Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The West Siberian petroleum basin is the largest hydrocarbon (petroleum and natural gas) basin in the world covering an area of about 2.2 million km², and is also the largest oil and gas producing region in Russia.{{cite web |last1=Ulmishek |first1=Gregory F. |title=West Siberian Oil Basin |url=http://petroneft.com/operations/west-siberian-oil-basin/ |website=PetroNeft Resources Plc |access-date=29 January 2022}}

The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe who have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.C. Michael Hogan (2008) [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=36084 Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg]

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude, that is, at the point 70°N and 70°E, with equal degrees. The Polar Urals rise in the western part and the highest point of the okrug, as well as of the whole Ural mountain system, is Mount Payer.[https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=74510 Gora Payer – Peakbagger]Google Earth

The area consists of arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas – the Yamal Peninsula, Taz Peninsula and the Gyda Peninsula (itself containing the Yavay Peninsula and Mamonta Peninsula). There are nearly 300,000 lakes in the okrug, some of the main ones being Pyakuto, Chyortovo, Neito, Yambuto, Yarroto and Nembuto.{{cite web|url=https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/r-41_42.jpg|title=R-41_42 Topographic Chart (in Russian)|access-date=8 June 2022}}

The Ob River flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Kara Sea via the Gulf of Ob, which dominates the geography of the Okrug (together with its two sub-bays, the Taz Estuary and Khalmyer Bay.Regional Index: [https://ansipra.npolar.no/english/Regional%20pages/Yamal_1.html Regional Index], accessdate: May 5, 2017Britannica: [http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9340897/Yamalo-Nenets-Autonomous-Okrug ob], accessdate: May 5, 2017Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos: [http://russiatrek.org/yamalo-nenets-okrug Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos], accessdate: May 5, 2017

A number of islands are off the okrug's coast – from west to east, the main ones are Torasovey Island, Bolotnyy Island, Litke Island, Sharapovy Koshki Islands, Bely Island, Shokalsky Island, Petsovyye Islands, Proklyatyye Islands, Oleny Island, and Vilkitsky Island.

On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug ({{lang|ru|Ямальский (Ненецкий) национальный округ}}) was formed based on Ural Oblast.

{{Main|Administrative divisions of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}

{{-}}

File:Yamalo-Nenetsky AO-names.png

Administrative and municipal divisions

{{Russia district OSM map

|federal_subject = Q6407

|frame-lat =

|frame-long =

|zoom = 3

|frame-align = right

|plain = no

}}

File:Стойбище ненцев.jpg in 2014]]

{{Historical populations|7=1959|8=62334|9=1970|10=79977|11=1979|12=157616|13=1989|14=486164|15=2002|16=507006|17=2010|18=522904|19=2021|20=510490|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}Population: {{ru-census|p2021=510,490|p2010=522,904|p2002=507,006|p1989=486,164}}

From 1960 to 2016, Yamal Nenets population increased from 60 000 people to more than 530 000 due to the natural resources discovered in the region. Currently, Yamal Nenets is the only Arctic Region in the Russian Federation that is not experiencing population decline. Despite the growing pressure on the regional environment, former governor Dmitry Kobylkin assured in 2016 that industrial developments are not affecting the traditional lifestyles of the native population. Official data accounts for an increment of 11 percent of the indigenous population from 2006 to 2016.{{Cite web|last=Staalesen|first=Atle|date=8 October 2016|title=The Russian Arctic growth region|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/life-and-public/2016/10/russian-arctic-growth-region|access-date=2021-01-06|website=The Independent Barents Observer|language=en}}

File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -YaNAO.png

File:Муравленко март 2014 - panoramio (2).jpg]]

File:North Districts of Novy Urengoy.jpg]]

The Nenets make up 8.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (62.9%), and followed by Tatars (4.7%) and Ukrainians (4.5%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Khanty (2.5%), Azerbaijanis (1.7%), Bashkirs (1.5%), Kumyks (1.2%), and Nogais (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2021 Census).{{cite web|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK|title=Russian Census of 2021}} {{in lang|ru}} Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}

{{Bar box

|title=Religion in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].

|float=right

|bars=

{{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|42.2}}

{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|0.6}}

{{Bar percent|Old Believers|Purple|0.6}}

{{Bar percent|Protestantism|Navy|0.6}}

{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|13.8}}

{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|17.4}}

{{Bar percent|Rodnovery and other native faiths|Red|1.4}}

{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|13.8}}

{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|7.8}}

{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|1.8}}

}}

According to a 2012 survey 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who do not belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism (Rodnovery) or practitioners of local shamanic religions, and 1% are members of Protestant churches; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declare to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% are atheist, and 0.8% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

{{clear}}

File:Zapolyarnoye Field (Novy Urengoy).jpg]]

In 2009, Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production.{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.com/p-30/r_373/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Area/|title=Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area|date=2004-03-05|publisher=Kommersant|access-date=2009-08-26}} The region is the most important to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second-largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarters located in Tarko-Sale. According to Novatek on 22 October 2019, the natural gas reserves in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug represent 80% of Russia's natural gas and 15% of the world's natural gas supply.{{cite web |url=https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507 |title=Пресс-релизы и мероприятия: Сообщение ПАО "НОВАТЭК" в отношении танкеров ледового класса Arc7 |trans-title=Press releases and events: Communication from PAO NOVATEK regarding Arc7 ice class tankers |work=Novatek website |location=Moscow |date=22 October 2019 |access-date=4 January 2020 |archive-date=22 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022164959/https://www.novatek.ru/ru/press/releases/index.php?id_4=3507}}

Since the early 2010s Gazprom has been developing Yamal project in the Yamal Peninsula area. As of 2020, Yamal produces over 20% of Russia's gas, which is expected to increase to 40% by 2030. The shortest pipeline routes from Yamal to the northern EU countries are the Yamal–Europe pipeline through Poland and Nord Stream 1 to Germany.{{cite report |url=https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Russian-gas-amid-market-tightness.pdf |title=Big Bounce: Russian gas amid market tightness |last=Yermakov |first=Vitaly |publisher=Oxford Institute for Energy Studies |date=September 2021 }} The proposed gas route from Western Siberia to China is known as Power of Siberia 2 pipeline.{{cite news |title='Power of Siberia 2' Pipeline Could See Europe, China Compete for Russian Gas |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/power-of-siberia-2-pipeline-could-see-europe-china-compete-for-russian-gas-/6402242.html |work=VOA News |date=18 January 2022}}

• Anastasia Lapsui (b. 1944), Nenets film director, screenwriter, radio journalist

{{Portal|Russia|Siberia}}

• List of chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

{{Reflist|35em}}

• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Законодательное Собрание Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа

|ru_type=Закон

|ru_number=119-ЗАО

|ru_date=17 ноября 2010 г.

|ru_title=О гимне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа

|ru_effective_date=со дня официального опубликования (20 ноября 2010 г.)

|ru_published_in="Красный Север", спецвыпуск №147/1

|ru_published_date=20 ноября 2010 г

|en_entity=Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

|en_type=Law

|en_number=119-ZAO

|en_date=November 17, 2010

|en_title=On the Anthem of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

|en_effective_date=the day of the official publication (November 20, 2010)

}}

• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|yan}}

{{Commons category|Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}

• {{in lang|ru|cap=yes}} [https://xn--80aze9d.xn--h1akdx.xn--80aswg/ Informational website of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}

{{Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:1930 establishments in the Soviet Union

Category:Autonomous okrugs of Russia

Category:Autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union

Category:Kara Sea

Category:Countries and territories where Russian is an official language

Category:States and territories established in 1930

Category:Ural Federal District