Socotra Rock

In Korean, the rock itself is known as Ieodo or Parangdo. Internationally it is known as Socotra Rock, and in Chinese, it is known as Suyan Islet ({{zh|s=苏岩礁|t=蘇巖礁|p=Sūyán Jiāo|labels=no}}), which means the "rock" (岩/巖, yán) or "reef" (礁, jiāo) outside the coastal waters of Jiangsu (苏/蘇, sū, the abbreviation).{{cite web |url=http://www.china.com.cn/guoqing/2012-03/13/content_24882839.htm |script-title=zh:中国国情·热词·苏岩礁 |date=2012-03-13 |website=china.com.cn |accessdate=2015-11-15|language=zh}}

File:Socotra Rock.jpg]]

File:Ieodo Ocean Research Station in 2021.jpg is built atop Socotra Rock]]

Both "Parangdo" and "Ieodo" are names for the mythical island which the residents of Jeju Island believed housed the spirits of fishermen who perished at sea. The South Korean government has asserted a direct connection between these legends and the modern-day rock, claiming that the traditional saying that "One who sees Parangdo would never return" refers to the danger facing sailors when high waves allow the rock to break the surface.{{cite web|url=http://ieodo.kordi.re.kr/html/leodo_company2.asp|title=이어도 소개 (Ieodo sogae, Introduction to Ieodo|work=KORDI Ieodo Research Station website (This site might have view points in dispute or original research))|accessdate=2006-09-19 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060717141228/http://ieodo.kordi.re.kr/html/leodo_company2.asp |archivedate = 2006-07-17|language=ko}}

Koreans even name the studies about Ieodo as "Ieodology".{{in lang|zh}}张良福:《聚焦中国海疆·话说苏岩礁》, page 255, {{ISBN|978-7-5027-8578-9}}

Socotra Rock's Korean name was officially designated as "Ieodo" on 26 January 2001, by the Korea Institute of Geology.{{cite web|url=http://www.dokdocenter.org/new/island/island_erdo.htm?tb=openb_island_erdo&curDir=etcmenu/island&idx=12&page=1|title=제주 남방의 이어도와 EEZ(배타적경제수역)포기 (Jeju nambang-ui ieodo-wa EEZ pogi, Ieodo south of Jeju and the surrender of the EEZ)|work=Dokdo Center website|date=2004-06-05|access-date=2006-09-22|language=ko|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927141314/http://www.dokdocenter.org/new/island/island_erdo.htm?tb=openb_island_erdo&curDir=etcmenu%2Fisland&idx=12&page=1|archive-date=27 September 2007|df=dmy-all}}

• 1900: Socotra Rock is discovered by the British merchant vessel SS Socotra.
• 1910: Socotra Rock is surveyed by the British vessel Waterwitch, which measures the depth at less than {{convert|5.4|ft}}. Vice Admiral Archibald Day, however, wrote in his book The Admiralty Hydrographic Service, 1795 - 1919 that this survey was 1901 not 1910.{{cite book|last=Day|first=Vice-Admiral Archibald Day|title=The Admiralty Hydrographic Service, 1795 - 1919|year=1967|publisher=HMSO|location=London|pages=200}}
• 1938: The Japanese government surveys the rock. Plans are laid for a research station, but are cut short by the outbreak of World War II.
• 1951: A joint team of the Republic of Korea Navy and the Korea Mountain Climbing Association reaches the rock and lowers a bronze marker bearing the legend "Ieodo, Territory of the Republic of Korea" ("대한민국 영토 이어도") onto its surface.
• 1952: South Korea promulgates the Syngman Rhee Line, which defined the country's territorial waters as including Socotra Rock.{{cite web|url=http://ieodo.kordi.re.kr/html/leodo_company2_3.asp|script-title=ko:국제법적인 고찰|work=Ieodo Research Station website|accessdate=2006-09-22 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060706165936/http://ieodo.kordi.re.kr/html/leodo_company2_3.asp |archivedate = 2006-07-06|language=ko}} This was not recognised by the People's Republic of China or other neighbouring countries.
• 1963: Yuejin shipwreck: The Chinese vessel Yuejin sinks on her maiden voyage en route from Qingdao to Nagoya after being struck by an underwater object. The crew of the ship claimed to have been attacked by a torpedo, causing an international affair. It was later found that due to a navigational error by the crew, the "Yuejin" had actually struck Socotra Rock which was marked on navigational charts at the time.{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com.cn/GB/historic/0501/1406.html|title=1963年5月1日 我国第一艘远洋货轮"跃进号"沉没 ("Yuejin shipwreck" event)|work=人民网资料 (People's Daily Online)|accessdate=2006-09-23|language=zh|archive-date=11 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311232850/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/historic/0501/1406.html|url-status=dead}} This was not recognized by the Koreas or other neighboring countries.
• 1963 5.1-6.3,Shanghai Riverway Bureau fleet finds the shipwreck {{convert|1.5|nmi|km}} southeast of Socotra Rock.{{cite web|url=http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node2245/node4526/node57705/node57733/node57737/userobject1ai44856.html |title=航道工程·第四节：市外工程 (Project list)|work=《上海港志》(Shanghai Harbor Records)|accessdate=2006-09-23|language=zh}}
• 1970: South Korea's Underwater Resource Development Law was enacted, defining Socotra Rock to lie within the country's fourth mining field. This move was not recognised by the PRC.
• 1984: The rock's location is confirmed by a research team from Cheju National University.
• 1987: A warning beacon is placed on the rock by South Korea.
• 1992: Chinese Navy surveyed the Socotra Rock completely for the first time.{{in lang|zh}}沈开江：海军海洋测绘部队东海苏岩礁测量填补空白，海洋科学,1993,(第1期), {{ISSN|1000-3096}}
• 1995-2001: the Republic of Korea builds the Ieodo Ocean Research Station on Socotra Rock despite the objections from People's Republic of China. Several overflights of the area have since been made by the PRC surveillance aircraft.{{cite news | title = China Chafes at Korean Observatory on Reef Island | publisher = Chosun Ilbo |date= 2006-09-14 | url = http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609140017.html | accessdate = 2006-09-14 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061102190745/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200609/200609140017.html |archivedate = 2006-11-02}}
• 2001: the Korea Institute of Geology officially designates the rock as "Ieodo" on 26 January 2001.{{in lang|ko}} [http://ieodo.or.kr/newsnet_board/board.php?board=not02&command=body&no=10/ 한-중 간 이어도 분쟁에 관한 국제법적인 고찰((International)legal consideration to dispute between Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China over Socotra Rock(Ieodo))Monthly Chosun, Chosun ilbo] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130413134519/http://ieodo.or.kr/newsnet_board/board.php?board=not02&command=body&no=10/ |date=13 April 2013 }} Retrieved on 2006-09-20

According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a submerged reef can not be claimed as territory by any country.{{cite web |title=UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, AGREEMENT RELATING TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PART XI OF THE CONVENTION, PART II TERRITORIAL SEA AND CONTIGUOUS ZONE, SECTION 2. LIMITS OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA, Article13 Low-tide elevations |publisher=United Nation |quote=2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an island, it has no territorial sea of its own. |url= https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part2.htm}} In September 2006, the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang ({{lang|zh-Hans|秦刚}}) stated that China regarded South Korea's "unilateral" activities in the region, referring to Korean scientific observatories on Socotra, to be "illegal"; no islands were mentioned, and it was stated that China had no territorial dispute with South Korea.{{in lang|zh}} [http://news.phoenixtv.com/phoenixtv/83934540116000768/20060915/887498.shtml/ 中国反对韩国在苏岩礁海洋观测活动(China objects Korean Observatory on Reef Island)Phoenix TV] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603185630/http://news.phoenixtv.com/phoenixtv/83934540116000768/20060915/887498.shtml |date=3 June 2007 }} Retrieved on 2006-09-19. However, China and South Korea dispute which is entitled to claim it as part of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/28/world/asia/chinas-airspace-claim-inflames-ties-to-south-korea-too.html |title=China's Airspace Claim Inflames Ties to South Korea, Too |first=Choe |last=Sang-Hun |date=27 November 2013 |work=The New York Times}}

• East China Sea EEZ disputes
• Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
• Foreign relations of the Republic of Korea
• Liancourt Rocks
• Parangcho
• Parangdo (disambiguation)
• Senkaku Islands dispute

{{reflist|30em}}

• [https://productforums.google.com/forum/?fromgroups=#!searchin/gec-earth-browsing/ieodo/gec-earth-browsing/0kVS8toHiX8/hO09VpPPFXcJ Google earth Socotra Rock placemark download]
• [https://archive.today/20130219044540/http://ieodo.khoa.go.kr/eng/open_content/main/ Ieodo Ocean Research Station]

{{Territorial disputes in East and South Asia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Disputed waters

Category:Territorial disputes of South Korea

Category:Territorial disputes of China

Category:Landforms of Jeju Province

Category:Landforms of Jiangsu

Category:China–South Korea relations

Category:Landforms of South Korea

Category:Reefs of the Pacific Ocean

Category:Landforms of the Yellow Sea

Category:Individual rocks