Santa Cruz Formation

{{Infobox rockunit

| name = Santa Cruz Formation

| period = Miocene

| age = Burdigalian-Langhian
(Santacrucian-Friasian)
~{{fossil range|18|15.2}}

| image =Santa Cruz Formation strata.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption =

| type = Geological formation

| prilithology = *Tuff, claystone, mudstone (Estancia La Costa Member)

Claystone, mudstone, sandstone (Estancia La Angelina Member)

| otherlithology =

| unitof =

| subunits = Estancia La Costa Member, Estancia La Angelina Member (coastal section)

| underlies = Cerro Boleadoras Formation

| overlies = Monte Léon Formation

| thickness = Over 295 metres

| area =

| map =Santa Cruz in Argentina (+Falkland hatched).svg

| map_caption =

Santa Cruz Province in Argentina, where the majority of the formation of exposed

| location =

| coordinates =

| region =

| country = Argentina, Chile

| extent = Austral Basin

| namedfor =

| namedby = Furque & Camacho

| year_ts = 1972

| location_ts = near Lago Argentino

| coordinates_ts =

| paleocoordinates_ts =

| region_ts =

| country_ts =

| thickness_ts =

}}

The Santa Cruz Formation is a geological formation in the Magallanes/Austral Basin in southern Patagonia in Argentina and adjacent areas of Chile. It dates to the late Early Miocene epoch, and is contemporaneous with the eponymous Santacrucian age of the SALMA (South American land mammal age) timescale.{{Cite book |last1=Matheos |first1=Sergio D. |title=Sedimentology and paleoenvironment of the Santa Cruz Formation |date=2012-10-11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-4-1/type/book_part |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |pages=59–82 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.005 |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |access-date=2022-11-06 |last2=Raigemborn |first2=M. Sol |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Bargo |editor3-first=M. Susana}}{{Cite journal |last1=Cuitiño |first1=José I. |last2=Vizcaíno |first2=Sergio F. |last3=Bargo |first3=M. Susana |last4=Aramendía |first4=Inés |date=2019-05-31 |title=Sedimentology and fossil vertebrates of the Santa Cruz Formation (early Miocene) in Lago Posadas, southwestern Patagonia, Argentina |url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/view/V46n2-3128 |journal=Andean Geology |language=en |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=383–420 |doi=10.5027/andgeoV46n2-3128 |issn=0718-7106 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/96343 |hdl-access=free }} The Santa Cruz Formation is known for its abundance of vertebrate fossils, including South American native ungulates (astrapotheres, litopterns, notoungulates),{{Cite book |last1=Cassini |first1=Guillermo H. |title=Paleobiology of Santacrucian native ungulates (Meridiungulata: Astrapotheria, Litopterna and Notoungulata) |date=2012 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/early-miocene-paleobiology-in-patagonia/paleobiology-of-santacrucian-native-ungulates-meridiungulata-astrapotheria-litopterna-and-notoungulata/85776FBE33085A8959D44D7331D5900E |chapter=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation |pages=243–286 |editor-last=Bargo |editor-first=M. Susana |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-19461-7|last2=Cerdeño |first2=Esperanza |last3=Villafañe |first3=Amalia L. |last4=Muñoz |first4=Nahuel A. |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Vizcaíno |editor3-first=Sergio F.}} as well as rodents, xenarthrans (armadillos, sloths, anteaters), and metatherians.

The formation extends from the Andes to the Atlantic coast. In its coastal section it is divided into two members, the lower, fossil rich Estancia La Costa Member, which consists predominately of tuffaceous deposits and fine grained mudrock, and the upper fossil-poor Estancia La Angelina Member, which consists of sedimentary rock, primarily mudrock, and sandstone. The environment of deposition was mostly fluvial, with the lowermost part of the Estancia La Costa Member being transitional between fluvial and marine conditions. The environment of the Estancia La Costa Member is thought to have been relatively warm and humid, but likely became somewhat cooler and drier towards the end of the sequence.

Stratigraphy

The Santa Cruz Formation is exposed in isolated outcrops across the Magallanes/Austral Basin extending from the Atlantic coast to the Andes, especially along the Santa Cruz River, as well as along the southern coastline of Santa Cruz Province.{{Cite journal |last1=Cuitiño |first1=José I. |last2=Sol Raigemborn |first2=M. |last3=Susana Bargo |first3=M. |last4=Vizcaíno |first4=Sergio F. |last5=Muñoz |first5=Nahuel A. |last6=Kohn |first6=Matthew J. |last7=Kay |first7=Richard F. |date=2021-04-07 |title=Insights on the controls on floodplain-dominated fluvial successions: a perspective from the Early–Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation in Río Chalía (Patagonia, Argentina) |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jgs/article-abstract/178/4/jgs2020-188/595176/Insights-on-the-controls-on-floodplain-dominated|journal=Journal of the Geological Society |volume=178 |issue=4 |doi=10.1144/jgs2020-188 |bibcode=2021JGSoc.178..188C |s2cid=233779691 |issn=0016-7649|url-access=subscription }} While primarily located in Argentina, small outcrops are also found in Chile.Raúl Ugalde , Enrique Bostelmann , Karina E. Buldrini , and José Luis Oyarzún [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282652427 Lithofacies, architecture, and depositional environments of the Santa Cruz Formation in Chilean Patagonia] (2015) XIV Congreso Geológico Chileno The base of the formation is defined by a marine regression event transitioning from the marine environment of the underlying Monte Léon Formation, which formed when large areas of Patagonia were submerged as a part of the Patagoniense Transgression.

The main source of sediment input to the basin was from the Andean orogeny to the west. The formation reaches a maximum thickness of over 295 meters, though the total thickness of the formation is strongly controlled by subsequent erosion and the 295 meters likely does not represent a complete sequence. The formation primarily consists of floodplain deposits. The lower parts of the formation have an abundance of tuffs and tuffaceous sediments. These likely originated from distant eruptions that were transported into the basin by aerial fallout, wind and/or river transport. The formation likely spans an approximately 3 million year interval in the late Early Miocene around 18 to 15.2 million years ago, during the Burdigalian and Langhian stages.

Paleoenvironment

The environment of the Santa Cruz Formation is thought to have been relatively warm and humid, including a mix of open savanna, gallery forests and semi-deciduous forests. Permanent bodies of water such as lakes, ponds and streams are likely to have been present.{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Richard F. |last2=Vizcaíno |first2=Sergio F. |last3=Bargo |first3=M. Susana |last4=Spradley |first4=Jackson P. |last5=Cuitiño |first5=José I. |date=August 2021 |title=Paleoenvironments and paleoecology of the Santa Cruz Formation (early-middle Miocene) along the Río Santa Cruz, Patagonia (Argentina) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |language=en |volume=109 |pages=103296 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103296|s2cid=233693434 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021JSAES.10903296K }}

Paleoflora

Name ! Species ! Locality ! Material ! Notes ! Image
class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"
Nothofagus{{Cite book \|last1=Brea \|first1=Mariana \|title=Fossil plant studies from late Early Miocene of the Santa Cruz Formation: paleoecology and paleoclimatology at the passive margin of Patagonia, Argentina \|date=2012 \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/early-miocene-paleobiology-in-patagonia/fossil-plant-studies-from-late-early-miocene-of-the-santa-cruz-formation-paleoecology-and-paleoclimatology-at-the-passive-margin-of-patagonia-argentina/1D6B321AD2197B4F284B4C7EBE485B1D \|work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation \|pages=104–128 \|editor-last=Bargo \|editor-first=M. Susana \|place=Cambridge \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.008 \|isbn=978-0-521-19461-7\|last2=Zucol \|first2=Alejandro F. \|last3=Iglesias \|first3=Ari \|editor2-last=Kay \|editor2-first=Richard F. \|editor3-last=Vizcaíno \|editor3-first=Sergio F.}} \|Indeterminate \|Rincón del Buque, Punta Sur \|Leaves, wood \| \|
Araucaria \|Indeterminate \|Punta Sur \|Twig \|Morphologically similar to A. marensii from the Eocene of Antarctica \|
Lauraceae \|Indeterminate \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|Assigned to form genus Laurinoxylon \|
Myrceugenia \|M. chubutense \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|A member of the family Myrtaceae \|
Eucryphiaceoxylon \|E. eucryphioides \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|Wood probably belonging to the genus Eucryphia \|
Faboideae \|Indeterminate \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|Possible affinities to Sophora (Fabaceae) \|
Doroteoxylon \|D. vicenti-perezii \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|Wood with affinities to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae \|
Akanioxylon{{Cite journal \|last1=Brea \|first1=Mariana \|last2=Zucol \|first2=Alejandro F. \|last3=Bargo \|first3=M. Susana \|last4=Fernicola \|first4=Juan Carlos \|last5=Vizcaíno \|first5=Sergio F. \|date=2017-03-01 \|title=First Miocene record of Akaniaceae in Patagonia (Argentina): a fossil wood from the early Miocene Santa Cruz formation and its palaeobiogeographical implications \|url=http://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/183/3/334/3092409 \|journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society \|language=en \|volume=183 \|issue=3 \|pages=334–347 \|doi=10.1093/botlinnean/bow014 \|issn=0024-4074\|doi-access=free \|hdl=11336/65078 \|hdl-access=free }} \|A. santacrucensis \|Punta Sur \|Wood \|A member of the family Akaniaceae \|
Chloridoideae \| rowspan="4" \|Indeterminate \| \| rowspan="4" \|Phytoliths \| rowspan="4" \|Grass \|
Panicoideae \| \|
Danthonioideae \| \|
Pooideae \| \|

Paleofauna

= Invertebrates =

Name ! Species ! Material ! Notes ! Image
class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"
Crassostrea{{Cite book\|last1=Griffin \|first1=Miguel \|title=Oysters from the base of the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene) of Patagonia \|date=2012-10-11 \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-5-1/type/book_part \|work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia \|pages=83–90 \|editor-last=Vizcaíno \|editor-first=Sergio F. \|edition=1 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.006 \|isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 \|access-date=2022-11-22 \|last2=Parras \|first2=Ana \|editor2-last=Kay \|editor2-first=Richard F. \|editor3-last=Bargo \|editor3-first=M. Susana}} \|C. orbignyi \|Numerous individuals in large beds at the base of the formation \|A marine true oyster \|
Diplodon{{Cite journal \|last1=Pérez \|first1=Leandro \|last2=Cuitiño \|first2=José \|last3=Varela \|first3=Augusto \|last4=Muñoz \|first4=Nahuel \|date=2020 \|title=DIPLODON CF. COLHUAPIENSIS (BIVALVIA - HYRIIDAE) IN THE SANTA CRUZ FORMATION (EARLY-MIDDLE MIOCENE), AT THE RÍO SANTA CRUZ, PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA. STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS \|url=http://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/283 \|journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.5710/PEAPA.16.07.2019.283\|s2cid=214344627 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=11336/118040 \|hdl-access=free }} \|D. cf. colhuapiensis \| \|A freshwater bivalve belonging to Hyriidae \|
Stephadiscus{{Cite journal \|last1=Rodriguez \|first1=Pablo E. \|last2=Miquel \|first2=Sergio E. \|last3=Tauber \|first3=Adán A. \|last4=Krapovickas \|first4=Jerónimo M. \|date=2012-06-01 \|title=First record of land gastropods of the family Charopidae in the Early to Middle Miocene from Santa Cruz Province, Southern Patagonia, Argentina (Gastropoda Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Charopidae) \|url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/archmoll/detail/141/78208/First_record_of_land_gastropods_of_the_family_Char?af=crossref \|journal=Archiv für Molluskenkunde International Journal of Malacology \|language=en \|volume=141 \|issue=1 \|pages=57–66 \|doi=10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/057-066 \|issn=1869-0963\|url-access=subscription }} \|Indeterminate \| \|A terrestrial gastropod belonging to Charopidae \|
Gastrocopta{{Cite journal \|last1=Miquel \|first1=Sergio E. \|last2=Rodriguez \|first2=Pablo E. \|date=September 2015 \|title=A novel late Early Miocene assemblage of terrestrial gastropods from Santa Cruz (Patagonia, Argentina) \|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022336015000669/type/journal_article \|journal=Journal of Paleontology \|language=en \|volume=89 \|issue=5 \|pages=748–761 \|doi=10.1017/jpa.2015.66 \|bibcode=2015JPal...89..748M \|s2cid=130147042 \|issn=0022-3360\|hdl=11336/47599 \|hdl-access=free }} \|G.patagonica \| \|A terrestrial gastropod belonging to Vertiginidae \|
?Scolodonta \|Indeterminate \| \|A terrestrial gastropod belonging to Scolodontidae \|
Punctum \|P. patagonicum \| \|A terrestrial gastropod belonging to Punctidae \|
Zilchogyra \|Z. miocenica \| \|A terrestrial gastropod belonging to Charopidae \|
Patagocharopa \|P. enigmatica \| \|A terrestrial gastropod of uncertain affinities, possibly a member of Charopidae \|
Porifera \|Unspecified \|Spicules \|Freshwater sponge \|
Bacillariophyceae \|Unspecified \|Frustules \|Freshwater diatoms \|
Chrysophyceae \|Unspecified \| \|Freshwater algae \|

= Amphibians =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

rowspan="2" |Calyptocephalella

|C. parodii{{cite journal |last1=Muzzopappa |first1=P. |last2=Bargo |first2=M. S. |last3=Vizcaíno |first3=S. F. |year=2025 |title=Anurans from the Early–Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation at Río Chalía (Patagonia, Argentina), and a revision of the fossil Calyptocephalellidae (Anura: Australobatrachia) |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=23 |issue=1 |at=2456622 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2025.2456622}}

|Rincón del Buque

| rowspan="2" |A calyptocephalellid frog

C. cf. C. canqueli

|Cañadón de las Vacas

Neobatrachia{{Citation |last1=Fernicola |first1=Juan C. |title=Amphibians and squamate reptiles from the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: paleoenvironmental and paleobiological considerations |date=2012-10-11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-8-1/type/book_part |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |pages=129–137 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.009 |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |access-date=2022-11-22 |last2=Albino |first2=Adriana |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Bargo |editor3-first=M. Susana|url-access=subscription }}

|Indeterminate

|Estancia La Costa

|Skull fragments and presacral vertebrate

|A frog originally assigned to "Leptodactylidae", but requires further investigation

= Birds =

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Anisolornis

|A. excavatus

|A bird of uncertain affinities, authors have varyingly suggested affinities to trumpeters or limpkins

Ankonetta

|A. larriestrai

|Partial tarsometatarsus

|A basal member of Anatidae

Badiostes

|B. patagonicus

|A member of the family Falconidae

Brontornis

|B. burmeisteri

|Controversial taxonomic position, either considered a terror bird or an anserimorph

|File:Brontornis burmeisteri femore sinistro.JPG

Dryornis{{Cite journal |last=Degrange |first=Federico J. |date=2022-03-30 |title=A new species of Dryornis (Aves, Cathartiformes) from the Santa Cruz Formation (lower Miocene), Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2021.2008411 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=e2008411 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.2008411 |s2cid=246833070 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |vauthors=Degrange FJ |year=2022 |title=A new species of Dryornis (Aves, Cathartiformes) from the Santa Cruz Formation (lower Miocene), Patagonia, Argentina |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=e2008411 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.2008411 |s2cid=246833070}}

|D. pampeanusD. hatcheri

|Two partial left humerus

|A New World vulture.

Eutelornis

|E. patagonicus

E. australis

|Limb fragments

|A member of Anseriformes, relationships of the species to each other or to other Ansiferiformes is uncertain

Liptornis

|L. hesternus

|A member of Anhingidae

Macranhinga

|Indeterminate

|A member of Anhingidae

MiocariamaJorge I. Noriega; Gerald Mayr (2017). "The systematic affinities of the putative seriema Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega et al., 2009) from the Miocene of Argentina". Contribuciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia". 7: 133–139.

|M. santacrucensis

|Partial cranium and tibiotarsi fragments

|A seriema

Nothurinae

|2 Indeterminate species

|Tinamou

Opisthodactylus

|O. patagonicus

|Limb, vertebra and skull fragments

|A member of Rheidae

Patagornis {{Citation |last1=Degrange |first1=Federico J. |title=Diversity and paleobiology of the Santacrucian birds |date=2012-10-11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-9-1/type/book_part |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |pages=138–155 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.010 |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |access-date=2022-11-22 |last2=Noriega |first2=Jorge I. |last3=Areta |first3=Juan I. |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Bargo |editor3-first=M. Susana|url-access=subscription }}

|P. marshi

|A terror bird

|File:Patagornis marshi.png

Phorusrhacos{{Cite journal |last1=Degrange |first1=Federico J. |last2=Eddy |first2=Drew |last3=Puerta |first3=Pablo |last4=Clarke |first4=Julia |date=2019|title=New skull remains of Phorusrhacos longissimus (Aves, Cariamiformes) from the Miocene of Argentina: implications for the morphology of Phorusrhacidae |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=93 |issue=6 |pages=1221–1233 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2019.53 |issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free|bibcode=2019JPal...93.1221D }}

|P. longissimus

|Partial skulls

|A terror bird

|File:Phorusrhacos longissimus skull 824.jpg

Protibis

|P. cnemialis

|distal end of tibiotarsus

|Potentially a spoonbill

Psilopterus

|P. lemoinei

P. bachmanni

|A terror bird

|File:Psilopterus australis - AMNH - DSC06300.JPG

Thegornis

|T. musculosus

T. debilis

|A member of the family Falconidae

Archaeopsophia{{Cite journal |last=Agnolín |first=Federico L. |year=2022 |title=New fossil birds from the Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.revistasgeotech.com/index.php/poey/article/view/428 |journal=Poeyana |volume=513 |pages=1–43 |issn=2410-7492}}

|A. aoni

|A member of the family Psophiidae (trumpeters)

Chehuenia

|C. facongrandei

|A roller

Kaikenia

|K. mourerchauvirea

|An anatid belonging to the subfamily Tadorninae

Peioa

|P. australis

|A member of Anseriformes.

= Squamates =

Name ! Species ! Locality ! Material ! Notes ! Image
class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"
Pristidactylus{{Cite journal \|last1=Albino \|first1=Adriana \|last2=Brizuela \|first2=Santiago \|last3=Vizcaíno \|first3=Sergio \|date=2017 \|title=The southernmost fossil record of Squamates \|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/amre/38/1/article-p15_2.xml \|journal=Amphibia-Reptilia \|volume=38 \|issue=1 \|pages=15–30 \|doi=10.1163/15685381-00003078 \|issn=0173-5373\|hdl=11336/55451 \|hdl-access=free }} \| rowspan="4" \|Indeterminate \| rowspan="2" \|La Cueva \| rowspan="2" \|Fragmentary jaw bones \| rowspan="2" \|Originally assigned to the dubious genus "Erichosaurus" \|
Pleurodonta \|
Tupinambis \|Monte León \|Fragmentary dentaries and maxilla \|A teiid lizard \|
Colubridae \|Cerro Observatorio \|Partial trunk vertebrae \|A snake \|

= Mammals =

== Meridiungulates ==

=== Astrapotheres ===

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Astrapotherium{{Cite journal |last1=Vizcaíno |first1=Sergio F. |last2=Bargo |first2=M. Susana |last3=Kay |first3=Richard F. |last4=Fariña |first4=Richard A. |last5=Di Giacomo |first5=Mariana |last6=Perry |first6=Jonathan M. G. |last7=Prevosti |first7=Francisco J. |last8=Toledo |first8=Néstor |last9=Cassini |first9=Guillermo H. |last10=Fernicola |first10=Juan C. |date=2010-06-15 |title=A baseline paleoecological study for the Santa Cruz Formation (late–early Miocene) at the Atlantic coast of Patagonia, Argentina |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018210002312 |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |language=en |volume=292 |issue=3 |pages=507–519 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.04.022 |bibcode=2010PPP...292..507V |issn=0031-0182|hdl=11336/135189 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Fernicola |first1=Juan Carlos |last2=Vizcaíno |first2=Sergio Fabián |last3=Bargo |first3=M. Susana |last4=Kay |first4=Richard Frederick |last5=Cuitiño |first5=Jose Ignacio |date=2019-12-20 |title=Analysis of the Early–Middle Miocene mammal associations at the Río Santa Cruz (Patagonia, Argentina) |url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/309 |journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |doi=10.5710/PEAPA.01.11.2019.309 |issn=2469-0228 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/110083 |hdl-access=free }}

|A. magnum

A. nanum

A. sp.

|An astrapotheriid

|File:Astrapotherium magnum NT.jpg

=== Litopterns ===

Name ! Species ! Locality ! Material ! Notes ! Image
class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"
Adianthus{{Cite journal \|last1=Cifelli \|first1=Richard \|last2=Soria \|first2=Miguel Fernando \|date=1983 \|title=Systematics of the Adianthidae (Litopterna, Mammalia). \|url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5255 \|journal=American Museum Novitates \|language=en-US \|issue=2771 \|pages=1–25 \|hdl=2246/5255}} \|A. bucatus \| \| \|An adianthid litoptern \|
Anisolophus{{Cite journal \|last1=Schmidt \|first1=Gabriela Ines \|last2=Pino \|first2=Santiago Hernández Del \|last3=Muñoz \|first3=Nahuel Antú \|last4=Fernández \|first4=Mercedes \|date=2019-12-20 \|title=Litopterna (Mammalia) From the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene) At the Río Santa Cruz, Southern Argentina. \|url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/290 \|journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina \|language=en \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.5710/PEAPA.13.08.2019.290 \|issn=2469-0228 \|doi-access=free\|hdl=11336/121536 \|hdl-access=free }} \|A. australis A. floweri \| \| \|A proterotheriid litoptern \|
Diadiaphorus{{Cite journal \|last1=Kramarz \|first1=Alejandro G. \|last2=Bond \|first2=Mariano \|date=2005 \|title=Los Litopterna (Mammalia) de la Formación Pinturas, Mioceno Temprano-Medio de Patagonia \|url=https://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/928 \|language=es \|journal=Ameghiniana \|volume=42 \|issue=3 \|pages=611–625 \|issn=1851-8044}}{{Cite journal \|last1=Chimento \|first1=Nicolás R. \|last2=Agnolin \|first2=Federico L. \|year=2020 \|title=Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=10 \|issue=1 \|pages=13280 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-70287-5 \|issn=2045-2322 \|pmc=7413542 \|pmid=32764723 \|doi-access=free \|bibcode=2020NatSR..1013280C \|hdl-access=free \|hdl=11336/135739}} \|D. majusculus D. sanctaecrucis D. sp. \| \| \|A proterotheriid litoptern \|File:Diadiaphorus majusculus NT.jpg
Tetramerorhinus{{Cite journal \|last=Ameghino \|first=Florentino \|date=1894 \|title=Énumération synoptique des espèces de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie \|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/77348 \|journal=Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba (Republica Argentina) \|location=Buenos Aires \|publisher=Imp. de P.E. Coni é hijos \|volume=13 \|pages=259–452 \|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.77348 \|doi-access=free}} \|T. cingulatum T. fleaglei T. mixtum T. lucarius T. prosistens T. sp. \|Estancia La Costa Member \| \|A proterotheriid litoptern \|File:Tetramerorhinus jaw.png
Theosodon{{cite journal \|last1=Schmidt \|first1=Gabriela I. \|last2=Ferrero \|first2=Brenda S. \|date=September 2014 \|title=Taxonomic Reinterpretation of Theosodon hystatus Cabrera and Kraglievich, 1931 (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Family \|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2014.837393 \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=34 \|issue=5 \|pages=1231–1238 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2014.837393\|bibcode=2014JVPal..34.1231S \|s2cid=86091386 \|hdl=11336/18953 \|hdl-access=free }} \|T. fontanae T. garretorum T. gracilis T. karaikensis T. lydekkeri T. patagonicum \|Estancia La Costa Member \| \|A macraucheniid litoptern \|File:Theosodon NT.jpg
Thoatherium \|T. minisculum T. sp. \|Estancia La Costa Member \| \|A proterotheriid litoptern \|File:Thoatheriumknight.jpg

=== Notoungulates ===

Name ! Species ! Locality ! Material ! Notes ! Image
class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"
Adinotherium{{Cite journal \|last=Cassini \|first=Guillermo H. \|date=2013 \|title=Skull Geometric Morphometrics and Paleoecology of Santacrucian (Late Early Miocene; Patagonia) Native Ungulates (Astrapotheria, Litopterna, and Notoungulata) \|url=https://bioone.org/journals/ameghiniana/volume-50/issue-2/AMGH.7.04.2013.606/Skull-Geometric-Morphometrics-and-Paleoecology-of-Santacrucian-Late-Early-Miocene/10.5710/AMGH.7.04.2013.606.full \|journal=Ameghiniana \|volume=50 \|issue=2 \|pages=193–216 \|doi=10.5710/AMGH.7.04.2013.606 \|s2cid=128999112 \|issn=0002-7014\|hdl=11336/26393 \|hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal \|last1=Cassini \|first1=Guillermo H. \|last2=Pino \|first2=Santiago Hernández Del \|last3=Muñoz \|first3=Nahuel A. \|last4=Acosta \|first4=M. V. Walter G. \|last5=Fernández \|first5=Mercedes \|last6=Bargo \|first6=M. Susana \|last7=Vizcaíno \|first7=Sergio F. \|date=2017 \|title=Teeth complexity, hypsodonty and body mass in Santacrucian (Early Miocene) notoungulates (Mammalia) \|journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh \|language=en \|volume=106 \|issue=4 \|pages=303–313 \|doi=10.1017/S1755691016000153 \|issn=1755-6910\|doi-access=free\|hdl=11336/48917 \|hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal \|last1=Zurita-Altamirano \|first1=Daniel \|last2=Buffetaut \|first2=Eric \|last3=Forasiepi \|first3=Analía M. \|last4=Kramarz \|first4=Alejandro \|last5=Carrillo \|first5=Juan D. \|last6=Aguirre-Fernández \|first6=Gabriel \|last7=Carlini \|first7=Alfredo A. \|last8=Scheyer \|first8=Torsten M. \|last9=Sánchez-Villagra \|first9=Marcelo R. \|date=2019 \|title=The Allemann collection from the Santa Cruz Formation (late early Miocene), Argentina, in Zurich, Switzerland \|journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology \|language=en \|volume=138 \|issue=2 \|pages=259–275 \|doi=10.1007/s13358-019-00185-5 \|issn=1664-2384 \|doi-access=free\|bibcode=2019SwJP..138..259Z \|hdl=11336/120785 \|hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal \|last1=Fernández \|first1=Mercedes \|last2=Muñoz \|first2=Nahuel Antu \|date=2019-12-20 \|title=Notoungulata and Astrapotheria (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) of the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene) along the Río Santa Cruz, Argentine Patagonia. \|url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/288 \|journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina \|language=en \|volume=19 \|issue=2 \|doi=10.5710/PEAPA.19.09.2019.288 \|issn=2469-0228 \|doi-access=free\|hdl=11336/120862 \|hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal \|last1=MacPhee \|first1=R. D. E. \|last2=Pino \|first2=Santiago Hernández Del \|last3=Kramarz \|first3=Alejandro \|last4=Forasiepi \|first4=Analía M. \|last5=Bond \|first5=Mariano \|last6=Sulser \|first6=R. Benjamin \|date=2021-04-19 \|title=Cranial Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Trigonostylops wortmani, an Eocene South American Native Ungulate \|journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History \|volume=449 \|issue=1 \|pages=1–183 \|doi=10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1 \|issn=0003-0090 \|doi-access=free}} \|A. ovinum A. robustum A. sp. \| \| \|A toxodontid notoungulate \|File:Adinotherium ovinum.jpg
Cochilius{{Cite journal \|last1=Fernández \|first1=Mercedes \|last2=Fernicola \|first2=Juan C. \|last3=Cerdeño \|first3=Esperanza \|date=2021-07-04 \|title=A new genus of Interatheriinae (Interatheriidae, Notoungulata) from the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and the revision of the genus Cochilius Ameghino, 1902 \|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.1956940 \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=41 \|issue=4 \|pages=e1956940 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2021.1956940 \|bibcode=2021JVPal..41E6940F \|s2cid=239647102 \|issn=0272-4634\|url-access=subscription }} \|C. sp. \| \| \|An interatheriid notoungulate \|File:Cochilius volvens.jpg
Hegetotherium{{Cite journal \|last1=Vizcaíno \|first1=Sergio F. \|last2=Bargo \|first2=M. Susana \|last3=Kay \|first3=Richard F. \|last4=Raigemborn \|first4=M. Sol \|date=2021-07-07 \|title=The record of the typothere Pachyrukhos (Mammalia, Notoungulata) and the Chinchillid Prolagostomus (Mammalia, Rodentia) in the Santa Cruz Formation (early–middle Miocene) south to the Río Coyle, Patagonia, Argentina\|url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/385 \|journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina \|language=en \|volume=21 \|issue=2 \|pages=1–15 \|doi=10.5710/PEAPA.26.05.2021.385 \|issn=2469-0228\|doi-access=free\|hdl=11336/147286 \|hdl-access=free }} \|H. mirabile H. sp. \| \| \|A hegetotheriid notoungulate \|File:Hegetotherium.svg
Homalodotherium \|H. cunninghami \| \| \|A homalodotheriid notoungulate \|File:Homalodotherium FMNH.jpg
Interatherium{{Cite book \|last=Sinclair \|first=William John \|url=https://archive.org/details/reportsofp61319091912prin/mode/2up\|title=Mammalia of the Santa Cruz Beds, part 1: Typotheria of the Santa Cruz Beds.\|chapter=Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899.\|date=1909 \|publisher=The University \|location=Princeton \|doi=10.5962/bhl.title.12486\|doi-access=free\|volume=7\|pages=1–110}} \|I. anguliferum I. brevifrons I. dentatum I. interruptum I. robustum I. rodens I. supernum \| \| \|An interatheriid notoungulate \|File:Interatherium.jpg
Neoicochilus \|N. undulatus \| \| \|An interatheriid notoungulate \|
Nesodon \|N. imbricatus \| \| \|A toxodontid notoungulate \|File:Nesodon imbricatus skeleton reconstruction.jpg
Notohippus{{Cite journal \|last1=Hernández Del Pino \|first1=Santiago \|last2=Fernández \|first2=Mercedes \|last3=Cerdeño \|first3=Esperanza \|last4=Fernicola \|first4=Juan C. \|date=2019-01-02 \|title=Anatomy and systematics of Notohippus toxodontoides Ameghino, 1891 (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Miocene of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina \|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1577870 \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1577870 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1577870 \|bibcode=2019JVPal..39E7870H \|s2cid=164241447 \|issn=0272-4634\|url-access=subscription }} \|N. toxodontoides \| \| \|A notohippid notoungulate \|
Pachyrukhos \|P. moyani \| \| \|A hegetotheriid notoungulate \|File:Skeleton-of-Pachyrukhos-from-Sinclair-1909.png
Patriarchus{{Cite journal \|last1=Fernández \|first1=Mercedes \|last2=Fernicola \|first2=Juan C. \|last3=Cerdeño \|first3=Esperanza \|date=2019-03-04 \|title=The genus Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Mammalia, Notoungulata, Typotheria), from the Santa Cruz Formation, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334077616\|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=2 \|pages=e1613416 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1613416 \|bibcode=2019JVPal..39E3416F \|s2cid=198262303 \|issn=0272-4634}} \|P. palmidens \| \| \|An interatheriid notoungulate \|
Protypotherium{{Cite journal \|last=Ameghino \|first=Florentino \|date=1891 \|title=Nuevos restos de mamíferos fósiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. — Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones \|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/76088 \|journal=Revista argentina de historia natural \|volume=1 \|pages=289–328}} \|P. attenuatum P. australe P. praerutilum P. sp. \| \| \|An interatheriid notoungulate \|File:ProtypotheriumSinclair 1.jpg

== Xenarthrans ==

=== Pilosa ===

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Analcimorphus{{Cite journal |last1=Toledo |first1=Néstor |last2=Cassini |first2=Guillermo Hernán |last3=Vizcaíno |first3=Sergio Fabián |last4=Bargo |first4=M. Susana |date=2014 |title=Mass Estimation of Santacrucian Sloths from the Early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation of Patagonia, Argentina |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=267–280 |doi=10.4202/app.2012.0009 |issn=0567-7920 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/20506 |hdl-access=free }}{{Cite journal |last1=Bargo |first1=M. Susana |last2=Iuliis |first2=Gerardo De |last3=Toledo |first3=Néstor |date=2019-12-20 |title=Early Miocene Sloths (Xenarthra, Folivora) From the Río Santa Cruz Valley (Southern Patagonia, Argentina), Ameghino, 1887 Revisited |url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/297 |journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |doi=10.5710/PEAPA.06.08.2019.297 |issn=2469-0228 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/126223 |hdl-access=free }}

|A. giganteus

A. inversus

|Estancia La Costa Member

|A basal megatherioid sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XLVII) (6859444178).jpg

Analcitherium{{Cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=George Gaylord |author-link=George Gaylord Simpson |last2=Bird |first2=Junius Bouton |author-link2=Junius Bouton Bird |date=1941 |title=A Miocene sloth from southern Chile. |url=https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/2267/N1156.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=American Museum Novitates |issue=1156 |pages=1–5}}

|A. antarcticum

|Estancia La Costa Member

|A scelidotheriid sloth

Eucholoeops{{Cite journal |last1=Iuliis |first1=Gerardo De |last2=Pujos |first2=François |last3=Toledo |first3=Nestor |last4=Bargo |first4=M. Susana |last5=Vizcaíno |first5=Sergio F. |date=2014 |title=Eucholoeops Ameghino, 1887 (Xenarthra, Tardigrada, Megalonychidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation, Argentine Patagonia: implications for the systematics of Santacrucian sloths |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/fr/periodiques/geodiversitas/36/2/eucholoeops-ameghino-1887-xenarthra-tardigrada-megalonychidae-de-la-formation-santa-cruz-de-patagonie-argentine-implications-pour-la-systematique-des-paresseux-santacruziens |journal=Geodiversitas |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=209–255 |doi=10.5252/g2014n2a2 |issn=1280-9659 |doi-access=free|hdl=11336/80624 |hdl-access=free }}

|E. fronto

E. ingens

E. litoralis

E. titans

|Estancia La Costa Member

|A megalonychid ground sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE LV) (7005566005).jpg

Hapalops

|H. longiceps

H. elongatus

H. indifferens

H. angustipalatus

H. platycephalus

H. ponderosus

H. rectangularis

|A ground sloth belonging to Megatherioidea

|File:Hapalops skeleton.jpg

Hyperleptus

|Indeterminate

|A megatherioid ground sloth of uncertain affinities

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE LIV) (7005565749).jpg

Megalonychotherium

|M. atavus

|A megalonychid ground sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XLVI) (7005563487).jpg

Mylodontidae

|Indeterminate

Nematherium

|N. angulatum

|A ground sloth belonging to Mylodontoidea

|File:Nematherium angulatum.JPG

Pelecyodon

|P. cristatus

|A ground sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE LII) (7005565177).jpg

Planops

|P. magnus

|A megatheriid ground sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE LVIII) (7005566787).jpg

Protamandua{{Cite book |last1=Bargo |first1=M. Susana |title=Paleobiology of the Santacrucian sloths and anteaters (Xenarthra, Pilosa) |date=2012-10-11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-13-1/type/book_part |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |pages=216–242 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.014 |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1|last2=Toledo |first2=Néstor |last3=Vizcaíno |first3=Sergio F. |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Bargo |editor3-first=M. Susana}}

|P. rothi

|An anteater

Prepotherium

|P. potens

P. filholi

|A ground sloth

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE LIX) (6859447460).jpg

Megalonychidae

|Indeterminate

|A ground sloth

Schismotherium{{Cite journal |last1=Racco |first1=Augusto |last2=Fernicola |first2=Juan C. |last3=Bargo |first3=M. Susana |last4=Vizcaíno |first4=Sergio F. |last5=Iuliis |first5=Gerardo De |date=2017|title=On the Type of Schismotherium fractum Ameghino, 1887 (Xenarthra, Folivora, Megatherioidea) from the Early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina) |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ameghiniana/volume-55/issue-1/AMGH.18.07.2017.3109/On-the-Type-of-Schismotherium-fractum-Ameghino-1887-Xenarthra-Folivora/10.5710/AMGH.18.07.2017.3109.full |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=117–125 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.18.07.2017.3109 |s2cid=135431226 |issn=0002-7014|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal|last1=Fernicola |first1=J.C|last2=Bargo|first2=M.S.|last3=Vizcaíno|first3=S.F.| last4=Kay|first4=R.F| title=Early–Middle Miocene Paleontology in the Río Santa Cruz, Southern Patagonia, Argentina. 130 years since Ameghino, 1887|url=https://archive.org/details/311-article-text-2439-1-10-20191220/mode/2up| journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina|date=2019|pages=257–259}}

|S. fractum

|A ground sloth

Xyophorus

|X. atlanticus

X. latirostris

|A nothrotheriid ground sloth

=== Cingulata ===

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

!Name

!Species

!Locality

!Material

!Notes

!Image

Anantiosodon{{Cite book |last1=Vizcaíno |first1=Sergio F. |title=Paleobiology of Santacrucian glyptodonts and armadillos (Xenarthra, Cingulata) |date=2012 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/early-miocene-paleobiology-in-patagonia/paleobiology-of-santacrucian-glyptodonts-and-armadillos-xenarthra-cingulata/58CB0068C890DBBD5F3E7AA03E423905 |chapter=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia: High-Latitude Paleocommunities of the Santa Cruz Formation |pages=194–215 |editor-last=Bargo |editor-first=M. Susana |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-19461-7|last2=Fernicola |first2=Juan C. |last3=Bargo |first3=M. Susana |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Vizcaíno |editor3-first=Sergio F.}}

|A. rarus

|An armadillo

cf. Asterostemma

|cf. A. depressa

|A glyptodont

Cochlops

|C. muricatus

|A glyptodont

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XIX) (6859436306).jpg

Eucinepeltus

|E. petesatus

|A glyptodont

Metopotoxus

|M. laevatus

|A glyptodont

Parutaetus

|P. sp.

|An armadillo

Peltephilus

|P. ferox

P. giganteus

P. nanus

P. pumilus

P. strepens

|A horned armadillo

|File:Peltephilus ferox skull.jpg

Proeutatus

|P. carinatus

P. deleo

P. lagena

P. oenophorus

P. robustus

|An armadillo

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XI) (7005553277) (cropped).jpg

Propalaehoplophorus

|P. australis

P. incisivus

P. minus

|A glyptodont

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE XXII) (7005556677).jpg

Prozaedyus

|P. exilis

P. proximus

|An armadillo

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE V) (6859432278).jpg

Stenotatus

|S. patagonicus

|An armadillo

|File:Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899 (PLATE VII) (6859432828).jpg

Stegotherium

|S. tauberi

S. tessellatum

|An armadillo

|File:Stegotherium tesselatum.jpg

Vetelia{{Cite journal |last1=Barasoain |first1=Daniel |last2=González Ruiz |first2=Laureano |last3=Tomassini |first3=Rodrigo |last4=Zurita |first4=Alfredo |last5=Contreras |first5=Víctor |last6=Montalvo |first6=Claudia |date=2021 |title=First phylogenetic analysis of the Miocene armadillo Vetelia reveals novel affinities with Tolypeutinae |url=http://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app008292020.html |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=66 |issue=3|doi=10.4202/app.00829.2020|doi-access=free|hdl=11336/136645 |hdl-access=free }}

|V. puncta

|An armadillo

|File:Vetelia.png

== Metatherians ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Abderites

|A. meridionalis

|A member of Abderitidae (Paucituberculata)

Acdestis

|A. owenii A. lemairei

|A member of Palaeothentidae (Paucituberculata)

Acrocyon{{Cite book |last1=Prevosti |first1=Francisco J. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-11-1/type/book_part |title=Paleoecology of the mammalian carnivores (Metatheria, Sparassodonta) of the Santa Cruz Formation (late Early Miocene) |last2=Forasiepi |first2=Analía M. |last3=Ercoli |first3=Marcos D. |last4=Turazzini |first4=Guillermo F. |date=2012-10-11 |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |pages=173–193 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.012 |editor-last2=Kay |editor-first2=Richard F. |editor-last3=Bargo |editor-first3=M. Susana}}

|A. sectorius

|A borhyaenid sparassodont

Acyon

|A. tricuspidatus

|A hathliacynid sparassodont

Arctodictis

|A. munizi

|A borhyaenid sparassodont

Borhyaena

|B. tuberata

|A borhyaenid sparassodont

|File:Borhyaena tuberata.JPG

Cladosictis

|C. patagonia

|A sparassodont

Lycopsis

|L. torresi

|A sparassodont

Microbiotherium {{Cite book |last1=Alejandra Abello |first1=María |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-10-1/type/book_part |title=Paleoecology of the Paucituberculata and Microbiotheria (Mammalia, Marsupialia) from the late Early Miocene of Patagonia |last2=Ortiz-Jaureguizar |first2=Edgardo |last3=Candela |first3=Adriana M. |date=2012-10-11 |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |pages=156–172 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.011 |access-date=2022-11-22 |editor-last2=Kay |editor-first2=Richard F. |editor-last3=Bargo |editor-first3=M. Susana}}

|M. acicula

M. patagonicum

M. gallegosense

M. tehuelchum

|A member of Microbiotheriidae (Microbiotheria)

Palaeothentes

|P. aratae

P. minutus

P. intermedius

P. lemoinei

P. pascuali

|A member of Palaeothentidae (Paucituberculata)

|File:Palaeothentes lepidus mandible.jpg

Perathereutes

|P. pungens

|A hathliacynid sparassodont

Phonocdromus

|P. gracilis

|A member of Pichipilidae (Paucituberculata)

Prothylacinus

|P. patagonicus

|A sparassodont

|File:Prothylacinus patagonicus.png

Pseudonotictis

|P. pusillus

|A hathliacynid sparassodont

Sipalocyon

|S. gracilis

S. obusta

|A hathliacynid sparassodont

Stilotherium

|S. dissimile

|A member of Caenolestidae (Paucituberculata)

== Rodents ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Acarechimys

|A. minutus

A. minutissmus

A. constans

A. gracilis

|A member of Octodontoidea

Acaremys{{Cite journal |last1=Arnal |first1=Michelle |last2=Pérez |first2=María Encarnación |last3=Deschamps |first3=Cecilia |date=2019-12-20 |title=Revision of the Miocene caviomorph rodents from the Río Santa Cruz (Argentinean Patagonia).|url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/299 |journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |doi=10.5710/PEAPA.25.09.2019.299 |issn=2469-0228|doi-access=free|hdl=11336/175184 |hdl-access=free }}

|A. murinus

A. messor

|A member of Acaremyidae (Octodontoidea)

Adelphomys

|A. candidus

|A member of Octodontoidea

Dudumus

|Indeterminate, potentially new species

|A member of Octodontoidea

Eocardia

|E. montana

"E". excavata

"E". fissa

|A member of Cavioidea

|File:Eocardia.jpg

Neoreomys

|N. australis

|A member of Cavioidea

Perimys

|P. erutus

P. onustus

P. incavatus

|A member of Chinchilloidea

|File:Perimys tooth.png

Phanomys

|P. mixtus

P. vetulus

|A member of Cavioidea

Pliolagostomus

|P. notatus

|A member of Chinchilloidea

Prolagostomus

|P. pusilllus

|A member of Chinchilloidea

Prospaniomys

|Indeterminate, potentially new species

|A member of Octodontoidea

Pseudoacaremys

|P. kramarzi

|A member of the family Acaremyidae (Octodontoidea)

Schistomys

|S. erro

|A member of Cavioidea

Sciamys

|S. principalis

S. varians

S. latidens

|A member of the family Acaremyidae (Octodontoidea)

Scleromys

|S. angustus

|A member of Chinchilloidea

Spaniomys

|S. riparius

S. regularis

|A member of Octodontoidea

Steiromys

|S. dentatus

S. duplicatus

|A member of Erethizontoidea

== Primates ==

class="wikitable" align="center" width="75%"

Name

! Species

! Locality

! Material

! Notes

! Image

Homunculus{{Cite book |last1=Kay |first1=Richard F. |title=Paleobiology of Santacrucian primates |date=2012-10-11 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511667381%23c19461-16-1/type/book_part |work=Early Miocene Paleobiology in Patagonia |pages=306–330 |editor-last=Vizcaíno |editor-first=Sergio F. |edition=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511667381.017 |isbn=978-0-511-66738-1 |access-date=2022-11-22 |last2=Perry |first2=Jonathan M. G. |last3=Malinzak |first3=Michael |last4=Allen |first4=Kari L. |last5=Kirk |first5=E. Christopher |last6=Plavcan |first6=J. Michael |last7=Fleagle |first7=John G. |editor2-last=Kay |editor2-first=Richard F. |editor3-last=Bargo |editor3-first=M. Susana}}{{Cite journal |last1=Fleagle |first1=John G. |last2=Gladman |first2=Justin T. |last3=Kay |first3=Richard F. |date=2022|title=A New Humerus of Homunculus patagonicus, a Stem Platyrrhine from the Santa Cruz Formation (Late Early Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina |url=https://bioone.org/journals/ameghiniana/volume-59/issue-1/AMGH.29.09.2021.3447/A-New-Humerus-of-Homunculus-patagonicus-a-Stem-Platyrrhine-from/10.5710/AMGH.29.09.2021.3447.full |journal=Ameghiniana |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=78–96 |doi=10.5710/AMGH.29.09.2021.3447 |s2cid=244330777 |issn=0002-7014|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Kay |first1=Richard Frederick |last2=Perry |first2=Jonathan Marcus G. |date=2019-12-20 |title=New primates from the Río Santa Cruz and Río Bote (Early-Mid Miocene), Santa Cruz Province, Argentina|url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/289 |journal=Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |doi=10.5710/PEAPA.24.08.2019.289 |issn=2469-0228|doi-access=free}}

|H. patagonicus, H. vizcainoi

|Several skulls, a number of postcranial bones, as well as a partial skeleton

|A New World monkey

|File:Homunculus skull model.jpg

== Meridiolestida ==

class="wikitable"

!Name

!Species

!Locality

!Material

!Notes

!Image

Necrolestes{{Cite web |title=Fossilworks: Necrolestes patagonensis |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=244538 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Paleobiology Database}}

|N. patagonicus

|Skull and postcranial remains

|A mole-like meridiolestidan, youngest known member of the group

|File:Necrolestes.svg