Suezmax
{{Short description|Largest ships that can transit the Suez Canal}}
{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = The Seavigour oil tanker (2017).jpg | Ship caption = A Suezmax oil tanker, Seavigour, in 2017 }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship type = | Ship tonnage = typically {{DWT|160,000}} | Ship displacement = | Ship length = {{convert|400|m|abbr=on}} (maximum) | Ship beam = {{convert|77.5|m|ft}} (maximum); {{convert|50|m|abbr=on|0}} (at 20.1 m draft) | Ship height = {{convert|68|m|abbr=on|0}} (maximum) | Ship draught = | Ship draft = {{convert|20.1|m|abbr=on}} (maximum) | Ship depth = | Ship decks = | Ship deck clearance = | Ship ramps = | Ship ice class = | Ship sail plan = | Ship power = | Ship propulsion = | Ship speed = | Ship capacity = | Ship crew = | Ship notes = }} |
File:Capesize bulk carrier at Suez Canal Bridge.JPG, larger ships pass through the canal – in this case, a capesize bulk carrier approaches the Egyptian–Japanese Friendship Bridge]]
File:Ship measurements comparison.svg of Suezmax with some other ship sizes in isometric view]]
"Suezmax" is a naval architecture term for the largest ship measurements capable of transiting the Suez Canal in a laden condition, and is almost exclusively used in reference to tankers. The limiting factors are beam, draft, height (because of the Suez Canal Bridge), and length{{Cite web| url=https://www.suezcanal.gov.eg:443/English/Navigation/Pages/RulesOfNavigation.aspx|title=SCA – Rules of Navigation| website=www.suezcanal.gov.eg| language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}} (even though the canal has no locks).
Description
The current channel depth of the canal allows for a maximum of {{convert|20.1|m|ft}} of draft,{{cite web |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/idAFJOE66P09P20100726 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119101337/http://af.reuters.com/article/idAFJOE66P09P20100726 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2012 |title=Egypt's Suez canal H1 revenue, traffic up; upgrade helps |date=26 July 2010 |work=Reuters Africa |publisher= Thomson Reuters (af.reuters.com) |access-date=26 March 2011}} meaning that a few fully laden supertankers are too deep to fit through, and either have to unload part of their cargo to other ships ("transhipment") or to a pipeline terminal before passing through, or alternatively avoid the Suez Canal and travel around Cape Agulhas instead. The canal was deepened in 2009, increasing the draft from {{convert|18|to|20|m|ft}}.
The typical deadweight of a Suezmax ship is about 160,000 tons; the typical beam (width) is about {{convert|48|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}. Also of note is the maximum head room—"air draft"—limitation of {{convert|68|m|ft|1|abbr=on}}, resulting from the {{convert|70|m|ft|adj=on}} height above water of the Suez Canal Bridge. Suez Canal Authority produces tables of width and acceptable draft, which are subject to change. From 2010, the wetted surface cross sectional area of the ship is limited by {{cvt|1006|m2|ft2}}, which means {{convert|20.1|m|ft}} of draft for ships with the beam no wider than {{convert|50.0|m|ft}} or {{convert|12.2|m|ft}} of draft for ships with maximum allowed beam of {{convert|77.5|m|ft}}.[http://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/Files/2-2010.pdf Suez Canal Authority – Beam and Draught Table] {{webarchive| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604114747/http://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/Files/2-2010.pdf |date=2013-06-04 }}
The similar terms Panamax, Malaccamax, and Seawaymax are used for the largest ships capable of fitting through the Panama Canal, the Strait of Malacca and Saint Lawrence Seaway, respectively. The term "Chinamax" refers to vessels able to use a number of harbours while fully laden. "Capesize" refers to bulk carriers too big to pass through the Suez Canal—and needing to travel the Cape route around the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Agulhas—but recent dredging means many Capesize vessels can use the canal. Plans to deepen the draft to {{convert|70|ft|m|order=flip}} could lead to a redefinition of the Suezmax specification, as happened to the Panamax specification after deepening and widening of the Panama Canal.
Aframax is a freight rating, not a geographic routing limiter, for tankers are those with a capacity of {{DWT|80,000|metric|disp=long}} to {{DWT|120,000}}.
Container ships
Vessels longer than {{convert|400|m|ft}} need permission from the Suez Canal Authority to transit the canal. As of 2020, the largest container ships in service all have a length of (close to) 400 metres, and a beam and draft that fit just within the limits of the canal.{{Cite web |title=Rules of Navigation2020 pdf page 75 |url=https://www.suezcanal.gov.eg/FlipPDFFiles/RulesOfNavigation/index.html#p=75 |access-date=2024-01-11 |website=www.suezcanal.gov.eg}}{{Cite journal| last1=Park| first1=Nam Kyu| last2=Suh|first2=Sang Cheol|date=2019-05-06 |title=Tendency toward Mega Containerships and the Constraints of Container Terminals| journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering| language=en| volume=7|issue=5| pages=131|doi=10.3390/jmse7050131| doi-access=free}} The ship Ever Given, which ran aground in the Canal in 2021, has Suezmax size being 399.9 metres long and with a {{convert|58.8|m|ft|adj=on}} beam.{{csr|register=ABS|id=18265351|shipname=Ever Given|accessdate=25 March 2021}}
See also
- Panamax
- List of Panamax ports
- {{format link|Cargo ship#Size categories}}
- Malaccamax
- Q-Max
{{Portal|Transport}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://maritime-connector.com/wiki/ship-sizes/ Ship sizes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503010753/http://maritime-connector.com/wiki/ship-sizes/ |date=2021-05-03 }}
{{Suez Canal}}
{{Ship measurements}}