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Samaritan Aramaic

{{Short description|Dialect of Aramaic used by the Samaritans}}

{{distinguish|Samaritan Hebrew}}

{{no footnotes|date=February 2015}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Samaritan Aramaic

| nativename = {{lang|sam|ࠀࠓࠌࠉࠕ}} {{transl|sam|Arāmît}}

| pronunciation = {{IPA|sem|arɑmiθ], [arɑmit],
[ɑrɑmɑjɑ], [ɔrɔmɔjɔ|}}

| region = Israel and Palestine, predominantly in Samaria and Holon.

| extinct = by 12th century; liturgical use

| ref = e18

| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic

| fam2 = Semitic

| fam3 = Central Semitic

| fam4 = Northwest Semitic

| fam5 = Aramaic

| fam6 = Western

| fam7 = Palestinian Aramaic

| ancestor = Proto-Afroasiatic

| ancestor2 = Proto-Semitic

| ancestor3 = Old Aramaic

| ancestor4 = Middle Aramaic

| ancestor5 = Palestinian Aramaic

| script = Samaritan alphabet

| iso2 = sam

| iso3 = sam

| glotto = sama1314

| glottorefname = Samaritan Aramaic

}}

{{Contains special characters|Hebrew}}

Samaritan Aramaic was the dialect of Aramaic used by the Samaritans in their sacred and scholarly literature. This should not be confused with Samaritan Hebrew, the language of the Samaritan Pentateuch. Samaritan Aramaic ceased to be a spoken language some time between the 10th and the 12th centuries, with Samaritans switching to Palestinian Arabic as their vernacular.

In form, Samaritan Aramaic resembles the Aramaic of the Targumim, and is written in the Samaritan alphabet. Important works written in it include the translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch, legal, exegetical and liturgical texts.

Sample

{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2021}}

Exodus XX.1-6:

  1. {{Transl|sam|Umellel Elâ'e yet kel milleyya aalen l'mimar.}}
  2. {{Transl|sam|Ana Šema Eluek deppiqtek men ara d'Miṣrem mibbet av'doothah.}}
  3. {{Transl|sam|La ya'i lakk elah ahkharin, bar minah.}}
  4. {{Transl|sam|La tewed lakh tsilam v'khal d'mu debšumeyya milleilah wedbaraa millera wedbameyya mil'ra l'ar'ah.}}
  5. {{Transl|sam|La tisgad l'hon v'la tifli'khinon arei anah ala anaki Šema elaak el kana mas'ar khoveih awaan al b'nin m'rahdin al dahr t'leethai v'ah; dahr r'vee'ai l'sahnai kad mašl'meen b'nayah l'meekhtei bathar avahth'hohn.}}
  6. {{Transl|sam|Wabed teivoo l'al'fei dahreen l'rahkhamai welnateri fiqqudi.}}{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

Notice the similarities with Judeo-Aramaic as found in Targum Onqelos to this same passage (some expressions below are paraphrased, not literally translated):

  1. Umalleil Adonai yat kol pitgamayya ha'illein lemeimar
    {{Script/Hebrew|וּמַלֵּיל יְיָ יָת כָּל פִּתְגָמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין לְמֵימַר}}
  2. Ana Adonai elahach de'appeiktach me'ar'a deMiṣrayim mibbeit avduta
    {{Script/Hebrew|אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ דְּאַפֵּיקְתָּךְ מֵאַרְעָא דְּמִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עַבְדוּתָא}}
  3. La yihvei lach elah achoran, bar minni
    {{Script/Hebrew|לָא יִהְוֵי לָךְ אֱלָהּ אָחֳרָן, בָּר מִנִּי}}
  4. La ta'aveid lach ṣeilam vechol demu devišmayya mille'eila vediv'ar'a millera vedivmayya millera le'ar'a
    {{Script/Hebrew|לָא תַּעֲבֵיד לָךְ צֵילַם וְכָל דְּמוּ דְּבִשְׁמַיָּא מִלְּעֵילָא וְדִבְאַרְעָא מִלְּרַע וְדִבְמַיָּא מִלְּרַע לְאַרְעָא}}
  5. La tisgod lehon vela tiflechinnin arei ana adonai elahach el kanna mas'ar chovei avahan al benin maradin al dar telitai ve'al dar revi'ai lesane'ai kad mašlemin benayya lemichtei batar avahatehon
    {{Script/Hebrew|לָא תִּסְגּוֹד לְהוֹן וְלָא תִּפְלְחִנִּין אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ אֵל קַנָּא מַסְעַר חוֹבֵי אֲבָהָן עַל בְּנִין מָרָדִין עַל דָּר תְּלִיתַאי וְעַל דָּר רְבִיעַאי לְסָנְאָי כַּד מַשְׁלְמִין בְּנַיָּא לְמִחְטֵי בָּתַר אֲבָהָתְהוֹן}}
  6. Ve'aveid teivu le'alfei darin lerachamai ulenaterei pikkodai
    {{Script/Hebrew|וְעָבֵיד טֵיבוּ לְאַלְפֵי דָּרִין לְרָחֲמַי וּלְנָטְרֵי פִּקּוֹדָי}}

See also

Bibliography

  • J. Rosenberg, {{Lang|de|Lehrbuch der samaritanischen Sprache und Literatur}}, A. Hartleben's Verlag: Wien, Pest, Leipzig.
  • Nicholls, G. F. A Grammar of the Samaritan Language with Extracts and Vocabulary. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons, 1858.
  • Tal, Abraham, A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic: Brill 2000 {{ISBN|90-04-11645-1}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • [http://tanakh.info/gn2-1 Samaritan Aramaic Targum] - Aramaic text of Samaritan Targum with English translation
  • [https://www.the-samaritans.net The Samaritan prayers services and liturgy]

{{Semitic languages}}

{{Samaritans|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samaritan Aramaic Language}}

Category:Samaritan culture and history

Category:Aramaic languages

Category:Extinct languages

Category:Extinct languages of Asia

Category:Languages of Palestine

Category:Western Aramaic languages

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