Samoyedic peoples
{{Short description|Ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Siberia, Russia}}
{{other uses|Samoyed (disambiguation)}}
File:Samoyedic map XVII-XX.png
The Samoyedic peoples (sometimes Samodeic peoples){{efn|Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic peoples' instead 'Samoyedic', see {{cite book|title=The Tenacity of Ethnicity|last=Balzer|first=Marjorie|year=1999|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-00673-4|url=https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/tenacityofethnic00balz_0/page/241 241]}}}} are a group of closely related peoples who speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed'' used in Russian Empire for some of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, see Samoyedic languages#Etymology for comments of the etymology.
Peoples
=Contemporary=
| class="wikitable sortable" |
| valign=top
!colspan="1"|People !colspan="1"|Language !data-sort-type="number"|Numbers[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/census_types.php?ct=6 Demoskop Weekly No 543-544] !colspan="1"|Most important territory !colspan="1"|Other traditional territories |
| Nenets
|45,000 |Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| Enets
|200–300 | |
| Nganasans
|900–1000 | |
| Selkups
|3,700 |
| Kamasins
|Kamassian (extinct) |20{{cite web|title=Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края|url=http://adm-sayany.ru/up/%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%9F%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%20%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%202021.doc|access-date=2023-01-04}}{{Efn|0,2% of the population of Sayansky District (21 ppl) are declared as Kamasins and their descendants by the district administration in the official tourist guide (2021).|name=}} | |
=Extinct=
- Yurats, who spoke Yurats[http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages]
- Mators or Motors, who spoke Mator
Classification
Traditionally, Samoyedic languages and peoples have been divided into two major areal groups: Northern Samoyedic (Nenets, Yurats, Enets, Nganasans), and Southern Samoyedic (Selkups) with a further subgroup of Sayan-Samoyedic (Kamasins, Mators) named after the Sayan Mountains. This classification does not reflect linguistic relations, being purely geographical.
The most numerous of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District. Most of the Selkups live in Yamalo-Nenetsia, but there is also a significant population in Tomsk Oblast.
Gallery
=Historical pictures=
File:058 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in summer dress, in 1781, by Johann Gottlieb Georgi
File:057 Description of all the Russian state-dwelling peoples.jpg|Samoyed in 1781 by Johann Gottlieb Georgi
File:Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd (NYPL b14140320-1638306) (cropped).jpg|Habit of a Samoyed woman and child in 1768, by Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche{{cite web|url=https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e4-7ef6-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99|title=Habit of a Samoyede woman and child subject to Russia in 1768. Femme Samoyèd.|website=New York Public Library Digital Collections website}}
File:Samojede_in_Winterdress.jpg|Samoyed winter dress (before 1906)
File:Ice-bound on Kolguev - a chapter in the exploration of Arctic Europe to which is added a record of the natural history of the island (1895) (14595270719).jpg|A reindeer herd in Kolguyev Island in 1895.
=Modern=
File:P253b Group of Yenisei Samoyedes at Sumarokova.jpg|Yenisei Samoyedes (Enets people) around a campfire (1914)
File:Ngasani.jpg|Nganasans, 1927
File:Dentedie from Taimyr (43768724740).jpg|Nganasan folkloric group, 2018
File:No-nb bldsa 3f048 Nentser (folkegruppe) kvinner og barn foran inngangen til teltet sitt. (6435260555).jpg|Nenets group, 1913
File:Nenets.jpg|Nenets family
File:Самая лучшая фотография 2.jpg|Nenets children, 2016
File:Selkups.jpg|Northern Selkups, 2012
File:MoWm9cA3slY.jpg|Kamasin family, 1925
See also
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}