Solar eclipse of May 17, 1882
{{Short description|Total eclipse}}
{{Infobox solar eclipse|1882May17
| previous = Solar eclipse of November 21, 1881
| next = Solar eclipse of November 10, 1882
}}
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Wednesday, May 17, 1882, with a magnitude of 1.0200. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.2 days after perigee (on May 13, 1882, at 2:45 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1882&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=29 August 2024}}
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Burkina Faso, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Libya, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and China. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Observations
{{See also|X/1882 K1 (Tewfik)}}
File:Solar eclipse 1882May17-Corona-Wesley-from-Schuster.png
A party of observers gathered in Egypt to watch the eclipse were greatly surprised when they observed a bright streak near to the Sun once totality began. By a remarkable coincidence, the eclipse had coincided with the perihelion passage of a Kreutz comet. The comet would otherwise have gone unnoticed—its sighting during the eclipse was the only observation of it. Photographs of the eclipse revealed that the comet had moved noticeably during the 1m50s eclipse, as would be expected for a comet racing past the Sun at almost 500 km/s. The comet is sometimes referred to as Tewfik, after Tewfik Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt at the time.{{cite journal|last=Marsden|first=Brian G.|title=The sungrazing comet group|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=72|issue=9|pages=1170–1183|bibcode=1967AJ.....72.1170M|year=1967|doi=10.1086/110396}}
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1882 May 17|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1801-1900/SE1882May17Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=29 August 2024}}
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+May 17, 1882 Solar Eclipse Times ! Event ! Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 04:52:19.5 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 05:53:35.0 UTC |
| First Central Line
| 1882 May 17 at 05:53:43.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 05:53:52.2 UTC |
| First Penumbral Internal Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 07:02:13.9 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction
| 1882 May 17 at 07:32:55.8 UTC |
| Greatest Duration
| 1882 May 17 at 07:35:20.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse
| 1882 May 17 at 07:36:26.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction
| 1882 May 17 at 07:41:22.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral Internal Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 08:10:31.0 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 09:19:01.4 UTC |
| Last Central Line
| 1882 May 17 at 09:19:07.3 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 09:19:13.2 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact
| 1882 May 17 at 10:20:37.9 UTC |
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+May 17, 1882 Solar Eclipse Parameters ! Parameter ! Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude
| 1.02000 |
| Eclipse Obscuration
| 1.04040 |
| Gamma
| 0.32688 |
| Sun Right Ascension
| 03h35m45.9s |
| Sun Declination
| +19°19'37.1" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 15'48.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension
| 03h35m34.8s |
| Moon Declination
| +19°38'26.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 15'52.7" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 0°58'16.5" |
| ΔT
| -5.5 s |
{{clear}}
Eclipse season
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of May–June 1882 ! May 17 | |
| 200px | |
| align=center
| Total solar eclipse | Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 138 |
Related eclipses
= Eclipses in 1882 =
- A total solar eclipse on May 17.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 1.
- An annular solar eclipse on November 10.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on November 25.
= Metonic =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 29, 1878
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 5, 1886
= Tzolkinex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 6, 1875
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 28, 1889
= Half-Saros =
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of May 12, 1873
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of May 23, 1891
= Tritos =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 18, 1871
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 16, 1893
= Solar Saros 126 =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of May 6, 1864
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of May 28, 1900
= Inex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of June 6, 1853
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of April 28, 1911
= Triad =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 16, 1795
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 18, 1969
= Solar eclipses of 1880–1884 =
{{Lunar year eclipse set info}}
The solar eclipses on January 11, 1880 (total), July 7, 1880 (annular), and December 31, 1880 (partial) occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on March 27, 1884 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!class="nowrap" colspan="7" | Solar eclipse series sets from 1880 to 1884 |
| scope="col" colspan="3" | Ascending node
| rowspan="6" | ! scope="col" colspan="3" | Descending node |
|---|
| style="text-align: center;"
! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma ! scope="col" | Saros ! scope="col" | Map ! scope="col" | Gamma |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 111 | December 2, 1880 | −1.5172 | 116 | May 27, 1881 | 1.1345 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 121 | November 21, 1881 | −0.8931 | 126 | May 17, 1882 | 0.3269 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 131 | November 10, 1882 | −0.2056 | 136 | May 6, 1883 | −0.4250 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 141 | October 30, 1883 | 0.5030 | 146 | April 25, 1884 | −1.1365 |
| style="text-align: center;"
| 151 | October 19, 1884 | 1.1892 | | | | |
= Saros 126 =
{{Solar Saros series 126}}
= Metonic series =
{{Solar Metonic series 1848–1935}}
= Tritos series =
{{Solar Tritos series 2002 June 10}}
= Inex series =
{{Solar Inex series 2027 February 6}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1801-1900/1882-05-17.gif NASA graphic]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEsearchmap.php?Ecl=18820517 Googlemap]
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsearch/SEdata.php?Ecl=18820517 NASA Besselian elements]
- [http://xjubier.free.fr/en/site_pages/solar_eclipses/Solar_Corona_Shape_pg01.html Sketchs of Solar Corona May 17, 1882]
{{Solar eclipses}}
{{Commons category|Solar eclipse of 1882 May 17}}