie |date=2023-06-22 |title=Belarus Is Fast Becoming a 'Vassal State' of Russia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/22/world/europe/belarus-russia-lukashenko.html |access-date= |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |date=2023-09-07 |title=Belarus: MEPs alarmed by Russia's subjugation of Belarus as a satellite state |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/ga/agenda/briefing/2023-09-11/12/belarus-meps-alarmed-by-russia-s-subjugation-of-belarus-as-a-satellite-state |access-date= |website=European Parliament |language=}}

File:Парад в честь 70-летия Великой Победы - 26.jpg with Russian president Vladimir Putin at the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade]]

The People's Republic of China under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party has supported the Russian Federation closely following international sanctions after Russia invaded Ukraine.{{Cite news |title=Analysis {{!}} Russia becomes China's 'junior partner' |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/12/china-russia-power-imbalance-putin-xi-junior-partner/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |issn=0190-8286}}{{Cite news |title=Russia's reliance on China will outlast Vladimir Putin, says Alexander Gabuev |url=https://www.economist.com/russias-reliance-on-china-will-persist-even-after-vladimir-putin-is-gone-says-alexander-gabuev |access-date=2023-04-28 |newspaper=The Economist |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Russia could become China's 'economic colony', CIA director says |url=https://fortune.com/2023/04/12/russia-risks-becoming-china-economic-colony-cia-director/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Fortune |language=en}} China had close ties with the Soviet Union prior to the Sino-Soviet split, owing to ideological kinship between the two communist states.{{cite book |last=Zhao |first=Suisheng |year=2022 |title=The Dragon Roars Back: Transformational Leaders and Dynamics of Chinese Foreign Policy |location=Stanford, California |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-1-5036-3415-2 |oclc=1332788951 |page=27}}

Previous anti-Russian sentiment in China has greatly downgraded, due to perceived common anti-Western sentiment among Russian and Chinese nationalists.{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Comment/Russia-and-China-s-anti-West-partnership-threatens-global-order|title=Russia and China's anti-West partnership threatens global order|website=Nikkei Asia}}{{Cite web|url=http://theconversation.com/russia-and-china-present-a-united-front-to-the-west-but-theres-plenty-of-potential-for-friction-157934|title=Russia and China present a united front to the west – but there's plenty of potential for friction|first=Natasha|last=Kuhrt|website=The Conversation|date=29 March 2021 }} Ethnic Russians are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.Li 2003, p. 100

According to a 2019 survey by the Pew Research Center, 71% of Russians have a favourable view of China.{{cite web|title=People around the globe are divided in their opinions of China|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/09/30/people-around-the-globe-are-divided-in-their-opinions-of-china/|access-date=1 October 2019|website=Pew Research}} A YouGov survey conducted in the same year found that 71% of the Chinese think Russia has a positive effect on world affairs.{{cite web|date=31 August 2019|title=Superpowers and Country Reputations|url=https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/iqsvihsq0t/Globalism2019_Superpowers_and_Country_Reputations.pdf|publisher=YouGov}}

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, many social media users in China showed sympathy for Russian narratives due in part to distrust of US foreign policy.{{cite news |last1=Repnikova |first1=Maria |last2=Zhou |first2=Wendy |date=11 March 2022 |title=What China's Social Media Is Saying About Ukraine |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/china-xi-ukraine-war-america/627028/}}{{cite news |date=20 April 2022 |title=Ukraine war: most Chinese believe backing Russia is in their national interest, says US think tank |work=South China Morning Post |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3174934/ukraine-war-most-chinese-believe-backing-russia-their-national}} According to a survey conducted by the Carter Center China Focus in April 2022, approximately 75% of respondents agreed that supporting Russia in the war in Ukraine was in China's best interest.{{cite news |title=Russian 'invasion was wrong': Views from China on war in Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/31/russian-invasion-was-wrong-views-from-china-on-war-in-ukraine |work=Al Jazeera |date=31 March 2023}} In the first days of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the nationalistic Little Pink movement drew international attention for their role in contributing to the mostly pro-war, pro-Russia sentiments on the Chinese internet.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/business/china-russia-ukraine-invasion.html|title=Why the Chinese internet is cheering Russia's invasion|first=Yuan|last=Li|work=The New York Times|date=27 February 2022|access-date=21 March 2022|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228124929/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/business/china-russia-ukraine-invasion.html|url-status=live}}

=== Finland ===

{{Further|Russia–Finland relations}}

The Communist movement in Finland during the Cold War inclined towards pro-Soviet tendencies, of which the Taistoist movement was especially pro-Soviet.{{Cite web |title="Eteenpäin O.W. Kuusisen viitoittamaa tietä" – Taistolaiset |url=http://www.tyovaenliike.fi/tyovaenliikkeen-vaiheita/alasivu-7/eteenpain-o-w-kuusisen-viitoittamaa-tieta-taistolaiset/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |language=fi}}{{Cite web |title=Tämä kolahti: Lauri Hokkasen teos on silmiä avaava tilitys siitä, mihin totuudelta silmät sulkeva opillisuus voi johtaa |url=https://www.kirkkojakaupunki.fi/-/tama-kolahti-lauri-hokkasen-teos-on-silmia-avaava-tilitys-siita-mihin-totuudelta-silmat-sulkeva-opillisuus-voi-johtaa |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=www.kirkkojakaupunki.fi |language=fi-FI}}{{clarify|Was Russophilia involved?|date=March 2023}} In 2023, a former Social Democrat representative Mikko Elo and Mauno Saari created the Russophilic organization Naapuriseura ('neighbour society').{{Cite web |title=Suomeen on perustettu uusi Venäjä-mielinen yhdistys |url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/e9b59d8a-5519-4a71-864a-4c4dd9de7b7c |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.iltalehti.fi |language=fi}}

The Finnish political party Power Belongs to the People (VKK) was unique in its strong support of Russia, being the only pro-Russian party in Finland as of 2022. It protested against sanctions on Russia and supported the 2022 invasion of Ukraine.{{Cite web |last=Hiiro |first=Jukka |date=2022-08-25 |title=Seuran kysely: VKK:n kannattajat erottuvat kaikissa Venäjä-kysymyksissä – Venäjä-vastaisimpia ovat Rkp:n ja kokoomuksen kannattajat |url=https://seura.fi/asiat/ajankohtaista/seuran-kysely-vkkn-kannattajat-erottuvat-kaikissa-venaja-kysymyksissa/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Seura.fi |language=fi}}{{Cite web |date=2022-04-11 |title=VKK:n rivit rakoilevat: Ano Turtiaisen Venäjä-puheet, autoritaarinen johtajuus ja uskonnolliset kannanotot ajavat pois puolueesta |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-12398273 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}} The party has since dissasociated from the connections to Russia after Ano Turtiainen was replaced by Antti Asikainen.{{Cite web |date=2024-03-25 |title=Ano Turtiainen sai lähtöpassit Valta kuuluu kansalle -puolueen johdosta |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20080739 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}{{Cite web |title=Ano Turtiainen syrjäytettiin |url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/eea26083-0c0b-4f5f-ad3e-80045fdea63c |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=www.iltalehti.fi |language=fi}} The Finnish political activist Johan Bäckman is known for his pro-Russian views and he has recruited Finns to fight for Russia in the war with Ukraine.{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=Itä-Ukrainassa Venäjän puolesta taistelleet suomalaiset kehuskelevat kokemuksillaan – muualla Euroopassa vierastaistelijoita on tuomittu rikoksista |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-12153718 |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}} Bäckman later joined the VKK, led by Ano Turtiainen.{{Cite web |date=2023-02-28 |title=VKK-puolue yrittää saada dosentti Johan Bäckmanin eduskuntaan |url=https://demokraatti.fi/vkk-puolue-yrittaa-saada-dosentti-johan-backmanin-eduskuntaan/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=demokraatti.fi |language=fi}} Some members of the Finns Party also held pro-Russian views.{{Cite web |title=Osa perussuomalaisista myötäilee suoraan Venäjän kantoja |url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/politiikka/a/af390958-aaa2-46af-9084-8c85dc6c60fd |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=www.iltalehti.fi |language=fi}}

Another party, the Truth Party in Finland has also refused to condemn the 2022 war in Ukraine, and it supports stronger relations with Russia.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Totuuspuolue ei tuomitse Venäjän hyökkäystä |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20092470/64-3-232785 |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=EU-ero, sarjatuotettuja pienydinvoimaloita ja koronarokotteiden vastustamista – tässä ovat vaalien pienpuolueet ja niiden johtajat |url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20092114 |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi}}

File:Reichsbuerger Ruediger Hoffmann und Helmut Buschujew vor dem Reichstag in Berlin.jpg" protesting in Berlin, featuring flags of the Ribbon of Saint George, of the Donetsk People's Republic and of the Federal State of New Russia, 2014]]

German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche described Russia as "the only power that has durability in it, which can wait, which can still produce something... the antithesis of that pitiable European petty-state politics and nervousness, with which the foundation of the German {{lang|de|Reich}} has entered its crucial phase..." in his 1895 book The Antichrist.{{cite web|url=https://iai.tv/articles/nietzsche-putin-and-the-spirit-of-russia-auid-2248|title=Nietzsche, Putin and the spirit of Russia|date=27 August 2022}}

Many members of the far-right political party, Alternative for Germany (AfD), have expressed pro-Russian or pro-Kremlin sentiments on various issues.{{Cite web |date=2024-09-29 |title=Germany’s far right loves one migrant group: Russian Germans |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/alternative-for-germany-afd-far-right-russian-germans-migration-marzahn-hellersdorf/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=Russia's best friends in Germany: AfD and BSW – DW – 09/01/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/russias-best-friends-in-germany-afd-and-bsw/a-70072663 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=dw.com |language=en}}

A poll conducted in summer 2022 shows that Indians most frequently named Russia their most trusted partner, with 43% naming Russia as such compared to 27% who named the US.{{Cite web |last=Mattoo |first=Aditya Gowdara Shivamurthy and Antara Ghosal Singh and Harsh V. Pant and Premesha Saha and Renita D’souza and Shashank Mattoo and Shashank |title=The ORF Foreign Policy Survey 2022: India @75 and the World |url=https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-orf-foreign-policy-survey-2022/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=ORF |language=en-US}}

Support for Russia remains high among Indonesians, owing to Moscow's perceived ties to Muslims and the Muslim world. Public animosity towards the West has resulted from the wars waged in Afghanistan and Iraq by the US and its allies, and their perceived neglectful treatment of the Palestinians in the territories occupied by Israel.

Some Indonesians have positively compared support for Russian president Vladimir Putin in the Russo-Ukrainian War to support for former president Suharto in the Indonesian invasion of East Timor.{{cite web|url= https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2022/03/19/dinilai-mirip-dengan-soeharto-jadi-alasan-warganet-kagumi-putin-dan-dukung-invasi-rusia-ke-ukraina |title=Dinilai Mirip dengan Soeharto jadi Alasan Warganet Kagumi Putin dan Dukung Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina |date=19 March 2022 |language=id |trans-title=Judging Similar to Suharto is the Reason Netizens Admire Putin and Support Russia's Invasion of Ukraine|website=Tribun Kaltim}} Russophiles are also found among the political left, who support Russia due to inaugural Indonesian president Sukarno's closeness to the Soviet Union. Pro-Russian sentiment is especially strong among members of the governing Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, led by Sukarno's daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri, who publicly criticized Ukraine and president Volodymyr Zelenskyy.{{cite web | url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20230601235910-20-956809/megawati-singgung-perang-ukraina-rusia-saat-resmikan-kri-bung-karno | title=Megawati Singgung Perang Ukraina-Rusia saat Resmikan KRI Bung Karno }}

According to a December 2018 survey by IranPoll, 63.8% of Iranians have a favorable view of Russia.{{cite web|url=https://www.iranpoll.com/publications/state2018|title=State of Iran Survey Series|publisher=IranPoll|date=February 8, 2019}}

The Slavic Union, Front and Zmiana are Russophilic political parties in Poland.

{{Further|Accusations of Russian interference in the 2024 Romanian presidential election}}

Traditionally, relations between Romania and Russia were shaped by the political system applied in both countries. Relations were cordial prior to the 19th century, and Russia helped Romania achieving its independence from the Ottoman Empire, the royal families of both countries later being allied. Relations developed after the Second World War, when Romania fell under the communist umbrella led by the Soviet Union, becoming a satellite state of the USSR. However, after Ceaușescu's rise to power in 1965, relations became strained; Romania became the first country to free itself fully from the Soviet Union, and relations were mostly only cordial, as Ceaușescu promoted its own view of communism rather, inspired by the Chinese and North Korean systems, than the Soviet vision.

After the fall of the Eastern Bloc, Romania became an ally of the United States, joining both NATO and the European Union, which faced criticism from Moscow. Romania's strategic position in NATO was seen undesirable by Russia. As nationalist movements grew in Romania during the early 2020's, parties such as the Alliance for the Union of Romanians or S.O.S. Romania, parties seeking closer ties with Russia, rose to power, inadvertly dragging Romania back to a potential Russian influence zone.{{Cite web |date=2024-07-04 |title=Jihadul Ortodox Rusesc – ce susțin fanii Dianei Șosoacă pe grupul acesteia de Telegram |url=https://www.romaniacurata.ro/jihadul-ortodox-rusesc-ce-sustin-fanii-dianei-sosoaca-pe-grupul-acesteia-de-telegram/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=România curată |language=ro-RO}}

In 2024, presidential elections in Romania were marked by accusations of Russian involvement, after pro-Russian far-right candidate Călin Georgescu won the first round of elections through supposed corrupt means, such as falsifying his budget for the electoral campaign. Due to those accusations, the first round was canceled, and a full investigation is ongoing as of 2025.

{{Further|Russia–Serbia relations}}

Russia is popular in Serbia, and many Serbs have traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared Slavic heritage, culture, and the Orthodox faith.{{cite web|url=http://crms.org.rs/zasto-je-putin-toliko-popularan-u-srbiji/|title=Зашто је Путин толико популаран у Србији? – Центар за развој међународне сарадње|website=crms.org.rs|access-date=17 October 2018}} According to the European Council on Foreign Relations, 54% of Serbians see Russia as an ally. In comparison, 11% see the European Union as an ally, and only 6% see the United States in the same manner.{{cite web|url=https://ecfr.eu/article/pandemic-trends-serbia-looks-east-ukraine-looks-west//|title=Pandemic trends: Serbia looks east, Ukraine looks west|website=ecfr.eu|date=5 August 2021|access-date=9 November 2021}}

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, People's Patrol, a far-right group, organized pro-Russian rallies in Belgrade, which were attended by 4,000 people.{{Cite news |last=Filipovic |first=Branko |date=2022-03-05 |title=Pro-Russia Serbs march in Belgrade as country treads ever finer line between East and West |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pro-russia-serbs-march-belgrade-country-treads-ever-finer-line-between-east-west-2022-03-04/ |access-date=2022-03-07}}{{Cite news |title=Thousands of pro-Russia Serbs march in Belgrade |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-60630351 |access-date=2022-03-07}}{{Cite news |title=Pod maskama u Beogradu 'brane' Kosovo |url=https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-rusija-desnicari-kosovo/32176352.html |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Radio Slobodna Evropa |date=14 December 2022 |language=sh|last1=Komarčević |first1=Dušan }}

In 2017, the inhabitants of the Serbian village of Adžinci renamed their village Putinovo, in honor of Vladimir Putin.{{Cite web |title=Serbian village renamed for Putin would welcome Trump, too |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/serbian-village-loves-putin-so-much-it-changed-its-name-n715281 |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=NBC News |date=5 February 2017 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Коцић |first=Данило |title=Путиново, село с 12 душа |url=https://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/420857/Drustvo/Putinovo-selo-s-12-dusa |access-date=2022-03-10 |website=Politika Online}}

Image:Ruski centar za kulturu i nauku u Beogradu.JPG|Russian Center of Science and Culture (Belgrade)

Image:Dmitry Medvedev in Serbia 20 October 2009-8.jpg|Dmitry Medvedev in National Assembly of Serbia

Image:Russian church in Belgrade 2017.JPG|Russian Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity in Tašmajdan park, Belgrade

File:Vladimir Putin in Serbia March 2011-39.jpeg|Vladimir Putin in front of Cathedral of Saint Sava

Image:Photo_of_a_mural_in_support_of_Russia's_war_efforts,_outskirts_of_Belgrade,_Serbia.jpg|"Z" symbol in support of Russia's war against Ukraine with an inscription "Russians and Serbs brothers forever"

{{See also|Galician Russophilia}}

File:Russian-occupied territories in map.webp in dark red with Russian-occupied territories in Europe in light red]]

Following Ukrainian independence in 1991, in the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum 92% (including 55% of ethnic Russians) voted for independence from Moscow,[https://books.google.com/books?id=n_IantohIZkC&pg=PA178 The Return: Russia's Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev] by Daniel Treisman, Free Press, 2012, {{ISBN|1416560726}} (page 178) but some Ukrainians, mostly in the east and south of the country, voted to see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union.{{cite book|url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/files/sp/SP90.pdf|title=Ethnic Reidentification in Ukraine (page 17)|publisher=United States Census Bureau|first=Stephen|last=Rapawy|year=1997|location=Washington, D.C.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019191328/http://www.census.gov/population/international/files/sp/SP90.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2012|access-date=12 July 2018}} Russia and Ukraine had especially close economic ties, and the Russophilic political party, the Party of Regions, became the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada in the 2006 Ukrainian parliamentary election, receiving 33% of the votes. It would remain a dominant force in Ukrainian politics, until the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. Following the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative,[https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/10/18/how-ukraine-views-russia-and-the-west/ How Ukraine views Russia and the West], Brookings Institution (18 October 2017) with most Ukrainians favoring NATO{{Cite news|date=2017-07-10|title=Pledging reforms by 2020, Ukraine seeks route into NATO|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-nato-idUSKBN19V12V|access-date=2021-10-03}} and European Union membership.{{Cite web|last1=Simmons|first1=Katie|last2=Stokes|first2=Bruce|last3=Poushter|first3=Jacob|date=2015-06-10|title=3. Ukrainian Public Opinion: Dissatisfied with Current Conditions, Looking for an End to the Crisis|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2015/06/10/3-ukrainian-public-opinion-dissatisfied-with-current-conditions-looking-for-an-end-to-the-crisis/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project|language=en-US}} Their views on Russia would further deteriorate following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

A survey by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology in 2016 found that 67% of Ukrainians had a positive attitude to Russians, but that only 8% had a positive attitude to the Russian government.{{cite web|url=https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=eng&cat=reports&id=680&page=2

|title=CHANGES IN THE ATTITUDE OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE TOWARD RUSSIA AND OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIAN TOWARD UKRAINE|language=en|website=www.kiis.com.ua/|publisher=|date=|access-date=2017-02-15}}

According to an October 2021 poll of the country's population, 41% of Ukrainians had a "good" attitude towards Russians (42% negatively), while in general 54% of Russians had a positive attitude towards Ukraine.{{cite web|url=https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=1015&page=1|title=Украинцы хуже относятся к РФ, чем россияне в Украине – опрос|language=uk|website=www.kiis.com.ua/|publisher=|date=|access-date=2021-10-31}}

In 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the pro-Russian sentiment that formerly dominated Ukraine's south and east collapsed. According to polls conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, those with positive attitudes towards Russia plunged from 53% to 4% in the East, and from 45% to just 1% in the south.{{Cite web |title=СТАВЛЕННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ ДО РОСІЇ ТА ЯКИМИ МАЮТЬ БУТИ ВІДНОСИНИ УКРАЇНИ І РОСІЇ, ЛЮТИЙ 2022 РОКУ |publisher=Kyiv International Institute of Sociology |date=February 17, 2022 |url=https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=1102&page=7 |lang=uk}}{{Cite web |title=Динаміка ставлення населення до росії та емоційний фон унаслідок війни: результати телефонного опитування, проведеного 13-18 травня 2022 року |publisher=Kyiv International Institute of Sociology |date=May 26, 2022 |url=https://www.kiis.com.ua/?lang=ukr&cat=reports&id=1112&page=6 |lang=uk}} Conversely, support for Ukrainian membership in NATO skyrocketed, from 36% to 69% in the country's east, and from 48% to 81% in the south.{{Cite web |title=Динаміка зовнішньополітичних орієнтацій |publisher=Рейтинг (Rating) |url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/rg_international_moods_022022_press.pdf |lang=uk}} As a result, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace announced that regardless how the war ends, pro-Russian parties and sentiments in Ukraine are "firmly in the past".{{Cite web |last=Skorkin |first=Konstantin |title=What Next for Ukraine’s Formerly Pro-Russian Regions? |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |date=December 2, 2022 |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/politika/2022/11/what-next-for-ukraines-formerly-pro-russian-regions?lang=en}}

{{Main|Derussification in Ukraine}}

Besides politics, there is also increasing support for the removal of symbols of Russian culture in Ukraine, including monuments{{Cite web |title=From Pushkin to Gagarin, Ukraine rids itself of Russia one symbol at a time |publisher=Euronews |date=April 21, 2022 |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/04/21/from-pushkin-to-gagarin-ukraine-rids-itself-of-russia-one-symbol-at-a-time}} and streets{{Cite web |title=Kyiv renames nearly 100 streets to shed Russian past |publisher=Reuters |date=August 25, 2022 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kyiv-renames-nearly-100-streets-shed-russian-past-2022-08-25/}} named after notable Russians,{{Cite web |title=Ukraine agonizes over Russian culture and language in its social fabric |publisher=National Public Radio |date=June 2, 2022 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/02/1101712731/russia-invasion-ukraine-russian-language-culture-identity}} along with limiting Russian literature and music.{{Cite web |title=Ukraine restricts Russian books and music in latest step of ‘derussification’ |publisher=The Guardian |date=June 19, 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/20/ukraine-restricts-russian-books-and-music-in-latest-step-of-derussification |archive-date=June 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623072120/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/20/ukraine-restricts-russian-books-and-music-in-latest-step-of-derussification}} Massive decommunization campaigns coupled with intensive derussification have been carried out since 2014, most notably the toppling of several statues of Vladimir Lenin (termed Leninfall) and renaming of many places with Soviet-associated names.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Ukraine: from decommunisation to derussification |url=https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2022-06-17/ukraine-decommunisation-to-derussification |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=OSW Centre for Eastern Studies |language=en}} Since the invasion, Ukrainian cities demolished monuments to Russian writer Alexander Pushkin across the country,{{Cite web |title=The last monument to Pushkin was dismantled in Ukrainian Chernivtsi |publisher=Euromaidan Press |date=December 23, 2022 |url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2022/12/23/the-last-monument-to-pushkin-was-dismantled-in-ukrainian-chernivtsi/}} and there are also hundreds of renamed placenames due to their affiliation with Russia.{{Cite web |title=Parliament already renamed nearly 330 towns and villages across Ukraine |publisher=Ukrinform |date=November 12, 2024 |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3925710-parliament-already-remained-nearly-330-towns-and-villages-across-ukraine.html}}

{{Sect-stub|date=March 2024}}

According to an interview made by the Ukrainian "Rada" TV channel, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Boris Johnson is a Russophile, admiring Russian language and culture, even after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.{{cite news|title="I am still a Russophile; I admire Russian civilization; only a fool will not admire it."|website=Radar Armenia|url=https://radar.am/en/news/world-2594224833/|date=13 October 2023}}Leader of Reform UK and current MP for Clacton, Nigel Farage, has made multiple comments praising Russian president Vladimir Putin{{Cite news |last=Association |first=Press |date=2014-03-31 |title=Nigel Farage: I admire Vladimir Putin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/mar/31/farage-i-admire-putin |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web |last=Boyle |first=Catherine |date=2014-04-01 |title=Why I respect Putin: UK’s Farage |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/04/01/why-i-respect-putin-uks-farage.html |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=CNBC |language=en}} and pushing pro-Russian sentiments and occasionally misinformation{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=Nigel Farage ‘parroting Putin’s lies’ on Ukraine, says Boris Johnson |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/boris-johnson-accuses-nigel-farage-parroting-putin-lie-on-ukraine-uk/ |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}} since the Russo-Ukrainian War since 2014, even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.{{Cite news |date=2014-03-27 |title=Farage: EU does have 'blood on its hands' over Ukraine |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-26768602 |access-date=2025-05-03 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |date=2024-06-22 |title=Nigel Farage criticised for saying West provoked Ukraine war |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cldd44zv3kpo |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}

Many members of the Republican Party in the United States express positive views on Russia. A 2017 poll highlighted that around 32% of respondents had favorable views of Russian president Vladimir Putin.{{Cite web |last=Mann |first=Windsor |title=Republicans' inexplicable surge in Russophilia: Windsor Mann |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2017/03/03/putin-trump-republican-favorite-foreigner-windsor-mann/98656608/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}} Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, these numbers surged. A YouGov poll found nearly 62% of Republicans preferred Vladimir Putin over Joe Biden, noting that the former was a stronger leader than the latter.{{Cite news |last=Mahdawi |first=Arwa |date=2022-03-01 |title=Why does Putin have superfans among the US right wing? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/mar/01/why-does-putin-have-superfans-among-the-us-right-wing |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0261-3077}} Many notable Republicans, including President Donald Trump, television presenter Tucker Carlson, and incumbent Georgia Representative Marjorie Taylor Greene have all expressed admiration for Russia and its leaders.{{Cite web |title=Meet the pro-Putin Republicans and conservatives |url=https://accountability.gop/ukraine-quotes/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Republican Accountability |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Vargas |first=Ramon Antonio |date=2023-12-13 |title=Hakeem Jeffries singles out Republican 'pro-Putin caucus' opposing Ukraine aid |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/dec/13/hakeem-jeffries-pro-putin-caucus-ukraine |access-date=2023-12-19 |issn=0261-3077}}

File:President of Vietnam To Lam held an official welcoming ceremony for Vladimir Putin (2024).jpg visiting Vietnam in 2024]]

Favorable perceptions of Russia in Vietnam have 83% of Vietnamese people viewing Russia's influence positively in 2017.{{cite web|url= https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2017/08/16/publics-worldwide-unfavorable-toward-putin-russia/|title=Vietnam views of Russia|date=16 August 2017 }} This stems from historic Soviet support for North Vietnam and the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War. As well as support for Vietnam since 1975 by both the Soviet Union and Russia.{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/18/anti-western-and-hyper-macho-putins-appeal-in-southeast-asia |title=Anti-Western and hyper macho, Putin's appeal in Southeast Asia |date=2022-11-18 |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119175300/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/18/anti-western-and-hyper-macho-putins-appeal-in-southeast-asia |archive-date=2022-11-19 |url-status=live}}

{{Commons category-inline|Russophiles}}

{{div col}}

• All-Russian nation
• Eurasian Economic Union
• Eurasianism
• Euroscepticism
• List of pro-Russian political parties
• Nostalgia for the Soviet Union
• Putinism
• Russian avos'
• Russian nationalism
• Russification
• Slavophilia
• Soviet patriotism
• Union State
• White movement
• Z (military symbol)

{{div col end}}

{{Reflist}}

• Orest Subtelny. Ukraine. A history. University of Toronto Press. 1994. {{ISBN|0-8020-0591-8}}.

{{Cultural appreciation}}

{{Russian nationalism}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Admiration of foreign cultures

Category:Culture of Russia

Category:Foreign relations of Russia