South Atlantic tropical cyclone#Tropical Storm Akará

{{Short description|Tropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean}}

File:South Atlantic hurricane tracks.png

South Atlantic tropical cyclones are unusual weather events that occur in the Southern Hemisphere. Strong wind shear, which disrupts the formation of cyclones, as well as a lack of weather disturbances favorable for development in the South Atlantic Ocean, make any strong tropical system extremely rare, and Hurricane Catarina in 2004 is the only recorded South Atlantic hurricane in history. Storms can develop year-round in the South Atlantic, with activity peaking during the months from November through May. Since 2011, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center has assigned names to tropical and subtropical systems in the western side of the basin, near the eastern coast of Brazil, when they have sustained wind speeds of at least {{cvt|65|km/h|mph}}, the generally accepted minimum sustained wind speed for a disturbance to be designated as a tropical storm in the North Atlantic basin. Below is a list of notable South Atlantic tropical and subtropical cyclones.

Theories concerning infrequency of occurrence

It was initially thought that tropical cyclones did not develop within the South Atlantic.{{cite web|title=Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary March 2004 |access-date=7 February 2015 |url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217034249/http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm |author=Padgett, Gary |archive-date=17 December 2015 |url-status=live }} Very strong vertical wind shear in the troposphere is considered a deterrent.{{cite book|author=Landsea, Christopher W |date=13 July 2005 |title=Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question |chapter=Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: G6) Why doesn't the South Atlantic Ocean experience tropical cyclones? |publisher=United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division |access-date=7 February 2015 |chapter-url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327070050/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G6.html |archive-date=27 March 2015 |url-status=live }} The Intertropical Convergence Zone drops one to two degrees south of the equator,{{cite book|title=Atlantic Hurricanes|url=https://archive.org/details/atlantichurrican0000dunn|url-access=registration|author1=Gordon E. Dunn |author2=Banner I. Miller |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Louisiana State University Press|date=1960|asin=B0006BM85S|page=[https://archive.org/details/atlantichurrican0000dunn/page/33 33]}} not far enough from the equator for the Coriolis force to significantly aid development. Water temperatures in the tropics of the southern Atlantic are cooler than those in the tropical north Atlantic.{{cite web|author=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division|title=Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=26 July 2006|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A15.html}}

Although they are rare, during April 1991 the United States' National Hurricane Center (NHC) reported that a tropical cyclone had developed over the Eastern South Atlantic.{{cite report|type=Diagnostic Report of the National Hurricane Center: June and July 1991|title=II. Tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic Basin: A. Overview|author=National Hurricane Center|editor1=McAdie, Colin J|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uiug.30112005414658|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=12 May 2013|pages=10–14|year=1991|hdl=2027/uiug.30112005414658|editor2=Rappaport, Edward N}} In subsequent years, a few systems were suspected to have the characteristics needed to be classified as a tropical cyclone, including in March 1994 and January 2004.{{cite web|title=Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary January 2004 |access-date=7 February 2015 |author=Padgett, Gary |url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0401.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217034249/http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm |archive-date=17 December 2015 |url-status=live }}{{cite conference|publisher=World Meteorological Organization |title=Topic 2a: The Catarina Phenomenon |url=http://severe.worldweather.org/iwtc/document/Topic_2a_Pedro_Silva_Dias.pdf |year=2006 |conference-url=http://severe.worldweather.org/iwtc/ |conference=The Sixth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-VI) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035419/http://severe.worldweather.org/iwtc/document/Topic_2a_Pedro_Silva_Dias.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |location=San José, Costa Rica |pages=329–360 |access-date=7 February 2015 }} During March 2004, an extratropical cyclone formally transitioned into a tropical cyclone and made landfall on Brazil, after becoming a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. While the system was threatening the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, a newspaper used the headline "Furacão Catarina", which was originally presumed to mean "furacão (hurricane) threatening (Santa) Catarina (the state)". After international presses started monitoring the system, "Hurricane Catarina" has formally been adopted.

At the Sixth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-VI) in 2006, it was questioned if any subtropical or tropical cyclones had developed within the South Atlantic before Catarina. It was noted that suspect systems had developed in January 1970, March 1994, January 2004, March 2004, May 2004, February 2006, and March 2006. It was also suggested that an effort should be made to locate any possible systems using satellite imagery and synoptic data; however, it was noted that this effort may be hindered by the lack of any geostationary imagery over the basin before 1966. A study was subsequently performed and published during 2012, which concluded that there had been 63 subtropical cyclones in the Southern Atlantic between 1957 and 2007.{{cite journal|author2=Braun, Aviva J|publisher=American Meteorological Society|year=2012|pages=7328–7340|title=A Climatology of Subtropical Cyclones in the South Atlantic|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00212.1|journal=Journal of Climate|issue=21|author1=Evans, Jenny L|volume = 25|bibcode=2012JCli...25.7328E|doi-access=free}} During January 2009, a subtropical storm developed in the basin, and in March 2010, a tropical storm developed, which was named Anita by the Brazilian public and private weather services.{{cite web|author=Padgett, Gary|date=7 April 2009|title=January 2009 Tropical Weather Summary|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2009/summ0901.htm|access-date=15 April 2010}}{{cite web|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks March 2010 |access-date=7 February 2015 |url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2010/trak1003.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217034249/http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm |author=Padgett, Gary |archive-date=17 December 2015 |url-status=live }} In 2011, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center started to assign names to tropical and subtropical cyclones that develop within its area of responsibility, to the west of 20°W, when they have sustained wind speeds of at least {{cvt|65|km/h|mph}}.{{cite web|title=Normas Da Autoridade Marítima Para As Atividades De Meteorologia Marítima |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/dhn/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.dhn/files/normam/normam_19.pdf |publisher=Brazilian Navy |access-date=5 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206213534/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/dhn/downloads/normam/normam_19.pdf |archive-date=6 February 2015 |language=pt |date=2011 }}

Notable storms and impacts

= Pre-2010s =

==1991 Angola tropical storm==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=01Q 1991-04-12 1100Z.jpg

|Track=

|Formed=10 April 1991

|Dissipated=14 April 1991

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=

}}

A low-pressure area formed over the Congo Basin on 9 April. The next day it moved offshore northern Angola with a curved cloud pattern. It moved westward over an area of warm waters while the circulation became better defined. According to the United States National Hurricane Center, the system was probably either a tropical depression or a tropical storm at its peak intensity. On 14 April, the system rapidly dissipated, as it was absorbed into a large squall line.{{cite book|author=Marcel Leroux|title=The Meteorology and Climate of Tropical Africa|page=314|chapter=Tropical Cyclones|year=2001|publisher=Praxis Publishing Ltd.|isbn=978-3-540-42636-3|access-date=28 March 2013|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v32qnYWh5gQC&q=1991+south+atlantic+storm+congo+april&pg=PA314}} This is the only recorded tropical cyclone in the eastern South Atlantic.

==Hurricane Catarina==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=Catarina 2004-03-27 1630Z.jpg

|Track=Catarina 2004 track.png

|Formed=24 March 2004

|Dissipated=28 March 2004

|1-min winds=85

|Pressure=981

}}

Hurricane Catarina was an extraordinarily rare hurricane-strength tropical cyclone, forming in the southern Atlantic Ocean in March 2004.{{cite web|author1=College of Earth|author2=Mineral Sciences|name-list-style=amp|publisher=Pennsylvania State University|year=2004|access-date=14 May 2009|title=Upper-level lows|url=https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/public/meteo/upperlevel_lows.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214919/https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/public/meteo/upperlevel_lows.html|archive-date=3 March 2016}} Just after becoming a hurricane, it hit the southern coast of Brazil in the state of Santa Catarina on the evening of 28 March, with winds up to {{Convert|100|mph|km/h}} making it a Category 2-equivalent cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.Per IBTRACS best track data Catarina killed 3 to 11 people and caused millions of dollars in damage in Brazil.{{cite news |author=Jefferson Bernardes |date=30 March 2004 |title=First South Atlantic hurricane hits Brazil |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2004-03-28-brazil-storm_x.htm |access-date=23 February 2009}}

At the time, Brazilians were taken completely by surprise, and were initially skeptical that an actual tropical cyclone could have formed in the South Atlantic. Eventually, however, they were convinced, and adopted the previously unofficial name "Catarina" for the storm, after Santa Catarina state. This event is considered by some meteorologists to be a nearly once-in-a-lifetime occurrence.

=2010s=

==Tropical Storm Anita==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=March 2010 TC South Atlantic.jpg

|Track=Anita 2010 track.png

|Formed=8 March 2010

|Dissipated=12 March 2010

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=995

}}

On 8 March 2010, a previously extratropical cyclone developed tropical characteristics and was classified as a subtropical cyclone off the coast of southern Brazil. The following day, the United States Naval Research Laboratory began monitoring the system as a system of interest under the designation of 90Q. The National Hurricane Center also began monitoring the system as Low SL90. During the afternoon of 9 March, the system had attained an intensity of {{cvt|55|km/h|mph}} and a barometric pressure of 1000 hPa (mbar). It was declared a tropical storm on 10 March and became extratropical late on 12 March.{{Cite web|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523110742/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html|archive-date=2007-05-23|title=South American Synopsis |date=May 22, 2007 |website=The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center }} Anita's accumulated cyclone energy was estimated at 2.0525 by the Florida State University. There was no damage associated to the storm, except high sea in the coasts of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Post mortem, the cyclone was given the name "Anita" by private and public weather centers in Southern Brazil.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Meteorological Service |date=March 2010 |title=Monitoramento – Ciclone tropical na costa gaúcha |url=http://www.metsul.com/blog/ |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228054140/http://www.metsul.com/blog/ |archive-date=28 February 2010 }}

==Subtropical Storm Arani==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Arani 2011-03-16 1540Z.jpg

|Track=Arani 2011 track.png

|Formed=14 March 2011

|Dissipated=16 March 2011

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=998

}}

Early on 14 March 2011, the Navy Hydrographic Center-Brazilian Navy (SMM), in coordination with the National Institute of Meteorology, were monitoring an organizing area of convection near the southeast coast of Brazil.{{cite web |author=Chura |author2=Ledesma |author3=Davison |title=South American Synopsis |publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=14 March 2011 |url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224082612/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html |archive-date=24 December 2010 }} Later that day a low-pressure area developed just east of Vitória, Espírito Santo,{{cite web|author=Chura |author2=Ledesma |author3=Davison |title=South American Synopsis (2) |publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=14 March 2011 |url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa21.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101134630/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa21.html |archive-date=1 January 2011 }} and by 12:00 UTC, the system organized into a subtropical depression, located about {{cvt|140|km|mi}} east of Campos dos Goytacazes.{{cite web|author=Marine Meteorological Service |publisher=Brazil Navy Hydrographic Center |date=14 March 2011 |title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Referent Analysis 1200 GMT – 14/MAR/2011 |access-date=14 March 2011 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 }} Guided by a trough and a weak ridge to its north, the system moved slowly southeastward over an area of warm waters,{{cite web|author=Chura |author2=Ledesma |author3=Davison |title=South American Synopsis (3) |publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |date=15 March 2011 |access-date=15 March 2011 |url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa21.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101134630/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa21.html |archive-date=1 January 2011 }}{{cite web|author=Chura |author2=Ledesma |author3=Davison |title=South American Synopsis (4) |publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center |date=15 March 2011 |access-date=15 March 2011 |url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224082612/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/fxsa20.html |archive-date=24 December 2010 }} intensifying into Subtropical Cyclone Arani on 15 March,{{cite web|author=Marine Meteorological Service |publisher=Brazil Navy Hydrographic Center |date=15 March 2011 |title=Severe Weather Warnings |access-date=15 March 2011 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/avisos/avisosing.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709024728/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/avisos/avisosing.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 }} as named by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center,{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/avisos/avisosing.htm |title=Severe Weather Warnings – 11 March 2011 |date=11 March 2011 |publisher=Brazilian Navy |access-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709024728/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/avisos/avisosing.htm |archive-date=9 July 2011 }} and achieving its lowest pressure.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL ARANI - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_arani.pdf|lang=pt}} The storm was classified as subtropical, as the convection was east of the center. On 16 March, Arani began experiencing {{cvt|25|kn|m/s km/h mph}} of wind shear because another frontal system bumped it from behind.{{cite web|author=Rob Gutro|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration|date=15 March 2011|title=NASA's Aqua Satellite Spots Rare Southern Atlantic Sub-tropical Storm|access-date=15 March 2011|url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2011/h2011_90L.html}} As it moved east-southeastwards, it achieved its highest winds as it transitioned back to an extratropical cyclone, process that was concluded on early 17 March.

Before it developed into a subtropical cyclone, Arani produced torrential rains over portions of southeastern Brazil, resulting in flash flooding and landslides. Significant damage was reported in portions of Espírito Santo, though specifics are unknown.{{cite web|author=Unattributed|publisher=Climatempo|date=16 March 2011|access-date=19 March 2011|title=Arani – tempestade subtropical afasta-se da costa do ES|url=http://www.climatempo.com.br/destaques/2011/03/16/arani-tempestade-subtropical-afasta-se-da-costa-do-es/|language=pt}} Increased swells along the coast prompted ocean travel warnings.{{cite web|author=Unattributed|publisher=Jornal De Tempo|date=16 March 2011|access-date=19 March 2011|title=Após formar um olho, ciclone subtropical Arani perde força nesta quarta|url=http://jornaldotempo.uol.com.br/noticias.html/52249/|language=pt}}

==Subtropical Storm Bapo==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Bapo 2015-02-06 1630Z.jpg

|Track=Bapo 2015 track.png

|Formed=5 February 2015

|Dissipated=7 February 2015

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=992

}}

On 5 February 2015, a subtropical depression developed about {{convert|105|nmi|km mi|round=5}} to the southeast of São Paulo, Brazil.{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre |access-date=5 February 2015 |date=5 February 2015 |title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Referent Analysis 1200 UTC for 5 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 }} During the next day, low-level baroclinity decreased around the system, as it moved southeastwards away from the Brazilian coast and into anomalously warm waters, where it intensified further.{{Cite web|url=http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=fxsa21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923004305/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=fxsa21|archive-date=2011-09-23|title=South American Forecast Discussion |website=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center}}{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL BAPO - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_bapo.pdf|lang=pt}} The system was named Bapo by the Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center during 6 February as it had intensified into a subtropical storm.{{cite news|url=http://thevane.gawker.com/rare-subtropical-storm-forms-off-the-coast-of-brazil-1684420069 |title=Rare Subtropical Storm Forms off the Coast of Brazil |newspaper=Gawker |access-date=8 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208225137/http://thevane.gawker.com/rare-subtropical-storm-forms-off-the-coast-of-brazil-1684420069 |archive-date=8 February 2015 |last1=Mersereau |first1=Dennis }}{{cite web|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_06022015.pdf|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|access-date=6 February 2015|date=6 February 2015|title=Análise Sinótica – 06/02/2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210940/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_06022015.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015}} Over the next couple of days the system continued to move south-eastwards, achieving its peak intensity just before it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone during 8 February.{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Referent Analysis 0000 UTC – 08/FEB/2015 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center – Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=8 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 }}

==Subtropical Storm Cari==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Cari Mar 11 2015 1255Z.jpg

|Track=Cari 2015 track.png

|Formed=10 March 2015

|Dissipated=13 March 2015

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=998

}}

On 10 March 2015, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy began issuing warnings on Subtropical Depression 3 during early afternoon,{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031012.jpg|publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre|access-date=11 March 2015|date=10 March 2015|title=Análise Sinótica de 1200 UTC|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403005708/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031012.jpg}} while the Center for Weather Forecast and Climatic Studies (CPTEC in Portuguese) already assigned the name Cari for the storm.{{cite web|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_10032015.pdf|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|access-date=11 March 2015|date=10 March 2015|title=Análise Sinótica – 10/03/2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111751/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_10032015.pdf|archive-date=2 April 2015}} At 00:00 UTC on 11 March, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy upgraded Cari to a subtropical storm, also assigning this name to it.{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre |access-date=11 March 2015 |date=11 March 2015 |title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Referent Analysis 0000 UTC – 11/03/2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 }}{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL CARI - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_cari.pdf|lang=pt}} On 12 March, the Brazilian Hydrographic Center downgraded Cari to a subtropical depression as it achieved its lowest pressure,{{cite web|url=https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031200.jpg|publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre|access-date=12 March 2015|date=12 March 2015|title=Análise Sinótica de 0000 UTC|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403054158/https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031200.jpg}} while the CPTEC stated that the storm had become a "Hybrid cyclone"{{cite web|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/noticias/noticia/127378|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|access-date=12 March 2015|date=12 March 2015|title=Análise Sinótica – 12/03/2015|archive-date=25 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525131230/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/noticias/noticia/127378|url-status=dead}} as it moved away from the continental coastline. During early afternoon of 13 March, the Brazilian Navy declared that Cari became a remnant low.{{cite web|url=https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031312.jpg|publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre|access-date=14 March 2015|date=13 March 2015|title=Análise Sinótica de 1200 UTC|archive-date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408122623/https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15031312.jpg}}

Cari brought heavy rainfall, flooding and landslides to eastern cities of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states as it interacted with a South Atlantic Convergence Zone.{{cite web|url=http://www.metsul.com/blog2012/Home/home/843/Cari_%C3%A9_rebaixado_ao_enfraquecer_e_ciclone_se_afasta_do_continente|publisher=Metsul|access-date=14 March 2015|date=12 March 2015|title=Cari é rebaixado ao enfraquecer e ciclone se afasta do continente|language=pt|archive-date=22 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322070735/http://www.metsul.com/blog2012/Home/home/843/Cari_%C3%A9_rebaixado_ao_enfraquecer_e_ciclone_se_afasta_do_continente}} Rain totals from {{cvt|100|to|180|mm|in}} were observed associated with the storms and wind topped {{cvt|75|km/h|mph}} in Cabo de Santa Marta. A Navy buoy registered a {{convert|20|ft|m|0|adj=on|order=flip}} wave off the coast of Santa Catarina.

==Subtropical Storm Deni==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Deni 2016-11-16 1645Z.jpg

|Track=Deni 2016 track.png

|Formed=15 November 2016

|Dissipated=16 November 2016

|1-min winds=40

|Pressure=998

}}

On 15 November 2016, instability areas associated with a trough axis over Rio de Janeiro's coastline led to the formation of a subtropical depression southwest of it.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL DENI - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_deni.pdf|lang=pt}}{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Issued at 1200 UTC – 15/NOV/2016 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center |access-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 |date=15 November 2016 }} It intensified into a subtropical storm and received the name Deni on 16 November.{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Issued at 0000 UTC – 16/NOV/2016|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=16 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116034310/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm|archive-date=16 November 2016|date=16 November 2016}} Moving south-southeastwards, Deni soon became extratropical shortly before 00:00 UTC on 17 November,{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Issued at 0000 UTC – 17/NOV/2016 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center |access-date=17 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 |date=17 November 2016 }} where it was absorbed by a mid-latitude frontal system.

==Subtropical Storm Eçaí==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Eçaí 2016-12-05 1655Z.jpg

|Track=Eçaí 2016 track.png

|Formed=4 December 2016

|Dissipated=6 December 2016

|1-min winds=55

|Pressure=992

}}

An extratropical cyclone entered the South Atlantic Ocean from Santa Catarina early on 4 December 2016.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 4 Dec 2016|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C16120400.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=5 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205084452/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C16120400.jpg|archive-date=5 December 2016|language=pt|format=JPEG|date=4 December 2016}} Later, it intensified quickly and then transitioned into a subtropical storm shortly before 22:00 BRST (00:00 UTC on 5 December), with the name Eçaí assigned by the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy.{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Issued at 0000 UTC – 05/DEC/2016 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center |access-date=5 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 |date=5 December 2016 }} Eçaí started to decay on 5 December as it moved Into cooler waters, and weakened into a subtropical depression at around 00:00 UTC on 6 December.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL EÇAÍ - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_ecai.pdf|lang=pt}}{{cite web|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Issued at 0000 UTC – 06/DEC/2016 |url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center |access-date=6 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 |date=6 December 2016 }} As it decayed and lost its subtropical characteristics, its center divided in two, with the new center moving away southeastwards and the old one degrading into a remnant frontal low.

==Subtropical Storm Guará==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Guará 2017-12-10 1225Z.jpg

|Track=Guará 2017 track.png

|Formed=9 December 2017

|Dissipated=10 December 2017

|1-min winds=40

|Pressure=996

}}

According to the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center, on 8 December 2017 a South Atlantic Convergence Zone aligned with a through axis led to the formation of several instability areas.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL GUARÁ - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_guara.pdf|lang=pt}} On 9 December a subtropical storm formed from this setup, on border between Espírito Santo and Bahia, moving southeastwards away from land.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletim.htm|title=METEOROMARINHA REFERENTE ANALISE DE 1200 HMG – 09/DEZ/2017|date=9 December 2017|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060131224347/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletim.htm|archive-date=31 January 2006|access-date=9 December 2017}}{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 9 Dec 2017|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17120912.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=9 December 2017|format=JPEG|date=9 December 2017|archive-date=10 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015829/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17120912.jpg}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_09122017.pdf|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|access-date=9 December 2017|date=9 December 2017|title=Análise Sinótica – 09/12/2017|archive-date=10 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210021941/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_09122017.pdf}} On late 10 December, a Cold front pushed Guará southwards towards cooler waters, where it started transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. On early 11 December Guará attained its peak intensity,{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 11 Dec 2017|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17121100.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=11 December 2017|format=JPEG|date=11 December 2017|archive-date=12 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193157/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17121100.jpg}} shortly thereafter degenerating into a low-pressure area associated with a through axis.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 11 Dec 2017|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17121112.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=11 December 2017|format=JPEG|date=11 December 2017|archive-date=12 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193138/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C17121112.jpg}}

==Tropical Storm Iba==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=Iba 2019-03-25 1615Z.jpg

|Track=Iba 2019 track.png

|Formed=23 March 2019

|Dissipated=27 March 2019

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=1006

}}

According to the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center, on 22 March 2019, a low-pressure area formed off the coast of Bahia after the passage of a frontal system.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE TROPICAL IBA - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_iba.pdf|lang=pt}} On the next day, the cyclone developed a deep warm-core, thus being designated as a tropical depression.{{cite web |title=Análise Sinótica |url=http://img0.cptec.inpe.br/~rgptimg/Produtos-Pagina/Carta-Sinotica/Analise/Superficie/superficie_atual.gif |publisher=CPTEC |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323170653/http://img0.cptec.inpe.br/~rgptimg/Produtos-Pagina/Carta-Sinotica/Analise/Superficie/superficie_atual.gif |archive-date=23 March 2019 |language=pt |format=GIF |date=23 March 2019}}{{cite web |title=WARNING NR 205/2019 |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323171340/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |archive-date=23 March 2019 |date=23 March 2019}} On 24 March, the system intensified into a tropical storm, receiving the name Iba from the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center. After moving southwestward for a couple of days, on 26 March, Iba reached its peak intensity. Afterward, a cold front would approach the storm, which helped intensify the wind shear impacting Iba, leading to its weakening and extratropical transition. On early 28 March, Iba would degenerate into a remnant low, becoming fully extratropical a day later.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=28&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=3&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2019&field_horario_value=12HMG|title=Cartas sinóticas 28 de março|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=10 May 2021|format=JPEG|date=28 March 2019|language=pt}}

Iba was the first tropical storm to develop in the basin since Anita in 2010, as well as the first fully tropical system to be named from the Brazilian naming list.{{cite web |title=WARNING NR 208/2019 |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=24 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324170626/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |archive-date=24 March 2019 |date=24 March 2019}}

==Subtropical Storm Jaguar==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Jaguar 2019-05-21 1605Z.jpg

|Track=Jaguar 2019 track.png

|Formed=19 May 2019

|Dissipated=21 May 2019

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=1010

}}

According to the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center, on 19 May 2019 several instability areas formed from a through axis off the coast of Espírito Santo, which later coalesced into a subtropical depression.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL JAGUAR - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=22 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_jaguar.pdf|lang=pt}} On 20 May, the system strengthened into a subtropical storm, receiving the name Jaguar from the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center.{{cite web |title=WARNING NR 422/2019 |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=20 May 2019 |date=20 May 2019 |archive-date=24 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324170626/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings |url-status=dead }} However, the system did not intensify any further, as it soon encountered unfavorable conditions while moving southeastwards, weakening into a subtropical depression on early 21 May. Later that day, Jaguar degenerated into several sparse instability areas associated with a low-pressure area, which was absorbed by a frontal system on 22 May.

=2020s=

== Subtropical Storm Kurumí ==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Kurumí 2020-01-24.jpg

|Track=Kurumí 2020 track.png

|Formed=23 January 2020

|Dissipated=24 January 2020

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=998

}}

On 21 January 2020, the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center began monitoring an area of persisting thunderstorms near São Paulo for potential subtropical cyclone development. Generally tracking southeastward, the system began to organize within the afternoon hours of 22 January, aided by the establishment of a South Atlantic Convergence Zone, and was designated a subtropical depression in the early hours of 23 January.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL KURUMÍ - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_kurumi.pdf|lang=pt}} Several hours later, due to a lack of wind shear, the system intensified into a subtropical storm and was given the name Kurumí.{{cite web|title=WARNINGS AND FORECASTS- SUBTROPICAL STORM KURUMI|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings|publisher=Marine Meteorological Service|access-date=24 January 2020|date=24 January 2020|archive-date=24 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324170626/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings|url-status=dead}} After this bout of intensification, Kurumí moved southward and began to succumb to much more unfavorable conditions. It weakened back to a subtropical depression on late 24 January, due to an intensification of wind shear over its circulation due to the formation of an extratropical cyclone to its southeast.{{Cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings|title=SPECIAL WARNING – SUBTROPICAL DEPRESSION "KURUMI"|date=25 January 2020|website=Centro de Hidrografia da Marinha: MARINHA DO BRASIL|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125202928/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm/warnings-and-forecasts/warnings|archive-date=25 January 2020}} The last advisory was issued on Kurumí later that same day, as it degenerated into a trough while also beginning to merge with the nearby frontal system.

The front associated with Kurumí would later play a role in the 2020 Brazilian floods and mudslides, producing heavy rainfall. Over 171.8 mm (6.76 in) of rain fell in the Belo Horizonte metro area on 24 January, triggering a landslide and killing 3 people and leaving 1 missing.{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/25/c_138732892.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125162136/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/25/c_138732892.htm|archive-date=25 January 2020|title=Heavy rains cause casualties, damage in southeast Brazilian region|date=24 January 2020|work=Xinhua News|access-date=1 February 2020}}

==Subtropical Storm Mani==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Mani 2020-10-26 1555Z.jpg

|Track=Mani 2020 track.png

|Formed=25 October 2020

|Dissipated=27 October 2020

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=1004

}}

According to the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy, on 24 October 2020, a trough axis persisted off the coast of the border between Espírito Santo and Bahia, which led to the formation of a subtropical depression on the next day.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL MANI - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_mani.pdf|lang=pt}}{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 25 October 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20102512.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=25 October 2020|format=JPEG|date=25 October 2020|language=pt}} Later that day it intensified into a subtropical storm, which led it to be named Mani at 00:00 UTC on 26 October.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 26 October 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20102600.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=26 October 2020|format=JPEG|date=26 October 2020|language=pt}} As it moved away from a South Atlantic Convergence Zone on 27 October, Mani gradually lost its subtropical characteristics, until it weakened to a low pressure area.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 28 October 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20102800.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=26 October 2020|format=JPEG|date=26 October 2020|language=pt}}

The storm caused significant damage in Espírito Santo, with landslides of stones and earth leaving more than 400 people homeless.{{cite web|url=https://portal.inmet.gov.br/noticias/tempestade-subtropical-mani-causou-chuva-no-estado-do-esp%C3%ADrito-santo-neste-fim-de-semana|title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL MANI FAVORECEU A OCORRÊNCIA DE CHUVA NO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO NESTE FIM DE SEMANA.|language=Portuguese|website=portal.inmet.gov.br|author=Maisa Pereira de Souza|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia|date=27 October 2020|access-date=16 February 2021}} The storm also impacted almost the entire state of Minas Gerais and the northern region of Rio de Janeiro.{{cite web|url=https://metsul.com/ciclone-no-sudeste-tempestade-subtropical-mani-se-forma/|title=CICLONE NO SUDESTE – TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL MANÍ SE FORMA|language=Portuguese|author=|publisher=Metsul|date=26 October 2020|access-date=16 February 2021}}

==Subtropical Storm Oquira==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Oquira 2020-12-29 1710Z.jpg

|Track=Oquira 2020 track.png

|Formed=27 December 2020

|Dissipated=30 December 2020

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=998

}}

According to the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy, on 26 December 2020, the prior presence of a South Atlantic Convergence Zone and the subsequent passage of a frontal system led to the presence of several instability areas off the coast east of Rio Grande do Sul,{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL OQUIRA - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_oquira.pdf|lang=pt}} which coalesced into a subtropical depression a day later.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 27 December 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20122712.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=28 December 2020|format=JPEG|date=27 December 2020|language=pt}} Moving southwestward, the system's central pressure dropped to {{convert|1010|mbar|inHg}} by 00:00 UTC on 28 December.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 28 December 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20122800.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=28 December 2020|format=JPEG|date=28 December 2020|language=pt}} Later that day, the system's winds intensified, and it was named Oquira by the Brazilian Hydrographic Center.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 28 December 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c20122812.jpg|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|access-date=28 December 2020|format=JPEG|date=28 December 2020|language=pt}} On 29 December, Oquira continued to strengthen, deepening while heading further southwestward away from the Brazilian mainland, and reaching a pressure of {{convert|1002|mbar|inHg}}.{{Cite web|title=Weather And Sea Bulletin Issued 1200 UTC – 29 / DEC / 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-meteoromarinha/weather-and-sea-bulletin|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229171605/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-meteoromarinha/weather-and-sea-bulletin|archive-date=29 December 2020|website=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|language=pt}} Afterwards, Oquira's movements shifted southeastwards, and its winds decreased as it started to lose its subtropical characteristics, weakening to a subtropical depression on 30 December, but its pressure continued to drop, bottoming out at a minimum central pressure of {{convert|998|mbar|inHg}}.{{Cite web|title=Weathed And Sea Bulletin Issued 1200 UTC – 30 / DEC / 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-meteoromarinha/weather-and-sea-bulletin|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230165342/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-meteoromarinha/weather-and-sea-bulletin|archive-date=30 December 2020|website=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|language=pt}} Later that day, Oquira transitioned into an extratropical low, and the Hydrographic Center issued their final advisory on the storm as it was absorbed by a frontal system.{{Cite web|title=Bad Weather Warnings / Thu 31 December 2020|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230214648/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|archive-date=30 December 2020|website=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|language=pt}}

==Tropical Storm 01Q==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=01Q 2021-02-06 Suomi NPP.jpg

|Track=01Q 2021 track.png

|Formed=4 February 2021

|Dissipated=6 February 2021

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=990

}}

On 4 February 2021, an extratropical storm off the coast of Rio Grande do Sul developed into a bomb cyclone.{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/2021/02/04/raro-no-verao-ciclone-bomba-se-forma-na-fronteira-entre-brasil-e-uruguai|title=Raro no verão, ciclone bomba se forma na fronteira entre Brasil e Uruguai|author=Bruna Ostermann|language=Portuguese|publisher=Cable News Network|date=4 February 2021|access-date=16 February 2021}} On 6 February, the storm began separating from its weather fronts and developed subtropical characteristics, before fully separating from the frontal zone and transitioning into a fully-tropical storm later that day. As a result, the NOAA classified the system as a tropical storm at 17:30 UTC, with the system being designated as Tropical Storm 01Q.{{cite web|url=https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/DATA/2021/bulletins/satl/20210206173001Q.html|title=01Q (Noname) – 1730 UTC|author=Boris A. Konon|publisher=NOAA|date=6 February 2021|access-date=7 February 2021}} However, the storm was short-lived, as it lost its tropical characteristics several hours later, with the NOAA issuing their final bulletin on the storm at 23:30 UTC that day. The storm dissipated soon afterward.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/storms/01Q.html|title=01Q|publisher=NOAA|date=6 February 2021|access-date=6 February 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210207003705/https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/storms/01Q.html|archive-date=7 February 2021}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/DATA/2021/bulletins/satl/20210206233001Q.html|title=01Q (Noname) – 2330 UTC|author=Adam Clark|publisher=NOAA|date=6 February 2021|access-date=7 February 2021}} Although the NOAA issued bulletins on the storm, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy did not monitor it.

== Subtropical Depression #01-2021==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=02Q 2021-02-16 1947Z.jpg

|Track=02Q 2021 track.png

|Formed=14 February 2021

|Dissipated=16 February 2021

|1-min winds=30

|Pressure=1002

}}

On 13 February 2021, according to the Brazilian Navy, instability areas associated with a low-pressure area off the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul acquired subtropical characteristics on the next day, becoming a subtropical depression about {{convert|700|km|mi}} from the state.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=DEPRESSÃO SUBTROPICAL #01-2021 - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=25 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_2021_fev_ds-01.pdf|lang=pt}}{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-meteoromarinha/weather-and-sea-bulletin|title=Weather and Sea Bulletin|author=|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|date=14 February 2021|access-date=16 February 2021}} For the next few days, the storm slowly meandered southeastward and then southwestward alongside a trough axis to its east, until it lost its subtropical characteristics over high seas on 17 February, becoming a remnant low.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=17&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=2&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2021&field_horario_value=12HMG|title=Cartas Sinóticas|author=|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|date=17 February 2021|access-date=18 February 2021}}

The Brazilian Navy noted in its post-season analysis that on late 14 February the system could have intensified into a subtropical storm, since the radiometer built into the AMSR-2 satellite found winds of 35 knots, but it wasn't upgraded because no other measurement confirmed such findings.

== Subtropical Storm Potira==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Type=subtropical

|Image=Potira 2021-04-23 1235Z.jpg

|Track=Potira 2021 track.png

|Formed=19 April 2021

|Dissipated=24 April 2021

|1-min winds=40

|Pressure=1006

}}

A low south of Rio de Janeiro transitioned into a subtropical depression on 19 April 2021.{{cite web |title=WEATHER AND SEA BULLETIN ISSUED 1200 UTC 19/APR/2021 |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210420034042/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |archive-date=20 April 2021 |date=19 April 2021}}

On 20 April 2021, the system intensified into a subtropical storm, which Brazilian Navy then decided to name it Potira.{{Cite web |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo |title=Avisos de Mau Tempo | Centro de Hidrografia da Marinha |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230214648/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo }} Potira moved slowly northeastwards for a couple of days over unusually warmer waters, favorable upper-level tropospheric winds and strong low-level convergence, which led to its intensification and persistence of its peak intensity until 23 April.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL POTIRA - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_potira.pdf|lang=pt}} As it completed a clockwise loop, Potira weakened into a subtropical depression, with the Brazilian Navy downgrading it to a low-pressure area on late 24 January.{{cite web | url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=25&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=4&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2021&field_horario_value=12HMG | title=Cartas Sinóticas | Centro de Hidrografia da Marinha }}

The storm caused a gale in the Copacabana fort and the gusts of wind went over {{cvt|60|km/h}}.{{Cite web|url=https://metsul.com/ciclone-potira-traz-vento-forte-no-rio-de-janeiro/|title=Ciclone Potira traz vento forte no Rio de Janeiro|date=20 April 2021}} In the municipalities of Balneário Camboriú and Florianópolis (SC), the hangover caused by Potira caused flooding in the streets and damage to the sidewalks.{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2021/04/26/apos-semana-com-tempestade-subtropical-litoral-de-sc-registra-alagamentos-com-mare-alta.ghtml|title=Após semana com tempestade subtropical, litoral de SC registra alagamentos com maré alta|website=G1|date=26 April 2021 }} The ports of Itajaí and Navegantes were closed for 3 days. No economic or material damage caused by the cyclone has been reported.{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2021/04/24/portos-de-itajai-e-navegantes-sao-reabertos-apos-alivio-da-tempestade-potira.ghtml|title=Portos de Itajaí e Navegantes são reabertos após tempestade subtropical perder força|website=G1|date=24 April 2021 }}

== Subtropical Storm Raoni ==

{{Infobox hurricane small

|Basin=SATL

|Type=subtropical

|Image= Raoni 2021-06-29 1728Z.jpg

|Track=Raoni 2021 track.png

|Formed=29 June 2021

|Dissipated=1 July 2021

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=986

}}

An extratropical cyclone formed on 26 June 2021, about {{convert|520|km|abbr=on}} east-southeast of Montevideo, Uruguay, associated with a cold airmass that acted over the region.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL RAONI - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_raoni.pdf|lang=pt}} On the next day, the cyclone acquired a warm seclusion while intensifying, while it moved westwards and separated from the frontal system it was previously attached to. As the system occluded, the seclusion deepened and started to acquire subtropical characteristics, which led it to be designated as a subtropical storm on 29 June.{{cite web |title=WEATHER AND SEA BULLETIN ISSUED 28/JUN/2021 1200Z |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=29 June 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210629032003/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |archive-date=29 June 2021 |date=28 June 2021}} It remained unnamed due to it being outside of the Brazilian Navy's area of responsibility.{{cite web |title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 29/JUN/2021 – 00Z |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c21062900.jpg |publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |access-date=29 June 2021}} By 23:30 UTC on 28 June, the Satellite Products and Services Division of the NESDIS declared the system to have become a tropical storm, based on a Dvorak rating of 3.5,{{cite report|url=https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/DATA/2021/bulletins/satl/202106282330IN1.html|title=TXST21 KNES 290105|author=Kyle Matthew Hosley|date=28 June 2021|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=29 June 2021}} assigning an invest tag to it. Although being affected by strong wind shear to its north due to a subtropical jet caused by the presence of a frontal system nearby, it further intensified and achieved a minimum pressure {{convert|986|mbar|inHg}}, while tracking northeastwards towards the Brazilian area of authority.{{cite web |title=Bad Weather Notices 29/JUN/2021 12Z|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629131030/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |archive-date=29 June 2021|access-date=29 June 2021}} At around 12:00 UTC on the next day, as the storm entered the boundary of METAREA V, Brazilian Navy's area of responsibility, thus it was assigned the name Raoni.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=29&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=6&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2021&field_horario_value=12HMG|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart, 12Z|work=Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center|date=29 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021}} Continuing moving northeastwards, Raoni further developed an eye feature as well as a robust band to the east of the system.{{cite web|url=https://metsul.com/ciclone-raoni-na-costa-tem-algumas-caracteristicas-de-furacao-e-nao-oferece-perigo/|title=Ciclone Raoni na Costa Tem Algumas Características de Furacao e Năo Oferece Perigo|work=Metsul Meteorologia|date=29 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210630063459/https://metsul.com/ciclone-raoni-na-costa-tem-algumas-caracteristicas-de-furacao-e-nao-oferece-perigo/|archive-date=30 June 2021|url-status=live}} Raoni began to weaken by 30 June, as the subtropical jet broke the barotropic flow over it, and NESDIS dropped the tag as it lost its convective bands.{{cite web |title=Bad Weather Notices 30/JUN/2021 12Z|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630182208/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|publisher=Marine Meteorological Service |archive-date=30 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021}} On 1 July, Raoni lost its subtropical characteristics and degenerated into a low-pressure area.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=2&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=7&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2021&field_horario_value=00HMG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630182208/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo |archive-date=30 June 2021 |title=2021/07/02 Sea Level Pressure Chart, 00Z|work=Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center|date=2 July 2021|access-date=2 July 2021}}

The predecessor extratropical cyclone of Raoni caused heavy rains and strong winds gust up to {{cvt|104|km/h|mph}}, downing trees and causing damages to different public and private establishments across Punta del Este.{{cite news|title=Ciclone Causa Estragos no Uruguai e se Aproxima Do Rio Grande do Sul|url=https://metsul.com/ciclone-causa-estragos-no-uruguai-e-se-aproxima-do-rio-grande-do-sul/|date=28 June 2021|access-date=30 June 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210630064714/https://metsul.com/ciclone-causa-estragos-no-uruguai-e-se-aproxima-do-rio-grande-do-sul/|archive-date=30 June 2021|work=Metsul Meteorologia|url-status=live}} The area's waters were also rough due to the storm. Downpours with continuous gales were also experienced in Uruguay's capital Montevideo. From 24 June to 2 July, Raoni channeled cold air from Antarctica into portions of South America, leading to an unusually potent cold wave across Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil, with the temperature dropping as much as 15 °C (27 °F) below average in some areas. The combination of the cyclone and the cold wave also produced snowfall across the southern portion of South America, with snowfall observed as far north as southern Brazil.{{cite news|url=https://www.severe-weather.eu/global-weather/south-hemisphere-america-cold-winter-outbreak-fa/|title=Unusually strong cold weather outbreak spreads from Antarctica into central South America, bringing early winter temperature records and first snowfall after decades|author=Andrej Flis|work=Severe Weather Europe|date=4 July 2021|access-date=23 July 2021}}

==Subtropical Storm Ubá==

{{Infobox hurricane small

|Basin=SATL

|Image=Ubá 2021-12-10 1210Z.jpg

|Track=Ubá 2021 track.png

|Formed=9 December 2021

|Dissipated=12 December 2021

|1-min winds=35

|Type=subtropical

|Pressure=997

}}

On 9 December 2021, instability areas remained off the coast of Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro after the passage of a frontal system and a South Atlantic Convergence Zone.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL UBÁ - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_uba.pdf|lang=pt}}{{cite news |title=Baixa pressão no mar provoca temporais em SP e RJ |url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/climatempo/baixa-pressao-no-mar-provoca-temporais-em-sp-e-rj,f08ba4321980716ecb7ff022fd8b82091hvqq5at.html |access-date=12 December 2021 |agency=Terra (company) |date=6 December 2021 |language=Portuguese |archive-date=12 December 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211212021208/https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/climatempo/baixa-pressao-no-mar-provoca-temporais-em-sp-e-rj,f08ba4321980716ecb7ff022fd8b82091hvqq5at.html |url-status=live }} Overnight the system coalesced into an occluded front, which transitioned into a subtropical depression.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=10&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=12&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2021&field_horario_value=12HMG|title=2021/12/10 Sea Level Pressure Chart, 00Z|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center – Marine Meteorological Service|date=10 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021}} On the morning of the next day, the system was upgraded to subtropical storm status, receiving the name Ubá.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|title=Bad Weather Notices 10/Dec/2021 13Z|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center – Marine Meteorological Service|date=10 December 2021|access-date=10 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210132155/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-avisos-de-mau-tempo/avisos-de-mau-tempo|archive-date=10 December 2021}} On 11 December Ubá gradually weakened while moving southeastwards, being downgraded to depression status. It degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area on the next day.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=&field_horario_value=12HMG|title=2021/12/13 Sea Level Pressure Chart, 12Z|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center – Marine Meteorological Service|date=13 December 2021|access-date=13 December 2021}}

The precursor extratropical cyclone and South Atlantic Convergence Zone caused heavy rains in Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, where heavy precipitation accumulated {{cvt|450|mm}} in Itamaraju and {{cvt|331|mm|0}} in Monte Formoso, killing fifteen people.{{cite news |title=Sobe para 32 número de cidades em situação de emergência por causa das fortes chuvas na Bahia|url=https://g1.globo.com/ba/bahia/noticia/2021/12/13/sobe-para-32-numero-de-cidades-em-situacao-de-emergencia-por-causa-das-fortes-chuvas-na-bahia.ghtml|access-date=2021-12-13 |agency=g1

|date=2021-12-13 |language=Portuguese }}{{cite news |title=Em 24 horas número de desabrigados pela chuva aumenta quase cinco vezes em MG|url=https://g1.globo.com/mg/minas-gerais/noticia/2021/12/11/em-24-horas-numero-de-desabrigados-pela-chuva-aumenta-quase-cinco-vezes-em-mg.ghtml|access-date=12 December 2021 |website=g1|date=11 December 2021|language=pt-br}}{{cite news |title=CICLONE SE FORMA NA COSTA DO SUL DO BRASIL E PROVOCA CALAMIDADE NA BAHIA|url=https://metsul.com/ciclone-se-forma-na-costa-do-sul-do-brasil-e-provoca-calamidade-na-bahia/|access-date=12 December 2021 |agency=MetSul Meteorologia|date=10 December 2021 |language=Portuguese }}

==Subtropical Storm Yakecan==

{{Infobox hurricane small

|Basin=SATL

|Image=Yakecan 2022-05-18 1720Z.jpg

|Track=Yakecan 2022 path.png

|Formed=16 May 2022

|Dissipated=19 May 2022

|1-min winds=50

|Type=subtropical

|Pressure=990

}}

On 15 May 2022, an extratropical cyclone moved through the southern region of Brazil and stopped offshore.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE SUBTROPICAL YAKECAN - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO |access-date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/arquivos/relatorio_pos_evento_yakecan.pdf|lang=pt}} The low occluded and separated form its precursor extratropical cyclone, obtaining subtropical characteristics in the process. On the morning of 17 May, the cyclone fully transitioned into a subtropical storm, and was given the name Yakecan.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=17&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=5&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2022&field_horario_value=00HMG|date=17 May 2022|title=Cartas sinóticas 17 de maio de 2022|language=pt|access-date=27 September 2023|website=Brazilian Navy}} Taking a more northwestwardly movement, Yakecan moved away from the coastline, gradually losing its subtropical characteristics. On late 19 May, it acquired frontal characteristics and transitioned to an extratropical cyclone.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=20&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=5&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2022&field_horario_value=00HMG|date=20 May 2022|title=Cartas sinóticas 20 de maio de 2022|language=pt|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220523190537/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=20&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=5&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2022&field_horario_value=00HMG|access-date=23 May 2022|archive-date=23 May 2022|website=Brazilian Navy|url-status=live}}

During its trajectory, the storm caused snow in the Gaúcha and Catarinense Mountains, setting record lows for this time of year.{{cite web | url=https://metsul.com/umidade-do-ciclone-yakecan-e-ar-frio-trazem-neve-e-chuva-congelada/ | title=Umidade do ciclone Yakecan e ar frio trazem neve e chuva congelada | date=17 May 2022 }} Two people died in Uruguay and Brazil due to the passage of the cyclone.{{cite web | url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/ambiente/noticia/2022/05/no-uruguai-yakecan-provoca-transtornos-e-causa-pelo-menos-uma-morte-cl3al945h003i019in0iqc5as.html | title=No Uruguai, Yakecan provoca transtornos e causa pelo menos uma morte | date=17 May 2022 }}{{cite web | url=https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2022/05/17/bombeiros-buscam-homem-que-desapareceu-apos-barco-afundar-em-porto-alegre.ghtml | title=Corpo é encontrado no Guaíba após barco afundar durante passagem de tempestade Yakecan no RS; suspeita é que seja de pescador desaparecido | date=17 May 2022 }} Yakecan is the last name from the regular naming list, which has been in use since 2011.

==Tropical Storm Akará==

{{Infobox hurricane small

|Basin=SATL

|Image=Akará 2024-02-18 0000Z.jpg

|Track=Akará 2024 path.png

|Formed=16 February 2024

|Dissipated=22 February 2024

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=994

}}

In February 2024, a low-pressure area began developing along a stalled cold front. Moisture from the tropics began feeding into the circulation of the developing disturbance, helping it to intensify.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-27 |title=Rare Tropical Storm Akará Forms off Brazilian Coast |url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/rare-tropical-storm-akara-forms-brazilian-coast |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service |language=en}} On 16 February 2024, the Brazilian Navy designated the system, which at the time was east southeast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as a subtropical depression.{{cite web | url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-warnings_and_forecasts/warnings | archive-url=https://archive.today/20240216024426/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-warnings_and_forecasts/warnings | url-status=dead | archive-date=2024-02-16 | title= Hidrografia da Marinha - Special Warning| date=16 February 2024 }} Two days later, the system transitioned into a tropical cyclone.[https://archive.today/20240218180755/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-warnings_and_forecasts/warnings Marinha - Special Warning (Feb. 18, 2024)] In the early hours of 19 February, the system intensified into a tropical storm, receiving the name Akará from the Brazilian Navy.{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Carta Sinótica 19 fevereiro de 2024 - 0000H|url=https://archive.today/jqAdg/449bf2e383c8ec965fadb2f02172496d2926c138.png |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240219035539/https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/dados-do-smm-cartas-sinoticas/cartas-sinoticas?field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bday%5D=19&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bmonth%5D=2&field_data_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Byear%5D=2024&field_horario_value=00HMG |archive-date=2024-02-19 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Brazilian Navy |lang=pt}} However, two days later, the system lost its tropical characteristics and weakened into a subtropical depression.{{cite web|publisher=Brazilian Navy |title=TEMPESTADE TROPICAL AKARÁ - RELATÓRIO PÓS-EVENTO|access-date=15 December 2024|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/u1894/relatorio_pos_evento_akara.pdf|lang=pt}} The next day, the system lost its subtropical characteristics, thus the Brazilian Navy ceased all bulletins.

The precursor extratropical cyclone to Akará brought heavy rainfall to South America.{{Cite web |last=Wulfeck |first=Andrew |date=2024-02-17 |title=Tropical cyclone forms in Atlantic but not where you'd think |url=https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/tracking-subtropical-storm-south-atlantic-2024 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=FOX Weather |language=en-US}} Nova Iguaçu was affected with intense rainfall and winds.{{Cite news |last=Newton |first=Lou |date=2024-02-22 |title=Watch: Baby rescued from car moments before being washed away in Brazilian storm |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/02/22/baby-rescued-car-tropical-storm-akara-flooding-brazil/ |access-date=2024-02-22 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} Akará was the first named tropical storm to develop in the basin since Iba in 2019.

==Subtropical Storm Biguá==

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=SAtl

|Image=Biguá 2024-12-15 0000Z.jpg

|Track=Biguá 2024 path.png

|Formed=14 December 2024

|Dissipated=16 December 2024

|1-min winds=50

|Pressure=998

|Type=subtropical

}}

Early on 15 December 2024, a subtropical storm formed off the coast of the Brazil–Uruguay border, receiving the name Biguá from the Brazilian Navy.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c24121500.png|date=15 December 2024|title=Carta sinótica de 15 de dezembro de 2024 - 0000Z|language=pt|access-date=15 December 2024|website=Brazilian Navy}} As it moved southeastwards, away from the coastline, the system was downgraded to subtropical depression.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c24121612.png|date=16 December 2024|title=Carta sinótica de 16 de dezembro de 2024 - 1200Z|language=pt|access-date=17 December 2024|website=Brazilian Navy}} On early 17 December 2024, the cyclone was downgraded to a low-pressure area as it transitioned to a extratropical cyclone.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c24121700.png|date=17 December 2024|title=Carta sinótica de 17 de dezembro de 2024 - 0000Z|language=pt|access-date=17 December 2024|website=Brazilian Navy}}

The closeness to the Brazilian shore caused wind gusts over the southeastern Rio Grande do Sul, leading to power losses and structural damages on nearby cities.{{cite web|first=Lisielle |last=Zanchettin |url=https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/geral/noticia/2024/12/ciclone-bigua-provoca-transtornos-e-falta-de-luz-em-varios-pontos-do-rs-cm4q0u9ya01k5013n92almm6c.html |date=15 December 2024 |title=Ciclone Biguá provoca transtornos e falta de luz em vários pontos do RS |language=pt |access-date=15 December 2024 |website=GZH}}

Other systems

=Pre-2004=

File:SATL TD 2004-01-19 1704Z.jpg

According to a presentation at the Sixth WMO International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones (IWTC-VI), satellite imagery from January 1970 showed that a system with an eyewall had developed behind a cold front and that the system needed further analysis to determine if it was tropical or subtropical. On 27 March 1974, a weak area of low pressure that had originated over the Amazon River started to intensify further.{{cite journal|doi=10.1175/MWR3330.1|journal=Monthly Weather Review|publisher=American Meteorological Society|pages=3048–3049|volume=134|issue=11|title=Analysis of Hurricane Catarina (2004)|author4=Eyad, Atallah|author1=McTaggart-Cowan, Ron|bibcode=2006MWRv..134.3029M|author2=Bosart, Lance|author3=Davis, Christopher|year=2006|author5=Gyakum, John|author6=Emaunel, Kerry|doi-access=free}} Over the next 48 hours the system quickly developed further and was classified as subtropical, as it developed a banding structure and deep convection near its warm core. On 29 March, a north-westerly flow encroached on the systems environment, which caused the system to rapidly move towards 40S and the cold waters that were present to the south of 40°S.

In March 1994, a system that was thought to be weaker than Catarina was spawned but was located over cool and open waters.{{cite web|author=Henson, Bob|publisher=University Corporation for Atmospheric Research|title=What was Catarina?|year=2005|access-date=8 February 2015|url=http://www.ucar.edu/communications/quarterly/summer05/catarina.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603153603/http://www.ucar.edu/communications/quarterly/summer05/catarina.html|archive-date=3 June 2016}} According to the Zambia Meteorological Department, Cyclone Bonita moved off the coast of Angola and entered the South Atlantic Ocean on 19 January 1996. By the next day, the system had succumbed to cold waters and days of land interaction, dissipating completely. It was the first tropical cyclone known to have traversed southern Africa from the South-West Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic.{{cite CiteSeerX |author1=Mudenda, O. S. |author2=Mumba, Z. L. S.|title=The Unusual Tropical Storm of January 1996 |citeseerx=10.1.1.601.2986}}

=2004–2009=

During 2004, the large-scale conditions over the South Atlantic were more conducive than usual for subtropical or tropical systems, with 4 systems noted. The first possible tropical cyclone developed within a trough of low pressure, to the southeast of Salvador, Brazil on 18 January. The system subsequently displayed a small central dense overcast (CDO) and was suspected to be at the peak of its development as either a tropical depression or a tropical storm during the next day. The system was subsequently affected by some strong shear, before it moved inland and weakened along the coast of Brazil before it was last noted during 21 January. Within Brazil the system caused heavy rain and flooding with a state of emergency declared in Aracaju, after the river overflowed and burst its banks which flooded homes, destroyed crops and caused parts of the highway to collapse. However, it was noted that not all of the heavy rain and impacts were attributable to the system, as a large monsoon low covered much of Brazil at the time. The second system was a possible hybrid cyclone that developed near south-eastern Brazil between 15 and 16 March. Hurricane Catarina was the third system, while the fourth system formed off the coast of Brazil on 15 May 2004.

File:SATL TC Feb 23 2006 1705Z.jpg

On 22 February 2006, a baroclinic cyclone intensified quickly and was estimated to have peaked with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of {{cvt|65|mph|km/h|order=flip}}, after radar data showed that the system had developed an eye and banding. However, there were questions about how tropical the system was, as it did not separate from the westerlies or the baroclinic zone it was in.{{cite web|title=Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary February 2006|access-date=7 February 2015|author=Padgett, Gary|url=http://australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2006/summ0602.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240531214349/https://www.webcitation.org/6W9TGRpqN?url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2004/summ0403.htm|archive-date=31 May 2024|url-status=live }} Between 11 and 17 March 2006, another system with a warm core developed and moved southward along the South Atlantic Zone, before dissipating.

Two subtropical cyclones affected both Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil between 2009 and 2010. On 28 January 2009, a cold-core mid to upper-level trough in phase with a low-level warm-core low formed a system and moved eastward into the South Atlantic.{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=30 January 2009|title=Boletim Técnico – 30/01/2009|url=http://tempo1.cptec.inpe.br/boletimTecnico/faces/boletim.jsp?idBoletim=508|language=pt|access-date=8 February 2009}} The storm produced rainfall in 24 hours of {{cvt|300|mm|in}} or more in some locations of Rocha (Uruguay) and southern Rio Grande do Sul. The weather station owned by MetSul Weather Center in Morro Redondo, Southern Brazil, recorded {{cvt|278.2|mm|in}} in a 24-hour period. The storm caused fourteen deaths and the evacuation of thousands, with an emergency declared in four cities. It lasted until 1 February, when the cyclone became extratropical.{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=1 February 2009|title=Boletim Técnico – 01/02/2009|url=http://tempo1.cptec.inpe.br/boletimTecnico/faces/boletim.jsp?idBoletim=510|language=pt|access-date=8 February 2009}}

=2010–2016=

File:Subtropical Cyclone on 2010-11-17 0121Z.jpg

On 16 November 2010, a cold-core mid to upper-level trough in phase with a low-level warm-core low developed a low-pressure system over Brazil, and moved southeastward into the South Atlantic, where it slightly deepened.{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE |date=November 2010 |title=Análise Sinótica: 17/11/2010-00Z |url=http://tempo.cptec.inpe.br/bol_tecnico.shtml |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918230622/http://tempo.cptec.inpe.br/bol_tecnico.shtml |archive-date=18 September 2010 }} The system brought locally heavy rains in southern Brazil and northeast of Uruguay that exceeded 200 millimeters within a few hours, in some locations of Southern Rio Grande do Sul, northwest of Pelotas.{{cite web|publisher=METSUL |date=November 2010 |title=Baixas começam a semana "em alta" |url=http://www.metsul.com/blog/ |language=pt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918230622/http://tempo.cptec.inpe.br/bol_tecnico.shtml |archive-date=18 September 2010 }} Damages and flooding were observed in Cerrito, São Lourenço do Sul and Pedro Osório. Bañado de Pajas, department of Cerro Largo in Uruguay, recorded {{cvt|240|mm|in}} of rain. The subtropical cyclone then became a weak trough on 19 November, according to the CPTEC.{{cite web|title=Boletim Technico 19/11/10 – 00z |url=http://tempo.cptec.inpe.br/bol_tecnico.shtml |publisher=CPTEC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918230622/http://tempo.cptec.inpe.br/bol_tecnico.shtml |archive-date=18 September 2010 }}

Between 23 December 2013 and 24 January 2015, the CPTEC and Navy Hydrography Center monitored four subtropical depressions to the south of Rio de Janeiro. The first one lasted until Christmas Day, 2013.{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=23 December 2013|title=Análise Sinótica – 23/12/2013|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_23122013.pdf|language=pt|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228152754/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_23122013.pdf}}{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=24 December 2013|title=Análise Sinótica – 24/12/2013|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_24122013.pdf|language=pt|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228151941/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_24122013.pdf|archive-date=28 February 2014}}{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|title=SÍNTESE SINÓTICA DEZEMBRO DE 2013|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/sintese_dezembro2013.pdf|language=pt|access-date=24 February 2014|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228153134/http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/sintese_dezembro2013.pdf}}{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=25 December 2013|title=Análise Sinótica – 25/12/2013|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_25122013.pdf|language=pt|access-date=24 February 2014}} Two subtropical depressions formed in 2014: one in late-February 2014 and the other in late-March 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Navy Hydrography Center/Brazilian Navy |access-date=21 February 2014 |date=20 February 2014 |title=Weather and Sea Bulletin Referent Analysis 1200 UTC for 20 Feb 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208083833/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |archive-date=8 February 2015 }}{{cite web|publisher=CPTEC – INPE|date=28 March 2014|title=Análise Sinótica – 28/03/2014|url=http://www.cptec.inpe.br/~rupload/arquivo/analise_28032014.pdf|language=pt|access-date=7 January 2015}}{{cite web|publisher=Navy Hydrography Center|date=28 March 2014|title=Meteoromarinha referente à análise de 1200 HMG – 28/mar/2014|url=https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/iac/P14032812.iac|language=pt|access-date=7 January 2015|archive-date=11 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111000442/https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/iac/P14032812.iac}} A fourth one formed in late January 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15012312.jpg |publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre |access-date=25 January 2015 |date=23 January 2015 |title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC for 23 Jan 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123225607/https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15012312.jpg |archive-date=23 January 2015 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15012400.jpg |publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Centre |access-date=25 January 2015 |date=24 January 2015 |title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 0000 UTC for 24 Jan 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220092447/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C15012400.jpg |archive-date=20 December 2016 }}

On 5 January 2016, the Hydrographic Center of the Brazilian Navy issued warnings on a subtropical depression that formed east of Vitória, Espírito Santo.{{cite web|title=Sea Level Pressure Chart 1200 UTC – 5 Jan 2016 |url=https://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/meteoro/boletiming.htm |publisher=Marinha do Brasil – Navy Hydrographic Center |access-date=6 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106083055/http://www.mar.mil.br/dhn/chm/meteo/prev/cartas/C16010512.jpg |archive-date=6 January 2016 |format=JPEG }} On the next day, the system strengthened into a tropical depression, and other agencies considered the system an invest, designating it as 90Q;{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/subtropical-tropical-depression-storm-deni-south-atlantic|title=Could a Rare Tropical Storm Form in the South Atlantic Ocean?|website=weather.com|author=Jon Erdman|publisher=The Weather Company|date=6 January 2016|access-date=8 February 2021}}{{cite web |website=United States Naval Research Laboratory–Monterey |title=Invest-90Q Location File |url=http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/archdat/test/kml/TC/2016/ATL/90Q/locationfile.txt}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} however, on 7 January, the tropical depression dissipated.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/rare-january-depression-in-central-pacific-atlantic-subtropical-storm|title=Rare January Depression in Central Pacific; Atlantic Subtropical Storm Next Week?}}

=2021–present=

On 3 January 2021, according to the Météo-France, the remnants of Tropical Storm Chalane from the South-West Indian Ocean crossed southern Africa and briefly emerged into the eastern South Atlantic before dissipating.{{Cite web|url=http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/data/20202021/2020RE04.html|title=01-20072008 Du 12/10/2007 Au 13/10/2007|website=www.meteo.fr}}

On 7 January 2023, a subtropical depression formed about {{convert|500|km|abbr=on}} southeast of Rio de Janeiro.{{cite web |title=FQST02 SBBR 070000 |url=https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230107052343/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/fq/fqst02.sbbr..txt |archive-date=7 January 2023 |date=7 January 2023}} Without affecting any area and moving away from the Brazilian coast, it lost its subtropical characteristics in the afternoon of 10 January, according to the Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center.{{cite web|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/cartas-sinoticas/c23011012.png|title=Cartas Sinóticas|author=|publisher=Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center|date=10 January 2023|access-date=11 January 2023}}

Storm names

The following names are published by the Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center's Marine Meteorological Service and used for tropical and subtropical storms that form in the area west of 20ºW and south of equator in the South Atlantic Ocean. Originally announced in 2011, the list was extended from 10 to 15 names in 2018.{{cite web |title=NORMAS DA AUTORIDADE MARÍTIMA PARA AS ATIVIDADES DE METEOROLOGIA MARÍTIMA NORMAM-19 1a REVISÃO |url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/dhn/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.dhn/files/normam/NORMAN-19-REV-1--Ed2018-CHM.pdf |publisher=Brazilian Navy |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106155111/https://www.marinha.mil.br/dhn/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.dhn/files/normam/NORMAN-19-REV-1--Ed2018-CHM.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2018 |page=C-1-1 |language=pt |date=2018}} In 2022, 32 new names were added after the previous ones were exhausted.{{cite web|title=NORMAS DA AUTORIDADE MARÍTIMA PARA AS ATIVIDADES DE METEOROLOGIA MARÍTIMA NORMAM-19 2ª REVISÃO 2022|url=https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.chm/files/normam-19-dhn-2a-rev-2022.pdf|publisher=Brazilian Navy|access-date=15 December 2024|page=D-5|language=pt|date=2022|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331140443/http://www.marinha.mil.br/dhn/sites/www.marinha.mil.br.dhn/files/normam/NORMAM-19-DHN-2a-Rev-2022.pdf}} The names are assigned in alphabetical order and used sequentially without regard to year.

style="width:90%;"

Arani
Bapo
Cari
Deni
Eçaí
Guará
Iba
Jaguar
Kurumí
Mani
Oquira
Potira
Raoni
Ubá
Yakecan

Akará
Biguá
{{Tcname unused|Caiobá}}
{{Tcname unused|Endy}}
{{Tcname unused|Guarani}}
{{Tcname unused|Iguaçú}}
{{Tcname unused|Jaci}}
{{Tcname unused|Kaeté}}
{{Tcname unused|Maracá}}
{{Tcname unused|Okanga}}
{{Tcname unused|Poti}}
{{Tcname unused|Reri}}
{{Tcname unused|Sumé}}
{{Tcname unused|Tupã}}
{{Tcname unused|Upaba}}
{{Tcname unused|Ybatinga}}

{{Tcname unused|Aratu}}
{{Tcname unused|Buri}}
{{Tcname unused|Caiçara}}
{{Tcname unused|Esapé}}
{{Tcname unused|Guaí}}
{{Tcname unused|Itã}}
{{Tcname unused|Juru}}
{{Tcname unused|Katu}}
{{Tcname unused|Murici}}
{{Tcname unused|Oryba}}
{{Tcname unused|Peri}}
{{Tcname unused|Reia}}
{{Tcname unused|Samburá}}
{{Tcname unused|Taubaté}}
{{Tcname unused|Uruana}}
{{Tcname unused|Ytu}}

= Retirements =

Kamby was replaced by Kurumí in 2018 without being used.

Climatological statistics

There have been 88 recorded tropical and subtropical cyclones in the South Atlantic Ocean since 1957. Like most southern hemisphere cyclone seasons, most of the storms have formed between November and May.

class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin:auto;"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Month ! Number of recorded storms in the South Atlantic Ocean
January	11
February	9
March	11
April	7
May	11
June	7
July	5
August	5
September	5
October	2
November	9
December	8

DateFormat=yyyy

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bar:Jan from:0 till:11 color:cat5red text:"January"

bar:Feb from:0 till:9 color:cat5red text:"February"

bar:Mar from:0 till:11 color:cat5red text:"March"

bar:Apr from:0 till:7 color:cat5red text:"April"

bar:May from:0 till:11 color:cat5red text:"May"

bar:Jun from:0 till:7 color:cat5red text:"June"

bar:Jul from:0 till:5 color:cat5red text:"July"

bar:Aug from:0 till:5 color:cat5red text:"August"

bar:Sep from:0 till:5 color:cat5red text:"September"

bar:Oct from:0 till:2 color:cat5red text:"October"

bar:Nov from:0 till:9 color:cat5red text:"November"

bar:Dec from:0 till:8 color:cat5red text:"December"

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textcolor:black

pos:(50,25) # tabs:(100-left)

text:"Number of storms in the South Atlantic Ocean"

class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin:auto;"
bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Decade ! Number of recorded storms in the South Atlantic Ocean
1950s	7
1960s	13
1970s	13
1980s	3
1990s	9
2000s	19
2010s	15
2020s	13

DateFormat=yyyy

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bar:1970s from:0 till:13 color:cat5red text:"1970s"

bar:1980s from:0 till:3 color:cat5red text:"1980s"

bar:1990s from:0 till:9 color:cat5red text:"1990s"

bar:2000s from:0 till:19 color:cat5red text:"2000s"

bar:2010s from:0 till:15 color:cat5red text:"2010s"

bar:2020s from:0 till:13 color:cat5red text:"2020s"

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fontsize:M

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text:"Number of storms in South Atlantic Ocean"

References

External links

[https://www.marinha.mil.br/chm/ Brazilian Navy Hydrography Center – Marine Meteorological Service] {{in lang|pt}}
[http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/G6.html NOAA info on South Atlantic Tropical Cyclones]
[http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/4659 CIMSS Satellite Blog: "Another tropical cyclone in the South Atlantic Ocean?"]
[http://www.weathercast.co.uk/weather-news/news/ch/d07e4b2bec38794c4345747482b3cfb2/article/do_hurricanes_form_in_the_south_atlantic.html Meteogroup Weathercast: Do hurricanes form in the South Atlantic?]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJNNMHoh4-U Satellite animation of the 1991 Angola tropical storm]
{{cite journal |last = Rosa |first = Marcelo Barbio |author2 = P. Satyamurty |author3 = N. J. Ferreira |author4 = L. T. Silva |title = A comparative study of intense surface cyclones off the coasts of southeastern Brazil and Mozambique |journal = Int. J. Climatol. |volume = 39 |issue = 8 |pages = 3523–3542 |date = 2019 |doi = 10.1002/joc.6036 |bibcode = 2019IJCli..39.3523R |s2cid = 134006347 }}
[https://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/DATA/2024/bulletins/satl/ NOAA bulletins for the South Atlantic]

Category:Tropical cyclone meteorology

Category:Climate of Brazil

South Atlantic tropical cyclone#Tropical Storm Akará

Theories concerning infrequency of occurrence

Notable storms and impacts

= Pre-2010s =

==1991 Angola tropical storm==

==Hurricane Catarina==

=2010s=

==Tropical Storm Anita==

==Subtropical Storm Arani==

==Subtropical Storm Bapo==

==Subtropical Storm Cari==

==Subtropical Storm Deni==

==Subtropical Storm Eçaí==

==Subtropical Storm Guará==

==Tropical Storm Iba==

==Subtropical Storm Jaguar==

=2020s=

== Subtropical Storm Kurumí ==

==Subtropical Storm Mani==

==Subtropical Storm Oquira==

==Tropical Storm 01Q==

== Subtropical Depression #01-2021==

== Subtropical Storm Potira==

== Subtropical Storm Raoni ==

==Subtropical Storm Ubá==

==Subtropical Storm Yakecan==

==Tropical Storm Akará==

==Subtropical Storm Biguá==

Other systems

=Pre-2004=

=2004–2009=

=2010–2016=

=2021–present=

Storm names

= Retirements =

Climatological statistics

See also

References

External links