State-recognized tribes in the United States#Georgia

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{{legend|#ffed6f|Federally recognized tribes}}

{{legend|#fdb462|State recognized tribes}}

{{legend|#fb8072|Both state and federally recognized tribes}}]]

Most state-recognized tribes are located in the Eastern United States, including the three largest state-recognized tribes in the US, the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, and the United Houma Nation of Louisiana, each of which has more than ten thousand members.{{cite web |last1=Greer |first1=Caroline |title=Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama |url=https://encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/echota-cherokee-tribe-of-alabama/ |website=Encyclopedia of Alabama |access-date=10 January 2025 |date=October 26, 2020 |quote="There are more than 32,000 members across the state ..."}}{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=Jade |last2=Wetzel |first2=Addie |title=The Lost Bayou: The United Houma Nation |url=https://gardevoirci.nicholls.edu/2021/the-united-houma-nation/ |website=GradeVoirCi |access-date=10 January 2025 |quote="The six parishes where most of the 19,000-member tribe now lives line the Gulf of Mexico..."}}{{cite news |last1=Cassie |first1=Ron |title=Thousands of Lumbee Indians migrated to Upper Fells Point after World War II. Decades later, members of the tribe are claiming their history. |url=https://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/historypolitics/baltimore-lumbee-indians-upper-fells-point-claim-their-history/ |access-date=10 January 2025 |work=Baltimore Magazine |date=October 2022 |quote="The Lumbees are the largest tribe east of the Mississippi and the ninth largest in the country, with 55,000 members."}}

Sources disagree on how many states have state-recognized tribes. In late 2007 about 16 states had recognized 62 tribes.Alexa Koenig and Jonathan Stein, [https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/lawreview/vol48/iss1/2/ "Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A Survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes across the United States"], Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 48, November 2007 According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, only 13 states recognize tribes at the state level by 2022.{{cite web |title=State Recognized Tribes |url=http://www.ncsl.org/research/state-tribal-institute/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=6 April 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901061023/https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx |archive-date=1 September 2022 }} The Native Nations Institute of the University of Arizona lists 15 states as having state-recognized tribes in 2024.{{cite web |title=Governance Under State Recognition |url=https://nni.arizona.edu/our-work/research-policy-analysis/governance-under-state-recognition |website=Native Nations Institute |publisher=University of Arizona |access-date=17 July 2024}}

The United States Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, gives ultimate authority with regard to matters affecting the American Indian tribes to the United States federal government. Under US federal law and regulations, an American Indian tribe is a group of Native Americans with self-government authority.25 CFR 290.2, "Definitions" This defines those tribes recognized by the federal government. By 2021, 574 tribes had been recognized by the federal government, often as a result of the process of treaties setting up reservations in the 19th century.

Four federal agencies have the authority to confer benefits to state-recognized tribes: the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Labor, the Department of Education, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development.{{cite web|url=https://nnigovernance.arizona.edu/state-recognition-american-indian-tribes |title=State Recognition of American Indian Tribes |publisher=University of Arizona |accessdate=2024-08-12}} State-recognized tribes also participate in the programs of the Small Business Administration (SBA), an independent agency of the US federal government,{{cite web|url=https://nativelawgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SBA-Tribal-Consultation-Policy-2022.pdf |title=U.S. Small Business Administration Tribal Consultation Policy 2022 |publisher=Native Law Group |accessdate=2025-06-07}} and there is a rebuttable presumption that members of state-recognized tribes are "socially disadvantaged" for the purposes of the SBA's 8(a) Business Development program.{{cite web|url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-13/chapter-I/part-124/subpart-A/subject-group-ECFR4ef1291a4a984ab/section-124.103 |title=Code of Federal Regulations |publisher=National Archives |accessdate=2025-06-07}}

Under the United States Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 (IACA),{{cite web |title=The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 |url=https://www.doi.gov/iacb/act |website=Indian Arts and Crafts Board |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=4 May 2024}} members of certain state-recognized tribes may exhibit as identified "Native American" or "American Indian" artists. In addition to citizens of federally recognized tribes and tribally designated artisans, IACA says that members of "any Indian group that has been formally recognized as an Indian tribe by a State legislature or by a State commission or similar organization legislatively vested with State tribal recognition authority" can exhibit or sell art as a "Native American" or "American Indian" artist.{{cite web |title=Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 |url=https://www.doi.gov/iacb/indian-arts-and-crafts-act-1990 |website=Indian Arts and Crafts Board |access-date=4 May 2024}}

The Administration for Native Americans, a program office within the Department of Health and Human Services, may confer benefits to state-recognized tribes under the Native American Programs Act (NAPA).{{cite web|url=https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ana/fact-sheet/american-indians-and-alaska-natives-what-are-state-recognized-tribes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209185230/https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ana/fact-sheet/american-indians-and-alaska-natives-what-are-state-recognized-tribes |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 9, 2021 |title=American Indians and Alaska Natives - What are State Recognized Tribes? |publisher=Administration for Native Americans |accessdate=2024-08-12}}

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) does not require the federal government or museums to consult with state-recognized tribes. State-recognized tribes may request the repatriation of cultural items or human remains only in cooperation with federally recognized tribes.{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nagpra/frequently-asked-questions.htm |title=Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=2024-08-11}}

Other federal Indian legislation does not apply to state-recognized tribes. For example, Indian Preference in hiring{{cite web|url=https://www.bia.gov/jobs/Indian_Preference |title=Indian Preference |publisher=Bureau of Indian Affairs |accessdate=2024-11-12}} and the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 do not apply to these organizations.{{cite web |title=ICWA Doesn't Apply to My Child Welfare Case. What Other Help Can I Get? |url=https://www.nicwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2021-When-ICWA-Doesnt-Apply-Updated.pdf |website=National Indian Child Welfare Association |access-date=June 16, 2023}}

Typically, the state legislature or state agencies involved in cultural or Native American affairs make the formal recognition by criteria they establish, often with Native American representatives, and sometimes based on federal criteria.Sheffield (1998), p. 63 Statutes that clearly identify criteria for recognition or that explicitly recognize certain tribes remove ambiguity from their status.

Many organizations try to assert that various congratulatory resolutions constitute recognition as a Native American tribe by a state; however, "Resolutions are statements of opinions and, unlike bills, do not have the force of law."{{cite web |title=Bills and Resolutions |url=https://uhsystem.edu/governmental-relations/tx-legislature/tx-budget-legislative-process/reading-bill/bills-resolutions/index.php |website=Governmental Relations |publisher=University of Houston System |access-date=8 December 2022}}

The following is a list of tribes recognized by various states but not by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Tribes originally recognized by states that have since gained federal recognition have been deleted from the list below. The list includes state-recognized tribes that have petitioned for federal recognition.

By the Davis-Strong Act of 1984, the state established the Alabama Indian Affairs Commission to acknowledge and represent Native American citizens in the state. At that time, it recognized seven tribes that did not have federal recognition. The commission members, representatives of the tribes, have created rules for tribal recognition, which were last updated in 2003, under which three more tribes have been recognized.{{cite web|url=http://aiac.state.al.us/tribes.aspx|title=Tribes Recognized by the State of Alabama|author=Alabama Indian Affairs Commission|access-date=2015-03-28|archive-date=2014-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229174759/http://www.aiac.state.al.us/tribes.aspx|url-status=dead}}

• Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians.{{cite web|title=Tribal Directory: Southeast|url=http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory|website=National Congress of American Indians|access-date=6 April 2016}}
• Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama (formerly Cherokees of Jackson County, Alabama). Letter of Intent to Petition 09/23/1981; certified letter returned "not known" 11/19/1997.
• Cherokees of Southeast Alabama. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/27/1988; certified letter returned marked "deceased" 11/5/1997.
• Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama.
• Ma-Chis Lower Creek Indian Tribe of Alabama. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/27/1983. Declined to Acknowledge 08/18/1988 52 FR 34319, Denied federal recognition.Sheffield (1998) p64
• MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/27/1983. Final Determination to Decline to Acknowledge published 12/24/1997 62FR247:67398-67400; petitioner requested reconsideration from BIA 3/23/1998, denied federal recognition; decision effective 11/26/1999.LIST OF PETITIONERS BY STATE (as of July 31, 2012) (Accessible as of January 15, 2013 [http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-020619.pdf here])
• Piqua Shawnee Tribe.
• Star Clan of Muscogee Creeks (formerly Lower Creek Muscogee Tribe East, Star Clan, Southeastern Mvskoke Nation, and Yufala Star Clan of Lower Muscogee Creeks).
• United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation (formerly United Cherokee Intertribal). Letter of Intent to Petition 11/08/2001.

Alaska has no state-recognized tribes.

Arkansas has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Arizona has no state-recognized tribes.

California has no state-recognized tribes.{{Cite web |date=October 15, 2020 |title=Tribal Appendix to the Technical Assistance Guidelines for State Agencies: Deliberative Draft |url=https://sgc.ca.gov/technical-assistance/cace/docs/20201015-TA_Guidelines-Apdx_A.pdf |website=California Strategic Growth Council |page=3 |format=PDF |quote=The State of California does not have a recognition authority or process for Tribes, therefore, there are no State-recognized Tribes.}}

Colorado has no state-recognized tribes.

• Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation.Connecticut Law on Indian Tribes (2007-R-0475). Christopher Reinhart, Senior Attorney, on behalf of State of Connecticut General Assembly (Accessible as of July 15, 2014 [https://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/rpt/2007-R-0475.htm here]).
• Eastern Pequot Indians of Connecticut. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/28/1978; Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 10/14/2005 70 FR 60099.
• Paucatuck Eastern Pequot Indians of Connecticut. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/20/1989. Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 10/14/2005 70 FR 60099.
• Golden Hill Paugussett.{{cite web |url=https://www.cga.ct.gov/2002/olrdata/jud/rpt/2002-R-0118.htm |title=Effect of State Recognition of an Indian Tribe |author=Christopher Reinhart |date=2002-02-07 |access-date=2010-08-06 |quote=Connecticut statutes recognize five tribes: (1) Golden Hill Paugussett, (2) Mashantucket Pequot, (3) Mohegan, (4) Eastern Pequot, and (5) Schaghticoke tribe. |publisher=State of Connecticut }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_824.htm#sec_47-59a |title=CGS § 47-59a Connecticut Indians; citizenship, civil rights, land rights. |access-date=2015-07-02 |publisher=State of Connecticut}} Final Determination Against Federal Acknowledgement of the Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe (2004){{cite web |url=http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2004/04-13871.htm |title=Final Determination Against Federal Acknowledgement of the Golden Hill Paugussett Tribe |author=Bureau of Indian Affairs |pages=34388–34393 |date=2004-06-21 |access-date=2010-08-06 |publisher=United States |work=Federal Register }}
• Schaghticoke Tribal Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 9/27/2001. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/1981; Declined to acknowledge in 2002; Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 10/14/2005 70 FR 60101. Also known as the Schaghticoke Indian Tribe.

• Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware.{{cite web|title=Tribal Directory|url=http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory|website=National Congress of American Indians|access-date=6 April 2016}}
• Nanticoke Indian Association, Inc. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/08/1978; requested petition be placed on hold 3/25/1989 of limited applicability.Sheffield (1998): 66

Florida has an office to manage Indian affairs: Florida Governor's Council on Indian Affairs, Inc. Florida has no state-recognized tribes.

Georgia established a liaison, the Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns, in 2001, under the Georgia Department of Natural Resources, State Parks and Historic Sites Division.{{Cite web |title=Georgia Council on American Indian Concerns |url=https://georgia.gov/organization/georgia-council-american-indian-concerns |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=Georgia.gov |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Georgia Indian Council {{!}} Georgia Indian Council |url=https://georgiaindiancouncil.com/ |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=georgiaindiancouncil.com}} In 2007, the state legislature formally recognized the following as American Indian tribes of Georgia:[http://www.legis.state.ga.us/cgi-bin/gl_codes_detail.pl?code=44-12-300 O.C.G.A. § 44-12-300 (2007) Title 44, Chapter 12, Article 7, Part 3 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040919164025/http://www.legis.state.ga.us/cgi-bin/gl_codes_detail.pl?code=44-12-300 |date=2004-09-19 }}, Georgia Legislature. Quote: The State of Georgia "officially recognizes as legitimate American Indian tribes of Georgia the following tribes, bands, groups, or communities" for state purposes

• Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council.
• Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees. (I). Letter of Intent to Petition 01/09/1979; last submission February 2002; ready for Acknowledge review. Unrecognized organizations with the same name as Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc. (II) and (III) exist.
• Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 02/02/1972; Declined to Acknowledge 12/21/1981 (46 FR 51652). Denied federal recognition.Sheffield (1998) p67 Also known as Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe East of the Mississippi, Inc.

Hawaii has no state-recognized tribes.

Idaho has no state-recognized tribes.

Illinois has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Indiana has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Iowa has no state-recognized tribes.

Kansas has an office to manage Indian affairs: the Joint Committee on State-Tribal Relations. Kansas has no state-recognized tribes.

Kentucky has no state-recognized tribes.

The Louisiana Office of Indian Affairs oversees state–tribal relations.{{cite web |title=Indian Affairs |url=https://gov.louisiana.gov/page/indian-affairs |website=Louisiana Office of the Governor |access-date=27 May 2022}} They maintain a list of federally and state-recognized tribes headquartered in Louisiana.{{cite web |title=Federal and State-Tribal Contact Information |url=https://gov.louisiana.gov/assets/docs/Indian-Affairs/LouisianaTribalList.pdf |website=Louisiana Governor's Office of Indian Affairs |access-date=27 May 2022}}

1. Addai Caddo Tribe, also Adai Caddo Indians of Louisiana, Robeline, LA. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1993.[http://www.indianaffairs.com/tribes.htm "Louisiana Governor's Office of Indian Affairs" Retrieved on 4/8/2008] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013155515/http://www.indianaffairs.com/tribes.htm |date=2008-10-13 }}. Letter of Intent to Petition 09/13/1993. Also Adais Caddo Indians, Inc.
2. Bayou Lafourche Band of Biloxi-Chitimache Confederation of Muskogees, also Biloxi-Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogee, Denham Springs, LA. Separated from United Houma Nation, Inc. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/24/1995. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 2005.
3. Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb, also the Choctaw-Apache Tribe of Ebarb, Zwolle, LA. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1978. Letter of Intent to Petition 07/02/1978.
4. Clifton-Choctaw, also the Clifton Choctaw Tribe of Louisiana, Clinton, LA. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1978. Letter of Intent to Petition 03/22/1978. Also known as Clifton Choctaw Reservation Inc.
5. Four Winds Tribe, Louisiana Cherokee Confederacy, also the Four Winds Cherokees, Oakdale, LA. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1997.
6. Grand Caillou/Dulac Band, also the Grand Caillou/Dulac Band of Biloxi Chitimacha Choctaw, Chauvin, LA.
7. Isle de Jean Charles Band, also the Jean Charles Choctaw Nation, Montegut, LA
8. Louisiana Choctaw Tribe, as the Louisiana Band of Choctaw, Ferriday, LA
9. Natchitoches Tribe of Louisiana, Campti, LA Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 2017 Regular Session, HR227.
10. Pointe-au-Chien Tribe, also Pointe-au-Chien Indian Tribe, Montegut, LA. Separated from United Houma Nation, Inc. Letter of Intent to Petition 7/22/1996. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 2004.
11. United Houma Nation. Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1972. Letter of Intent to Petition 07/10/1979; Proposed Finding 12/22/1994, 59 FR 6618. Denied federal recognition.Sheffield (1998): 67

Maine has no state-recognized tribes.

On January 9, 2012, for the first time the state-recognized two American Indian tribes under a process developed by the General Assembly; these were both Piscataway groups, historically part of the large Algonquian languages family along the Atlantic Coast. The Governor announced it to the Assembly by executive order.Executive Orders 01.01.2012.01 and 01.01.2012.02 "Recognition of tribes in the state", Governor's Office

1. Accohannock Indian Tribe. Governor Larry Hogan formally recognized this group on December 19, 2017,{{cite web |title=Accohannock Indian Tribe v. Tyler |url=https://casetext.com/case/accohannock-indian-tribe-v-tyler |website=CaseText |date=14 December 2021}} through Executive Order 01.01.2017.31.{{cite web |title=Native Americans |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/01glance/native/html/01native.html |website=Maryland Manual On-Line |access-date=8 May 2022}}
2. Piscataway-Conoy Tribe. It includes the following two sub-groups:
3. Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Sub-TribesWitte, Brian. [http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/politics/Md-Formally-Recognizes-2-American-Indian-Groups-136986363.html "Md. Formally Recognizes 2 American Indian Groups."], NBC Washington, 9 Jan 2011, Retrieved 10 Jan 2011
4. Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians

:3. Piscataway Indian Nation and Tayac Territory.

The Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs was created by a legislative act of the General Court of Massachusetts in 1974, to advise the Commonwealth on how best to establish positive relationships with its Indigenous Tribes. name=section8A>{{cite web |title=Section 8A: Commission on Indian affairs; membership; functions |url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleII/Chapter6A/Section8A |website=Administration of the Government |publisher=The 193rd General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts |access-date=4 May 2024}}Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 6A, § 8A.

In 1976, Governor Michael Dukakis issued Executive Order 126, which clarified the responsibilities of the Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs and identified three historic and continuous tribes in the Commonwealth: the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head, the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe and the Hassanamisco Nipmuc.{{Cite web |title=No. 126: Massachusetts Native Americans {{!}} Mass.gov |url=https://www.mass.gov/executive-orders/no-126-massachusetts-native-americans |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=www.mass.gov |language=en}} The Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head and the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe{{cite web |title=Northeast |url=http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory?utf8=%E2%9C%93&area=11&submit=Search |access-date=6 June 2018 |website=Tribal Directory |publisher=National Congress of American Indians}} have federal recognition as of 1987 and 2007, respectively.Swimmer, R. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OfhtAAAAMAAJ Final determination for federal acknowledgment of the Wampanoag Tribal Council of Gay Head, Inc]., FR Doc. 87-2877. US Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.Carson, J., U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. (2004). [http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001338.pdf Summary under the criteria of evidence for final determination of federal recognition of the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council, Inc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921194905/http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/xofa/documents/text/idc-001338.pdf|date=2012-09-21}}. (71 FR 17488). U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.

On November 19, 2024, Governor Maura Healey issued Executive Order No. 637, which recognized the Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe alongside the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head, and the Hassanamisco Nipmuc Tribe. The order also recognized Tribal Council of the Herring Pond as its governing body, all in accordance with Dukakis' Executive Order No. 126, for all relevant purposes.{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2024 |title=Governor Healey Signs Executive Order Granting State Recognition to Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe |url=https://www.mass.gov/news/governor-healey-signs-executive-order-granting-state-recognition-to-herring-pond-wampanoag-tribe |access-date=November 20, 2024 |website=Commonwealth of Massachusetts}}{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Katie |date=2024-11-20 |title=Healey grants Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe state recognition |url=https://www.wbur.org/news/2024/11/20/herring-pond-wampanoag-recognition-executive-order |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.wbur.org |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=November 19, 2024 |title=By Her Excellency Maura T. Healey Governor Executive Order No. 637 |url=https://www.mass.gov/doc/executive-order-herring-pond-wampanoag-tribe/download |access-date=November 20, 2024 |website=Commonwealth of Massachusetts}}

The Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs lacks the authority to recognize any group, as recognition is beyond the scope of the duties of the commission outlined in Executive Order 126 and in the administration of the Massachusetts government.{{cite web |title=Section 8A: Commission on Indian affairs; membership; functions |url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleII/Chapter6A/Section8A |website=Administration of the Government |publisher=The 193rd General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts |access-date=4 May 2024}} The Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs announced in August 2023 that it would be establishing a process for state recognition to ensure protections for Native artisans under the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990.{{Cite web |title=Minutes of the Virtual Meeting of the Massachusetts Commission on Indian Affairs, August 9, 2023 |url=https://www.mass.gov/doc/minutes-of-meeting-august-9-2023/download |website=mass.gov}}

• Hassanamisco Nipmuc. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/22/1980; Declined to acknowledge on 6/25/2004, 69 FR 35667.{{cite web |title=Final Determination Against Federal Acknowledgment of the Nipmuc Nation |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2004/06/25/04-14394/final-determination-against-federal-acknowledgment-of-the-nipmuc-nation |website=Federal Register |publisher=Indian Affairs Bureau |access-date=15 November 2021 |date=25 June 2004}} The Hassanamisco Nipmuc Band petitioned for federal acknowledgment in 1980. After receiving preliminary approval, they were ultimately denied due to its failure to meet criteria for federal acknowledgment. The Hassanamisco Nipmuc Band retains a government-to-government relationship with the state of Massachusetts under the leadership of their Sonskq (female leader), Cheryll Toney Holley, sub-chiefs, and the elders council. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/indian-affairs?_gl=1*12qoc2m*_ga*NjcxNzM5MDIyLjE2OTA5NTA0MzU.*_ga_MCLPEGW7WM*MTcyOTc0MDAyMi4zLjEuMTcyOTc0MDA0Mi4wLjAuMA..
• Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe

Michigan has no state-recognized tribes.{{cite web |title=Tribal Governments in Michigan |url=https://www.michigan.gov/som/government/branches-of-government/tribal-government |website=State of Michigan |access-date=6 August 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-12-348.pdf |title=Federal Funding for Non-Federally Recognized Tribes |publisher=Government Accountability Office |accessdate=6 August 2024}}

Minnesota has no state-recognized tribes.

The state of Mississippi has offered congratulatory resolutions to unrecognized organizations identifying as Native American descendants, such as the MS HR50 in which the legislators "commend and congratulate" Vancleave Live Oak Choctaw Tribe for recognition;{{cite news |title=MS HR50, 2016 |url=https://legiscan.com/MS/text/HR50/2016 |access-date=27 May 2022 |work=LegiScan |date=15 March 2016}} however, no laws outline formal state-recognition for this or any other group by the State of Mississippi.

Mississippi has no office to manage Indian affairs{{cite web |title=State Committees and Commissions on Indian Affairs |url=https://www.ncsl.org/quad-caucus/state-committees-and-commissions-on-indian-affairs |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=National Conference of State Legislatures}} and no state-recognized tribes.

Missouri has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Montana has the Montana Office of Indian Affairs but has no state-recognized tribes.

Nebraska has no state-recognized tribes.

Nevada has no state-recognized tribes.

New Hampshire has the New Hampshire State Commission on Native American Affairs but no state-recognized tribes.

• Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Tribal Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/03/1992.[https://newsmaven.io/indiancountrytoday/news/ramapough-lenape-and-powhatan-renape-nations-of-new-jersey-have-state-recognition-reaffirmed-NUHKiCDZSU6qBoZZyJp1fg/ Indian Country Today March 27, 2019]
• Ramapough Lenape Nation.
• Powhatan Renape Nation.

New Mexico has no state-recognized tribes.

• Unkechague Poosepatuck Tribe (Unkechaug Nation){{cite web|url=http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory?utf8=✓&area=11&submit=Search|title=Tribal Directory: Northeast|website=National Congress of American Indians|access-date=22 June 2015}}

1. Coharie Intra-tribal Council, Inc.{{cite web|url=http://www.doa.state.nc.us/cia/tribes.pdf|title=North Carolina American Indian Tribes and Organizations|date=February 2007|author=North Carolina Department of Administration|access-date=2005-07-28|archive-date=2007-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917055822/http://www.doa.state.nc.us/cia/tribes.pdf|url-status=dead}} Letter of Intent to Petition 3/13/1981.
2. Haliwa-Saponi Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 1/27/1979. Notified of "obvious deficiencies" in federal recognition applicationSheffield (1998) p68-70
3. Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/07/1980; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989). In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.[http://www2.timesdispatch.com/rtd/news/state_regional/state_regional_govtpolitics/article/INDI23_20091022-223007/301146/ "Virginia tribes take another step on road to federal recognition"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20091026175747/http://www2.timesdispatch.com/rtd/news/state_regional/state_regional_govtpolitics/article/INDI23_20091022-223007/301146/ |date=2009-10-26 }} in Richmond Times-Dispatch, 28 October 2009.
4. Meherrin Nation. State-recognized 1987.
5. Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/06/1995.
6. Sappony (formerly known as Indians of Person County, North Carolina).
7. Waccamaw-Siouan Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/27/1983; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989). Letter of Intent to Petition 10/16/1992; determined eligible to petition (SOL letter of 6/29/1995). Also known as Waccamaw Siouan Development Association.

North Dakota has no state-recognized tribes.

Ohio has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

In 1979 and 1980, the Ohio state legislature held hearings about state recognition of the United Remnant Band of the Shawnee Nation of Bellefontaine Ohio.{{cite news |last1=Filby |first1=Max |last2=King |first2=Danae |title=What does it mean to be a Native American tribe? In Ohio, the answer is complicated |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/politics/2023/10/09/is-ohio-home-to-any-native-american-tribes-the-answer-is-complicatedwho-gets-to-decide-whos-native-a/70765014007/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |work=The Columbus Dispatch |date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127155032/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/politics/2023/10/09/is-ohio-home-to-any-native-american-tribes-the-answer-is-complicatedwho-gets-to-decide-whos-native-a/70765014007/ |archive-date=27 November 2023 |quote=She now considers herself to be a tribal elder with the East of the River Shawnee, a non-federally recognized group that broke off from the United Remnant Band of Shawnee years ago.}} The band filed historical and genealogical documents with the state to support their claim of descent from the historical Shawnee.The Ohio General Assembly held hearings and heard testimony from numerous groups.[http://worlddmc.ohiolink.edu/OMP/Subject?subject=american&pg=3 "American Indians in Ohio"], Ohio Memory: An Online Scrapbook of Ohio History. The Ohio Historical Society, retrieved October 10, 2006{{dead link|date=November 2023}} In 1980, the 113th Ohio General Assembly passed a "Joint Resolution to recognize the Shawnee Nation United Remnant Band", as adopted by the Ohio Senate, 113th General Assembly, Regular Session, Am. Sub. H.J.R. No. 8, 1979–1980.Lazarus, David. [https://www.latimes.com/la-fi-tribe021107-column.html "Tribal question a matter of dollars"], Los Angeles Times, 2 November 2007, accessed 11 January 2014 This is a congratulatory resolution, and Ohio attorney general's office spokesperson Leo Jennings said: "The resolution has no force of law in the state Ohio.… It was basically a ceremonial resolution."

Oklahoma has no state-recognized tribes.

Oregon has no state-recognized tribes.

Pennsylvania has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Rhode Island has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

South Carolina recognizes three entities: "state-recognized tribes", "state-recognized groups", and "special interest organizations."{{cite web |title=South Carolina's Recognized Native American entities |url=https://cma.sc.gov/minority-population-initiatives/native-american-affairs/south-carolinas-recognized-native-american-indian-entities |publisher=South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs |access-date=30 October 2022}} As of 2023, South Carolina recognizes nine tribes that are not recognized by the federal government.{{Cite web|url=https://cma.sc.gov/minority-population-initiatives/native-american-affairs/south-carolinas-recognized-native-american-indian-entities|title=South Carolina's Recognized Native American Indian Entities|date=2023|publisher=South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs|access-date=10 January 2023}}

• Beaver Creek Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/26/1998. State-recognized tribe in 2006.{{cite web|url=http://www.state.sc.us/cma/pdfs/s_c_tribes_and_groups.pdf|title=SC tribes and groups|author=South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102201038/http://www.state.sc.us/cma/pdfs/s_c_tribes_and_groups.pdf|archive-date=2008-01-02}}{{cite web|url=http://southcarolinaindianaffairs.com/members.html|title=Members|author=South Carolina Indian Affairs Commission|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111134058/http://southcarolinaindianaffairs.com/members.html|archive-date=2013-01-11}}{{cite web|url=http://scindigenousgallery.com|title=Visitors Center|author=South Carolina Indigenous Gallery|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902045830/http://scindigenousgallery.com/|archive-date=2007-09-02}}
• Edisto Natchez Kusso Tribe of South Carolina. State-recognized tribe in 2010. Also known as Edisto Natchez-Kusso Indians (Four Holes Indian Organization).
• Pee Dee Indian Nation of Upper South Carolina. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/2005. State-recognized tribe in 2005.
• Pee Dee Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/30/1995.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bia.gov/sites/bia.gov/files/assets/as-ia/ofa/ofa/pdf/idc1-024418.pdf|title=List of Petitioners by State (as of 11/12/2013)}} State recognized in 2006. Formerly Pee Dee Indian Tribe of South Carolina (2005). Formerly Pee Dee Indian Association (1978).
• Piedmont American Indian Association.
• Santee Indian Organization. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/04/1979. State-recognized tribe in 2006. Formerly White Oak Indian Community.
• Sumter Tribe of Cheraw Indians.
• The Waccamaw Indian People.
• The Wassamasaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians.

The South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs' Native American Affairs Division also has recognized "state-recognized groups" and "special interest organizations" but these are not the same as the state-recognized tribes. In 2018, South Carolina Governor Henry McMaster signed legislation that stops the state from recognizing any additional Native American "groups."{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Chloe |title=South Carolina's Native American tribes aim to protect their legacy with new legislation |date=20 May 2018 |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/news/south-carolinas-native-american-tribes-aim-to-protect-their-legacy-with-new-legislation/article_9d346b44-5788-11e8-b959-13b5a6e47d5d.html |publisher=Post and Courier |access-date=10 January 2023 |language=en}} As of 2023, South Carolina recognizes four "state-recognized groups" and one "special interest organization." They are: Chaloklowa Chickasaw Indian People;{{cite news |title=S.C. recognizes Chickasaw tribe |url=https://www.goupstate.com/story/news/2005/06/11/sc-recognizes-chickasaw-tribe/29760749007/ |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=Spartanburg Herald Journal |publisher=goupstate.com |date=11 June 2005}} Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois, and United Tribes of South Carolina; Natchez Tribe of South Carolina;{{cite news |last1=Gleaton |first1=Sonja |title=The Great Spirit... NEVER FORGETS State recognizes Natchez Tribe of South Carolina, Pee Dee Indian Nation of Beaver Creek |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/346199276 |access-date=10 January 2023 |work=The Times and Democrat |issue=71 |publisher=Newspapers.com |date=7 March 2007|volume=126 }}

and the Pee Dee Indian Nation of Beaver Creek. The special interest organization is the Pine Hill Indian Community Development Initiative.{{cite web |last1=Zaleski |first1=Gene |title=Pine Hill Indian Tribe gets state sanction for community development organization |date=27 January 2020 |url=https://thetandd.com/news/local/pine-hill-indian-tribe-gets-state-sanction-for-community-development-organization/article_f53949d6-a6c8-5689-9c25-cc5517f40397.html

|publisher=The Times and Democrat |access-date=10 January 2023 |language=en}}

South Dakota has no state-recognized tribes.

Tennessee has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Texas has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.{{cite web |title=State Recognized Tribes |url=https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx#State |website=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=30 April 2022 |archive-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025051136/https://www.ncsl.org/legislators-staff/legislators/quad-caucus/list-of-federal-and-state-recognized-tribes.aspx#State |url-status=dead }} Texas had "no legal mechanism to recognize tribes."{{cite news |last1=Brewer |first1=Graham Lee |last2=Ahtone |first2=Tristan |title=In Texas, a group claiming to be Cherokee faces questions about authenticity |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mount-tabor-indian-community-texas-indigenous-rcna3746 |access-date=30 April 2022 |work=NBC News |date=27 October 2021}}

The Texas state legislature often issues congratulatory resolutions that "commend" organizations, such one honoring the Mount Tabor Indian Community in 2017, "for its contributions to [the] state"{{cite web |title=Texas Senate Concurrent Resolution 25 |url=https://legiscan.com/TX/text/SCR25/2017 |website=LegiScan |access-date=30 April 2022}} and the Lipan Apache in 2019;{{cite web |title=House Concurrent Resolution No. 171 |url=https://webservices.sos.state.tx.us/legbills/files/RS86/HCR171.pdf |website=State of Texas Secretary of State |access-date=8 May 2022 |date=25 May 2019}} however, this is not the same as formal recognition of a tribe by a state.

Texas Senate Bill 231 to formally state-recognize the Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas, introduced in November 2022, died in committee.{{cite web |title=Texas Senate Bill 231|url=https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/SB231/2023 |publisher=LegiScan |access-date=26 February 2024}} Texas Senate Bill 1479, introduced in March 2023, and Texas House Bill 2005, introduced in February 2023, both to state-recognize the Tap Pilam Coahuiltecan Nation also died in committee.{{cite web |title=Texas Senate Bill 1479 |url=https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/SB1479/2023 |website=LegiScan |access-date=26 February 2024}}{{cite web |title=Texas House Bill 2005 |url=https://legiscan.com/TX/bill/HB2005/2023 |website=LegiScan |access-date=26 February 2024}}

Utah has no state-recognized tribes.

As of May 3, 2006, Vermont law [http://www.leg.state.vt.us/statutes/fullchapter.cfm?Title=01&Chapter=023 1 V.S.A §§ 851–853] recognizes Abenakis as Native American Indians, not the tribes or bands. However, on April 22, 2011, Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin signed legislative bills officially recognizing two Abenaki Bands. The four Abenaki state-recognized tribes are also known as the "Abenaki Alliance".

• Elnu Abenaki Tribe.{{Cite web|url = http://vcnaa.com/native/content/view/510/57/ |title= Tribal Sites VT |access-date = 2011-12-28 |author= Vermonters Concerned on Native American Affairs}} Recognition signed into statute April 22, 2011.
• Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation. Recognition signed into statute April 22, 2011.

On May 7, 2012, Governor Shumlim signed legislative bills officially recognizing two more Abenaki Bands:

• Koasek Abenaki Tribe. Also known as Traditional Koasek Abenaki Nation of the Koas.
• Missiquoi Abenaki Tribe. Also known as Missisquoi St Francis Sokoki Abenaki Nations. Petitioned for federal recognition, denied in 2007.{{cite web |title=Petitioner #068: St. Francis/Sokoki Band of Abenakis of Vermont, VT |url=https://www.bia.gov/as-ia/ofa/068-sfaben-vt |website=Indian Affairs |date=October 2007 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |access-date=30 January 2022}}

Virginia has an office to manage Indian affairs: the Virginia Council on Indians. It is composed of 13 members - eight from Virginia tribes officially recognized by the Commonwealth, two members at-large from Indian population in Virginia, one from House of Delegates, one from Senate, and one from Commonwealth at-large.

Virginia has the following state-recognized tribes:

• Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/30/2002. Receipt of Petition 12/30/2002.[http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/2003/03-6659.htm Receipt of Petitions for Federal Acknowledgment of Existence as an Indian Tribe (68 FR 13724)] State-recognized 2010; in Courtland, Southampton County.{{cite web|url=http://indians.vipnet.org/tribes/index.cfm|title=Virginia Tribes|author=Virginia Council on Indians|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030810202754/http://indians.vipnet.org/tribes/index.cfm|archive-date=2003-08-10}} Letter of intent to file for federal recognition 2017. Currently a bill is being sponsored.
• Mattaponi Indian Nation (a.k.a. Mattaponi Indian Reservation). Letter of Intent to Petition 04/04/1995. State-recognized 1983; in Banks of the Mattaponi River, King William County. The Mattaponi and Pamunkey have reservations based in colonial-era treaties ratified by the Commonwealth in 1658. Pamunkey Tribe's attorney told Congress in 1991 that the tribes state reservation originated in a treaty with the crown in the 17th century and has been occupied by Pamunkey since that time under strict requirements and following the treaty obligation to provide to the Crown a deer every year, and they've done that (replacing Crown with Governor of Commonwealth since Virginia became a Commonwealth).
• Nottoway Indian Tribe of Virginia. Recognized 2010; in Capron, Southampton County.
• Patawomeck Indian Tribe of Virginia. Recognized 2010; in Stafford County.

Washington has not formally recognized any tribes by statute. However, the state or preceding territorial government has been a party to treaties involving a number of tribes that are not federally recognized.

Wisconsin has no state-recognized tribes.

West Virginia has no office to manage Indian affairs and no state-recognized tribes.

Wyoming has no state-recognized tribes.

;United States

• Federally recognized tribes (Lower 48 states)
• Federally recognized tribes in Alaska
• List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes, not recognized by state or federal governments
• Native Americans in the United States
• List of federally recognized tribes by state
• List of Indian reservations in the United States
• List of historical Indian reservations in the United States
• Outline of United States federal Indian law and policy
• National Park Service Native American Heritage Sites

;Canada

• List of Indian reserves in Canada
• List of First Nations governments
• List of First Nations peoples

;Related

• Diplomatic recognition
• List of states with limited recognition
• List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
• Sovereignty
• Tribal sovereignty

{{Reflist}}

• Koenig, Alexa and Jonathan Stein (2008). Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. University of Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 48.
• Sheffield, Gail (1998). Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. {{ISBN|0-8061-2969-7}}.
• [https://www.usconstitution.net/const.html Constitution of the United States]

• Miller, Mark Edwin. Forgotten Tribes: Unrecognized Indians and the Federal Acknowledgment Process. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2004. Discusses the state recognition process, the experiences of several state-recognized tribes (the United Houma Nation of Louisiana, and the Tigua/Pueblo of Ysleta Del Sur and Alabama-Coushatta Tribes of Texas- the latter two are federally recognized), and the problems of non-federally acknowledged indigenous communities.
• Bates, Denise. The Other Movement: Indian Rights and Civil Rights in the Deep South. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011. Details state recognition and the functioning of state Indian commissions in Alabama and Louisiana.
• [https://digitalcommons.law.scu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1123&context=lawreview Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20101111060821/http://www.bia.gov/idc/groups/public/documents/text/idc-001215.pdf "BIA list of petitioners for recognition by state as of 22 September 2008]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513173319/http://www.doi.gov/bia/off_fed_acknowledg/status_summary_021507.pdf BIA status summary of petitions for recognition as of 15 February 2007"]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20080917205052/http://indian.senate.gov/2000hrgs/s611_0524/jones.pdf Testimony of Leon Jones, Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and Dan McCoy, Tribal Council Chairman, on the Indian Federal Recognition Administrative Procedures Act of 1999]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090301052818/http://taskforce.cherokee.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=y%2BJcRrV4oDc%3D&tabid=106&mid=2118 Joint resolution of the Cherokee Nation and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians opposing fabricated Cherokee "tribes" and "Indians" (acknowledges the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians)]
• [http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-348 U.S. GAO - Indian Issues: Federal Funding for Non-Federally Recognized Tribes Published April 12, 2012]

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Category:Native American law

Category:Native American-related lists