Sebezh

{{Quote box |width=25em |align=left |bgcolor=#B0D4DE

|title=Historical affiliations

|fontsize=85% |quote={{flagicon image|Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-03.svg}} Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1414–1535

{{flagicon image|Lob flag moskovskiy.svg}} Grand Duchy of Moscow 1535–1547

{{flagicon image|Flag of Oryol (variant).svg}} Tsardom of Russia 1547–1618

{{flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1618–1772

{{flag|Russian Empire}} 1772–1917

{{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Republic 1917

{{flagicon image|Flag of Russian SFSR (1918-1937).svg}} Soviet Russia 1917–1922

{{flag|Soviet Union}} 1922–1991

{{flag|Russian Federation}} 1991–present

}}

It was first mentioned in 1414 as a fortress protecting Pskov from the south, when Vytautas of Lithuania sacked it.{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=414}}{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X|year=1889|language=pl|location=Warszawa|pages=484–485}} In 1535 it was captured by Muscovy. Prince Ivan Shuysky built a wooden fortress there in 1535. In the 16th century, the fortress defended the Western approaches to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1581, King Stephen Báthory of Poland demanded the restoration of Siebież from Muscovy to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but to no avail, however Lithuanian and Polish troops recaptured it during the Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618 and held it until the First Partition of Poland. The fortifications of Sebezh, now dismantled, were reinforced at the behest of Peter the Great during the Great Northern War. The castle hill is still dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, built in 1625-1648 and reconsecrated as a Russian Orthodox Church in 1989.

File:Siebiež, Vialikaja. Себеж, Вялікая (1901-18).jpg

From 1802 to 1924, Sebezh was the seat of Sebezhsky Uyezd of Vitebsk Governorate. In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 59.3% Jewish, 22.8% Belarusian, 14.3% Russian, and 2.8% Polish.{{cite book|author=|title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.|volume=V|year=1903|language=ru|pages=76–79}} On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Sebezhsky District, with the administrative center in Sebezh, was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–15 It included parts of former Sebezhsky Uyezd.{{cite web|url=http://classif.spb.ru/sprav/np_lo/139_Sebeghsky_rayon.htm|script-title=ru:Себежский район (август 1927 г. - июнь 1929 г.)|publisher=Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области|language=Russian|access-date=June 27, 2014}} On June 3, 1929, Sebezhsky District was transferred to Western Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935, Western Oblast was abolished and the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, and on February 5 of the same year, Sebezhsky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 4, 1938, the district was transferred to Opochka Okrug. On February 5, 1941, the okrug was abolished. Between July 9, 1941 and July 17, 1944, Sebezh was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Sebezhsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.

{{Historical populations|1867|2909|1886|4051|1897|4326|1989|9497|2002|7138|2010|6375|source=}}

According to the 1939 population census, there were 845 Jews living in Sebezh.

The SS Division “Totenkopf” arrived in the town on July 7, 1941. Many Jews managed to escape during this period, {{citation needed span|date=April 2022|via a cattle car sent by Major Solomon Zharzhavsky to evacuate the city}}. During the entire occupation, which lasted from July 1941 to July 1944, there was an Ortskommandantur in the town. There was an Ordnungsdienst, too. A ghetto was created in September 1941 and existed until March 1942. After that, it was liquidated. During the liquidation, more than 100 Jews were shot in pits. The perpetrators of the shooting were local Russian policemen.{{cite web | url=http://yahadmap.org/#village/sebezh-pskov-russia.535 | title=Yahad - in Unum }}

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Sebezh serves as the administrative center of Sebezhsky District,{{OKATO reference|58 254}} to which it is directly subordinated.Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Sebezh as a part of Sebezhsky District. As a municipal division, the town of Sebezh, together with sixty-eight rural localities, is incorporated within Sebezhsky Municipal District as Sebezh Urban Settlement.Law #420-oz

The M9 Highway, which connects Moscow and Riga, passes Sebezh. Another road connects Sebezh with Opochka. There are also local roads.

The railway connecting Moscow and Riga also passes Sebezh.

File:Здание Костела (базилианский костел святой Троицы).jpg

Sebezh contains one cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally fifteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.{{RKN_base}} The federally protected monument is the Trinity Church, a formerly Catholic church consecrated in 1648, when Sebezh was still part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is probably the oldest baroque structure in Russia.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} As of 2013, the church is closed to the public because of reconstruction.

Sebezh is home to the Sebezh District Museum, founded in 1927 and displaying collections of local interest.{{cite web|url=http://siebiez.org/|script-title=ru:Себежский краеведческий музей|publisher=Себежский краеведческий музей|language=Russian|access-date=August 19, 2012}}

• Semyon Dimanstein, Jewish Soviet state activist, publisher
• Zinovy Gerdt, Russian Soviet actor
• Witold Rudziński, Polish composer

{{Reflist}}

• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|adm|law}}
• {{RussiaAdmMunRef|psk|mun|list}}
• Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988

• Official website of Pskov Oblast. [http://sebezh.reg60.ru/poseleniya/sebezh Information about Sebezh] {{in lang|ru}}
• [http://www.sebezh.ru/ Unofficial website of Sebezh] {{in lang|ru}}

{{Pskov Oblast}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Pskov Oblast