Suicide weapon

Suicide weapons have been used both in conventional warfare, as well as in terrorism.

File:Chinese infantry soldier preparing a suicide vest of Model 24 hand grenades at the Battle of Taierzhuang against Japanese Tanks.jpg.]]

In the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese used suicide bombing against the Japanese with explosive vests. A Chinese soldier detonated a grenade vest and killed 20 Japanese at Sihang Warehouse. Chinese troops strapped explosives like grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies and threw themselves under Japanese tanks to blow them up.{{Cite thesis |last=Schaedler |first=Luc |title=Angry Monk: Reflections on Tibet: Literary, Historical, and Oral Sources for a Documentary Film |degree=PhD |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/17710/3/Angry_Monk_Dissertation.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719204815/http://www.zora.uzh.ch/17710/3/Angry_Monk_Dissertation.pdf |archive-date=2014-07-19 |date=Autumn 2007 |page=518 |publisher=University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts |access-date=24 April 2014}} This tactic was used during the Battle of Shanghai, where a Chinese suicide bomber stopped a Japanese tank column by exploding himself beneath the lead tank,{{cite book|title=Shanghai 1937: Stalingrad on the Yangtze|first=Peter|last=Harmsen|edition=illustrated|year=2013|publisher=Casemate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpPUAgAAQBAJ&q=shanghai+grenade+tanks+japanese&pg=PT127|page=112|isbn=978-1612001678|access-date=24 April 2014}} and at the Battle of Taierzhuang where dynamite and grenades were strapped on by Chinese troops who rushed at Japanese tanks and blew themselves up.{{cite book|title=China Condensed: 5,000 Years of History & Culture|first=Siew Chey|last=Ong|edition=illustrated|year=2005|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bt7q8hfiZ4gC&q=taierzhuang+suicide+bombers&pg=PA94|page=94|isbn=9812610677|access-date=24 April 2014}}{{cite book |url= http://numistamp.com/Taierzhuang-1938----Stalingrad-1942-(Page-1).php |title=Taierzhuang 1938 – Stalingrad 1942 |last1=Olsen |first1= Lance |date= 2012|website= Numistamp |publisher= Clear Mind Publishing|isbn=978-0-9838435-9-7 | access-date=24 April 2014}}{{cite book|title=China Condensed: 5,000 Years of History & Culture|author=Dr Ong Siew Chey|year=2011|publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd|isbn=978-9814312998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdKIAAAAQBAJ&q=japanese+tanks+suicide+bombers&pg=PA79|page=79|edition=reprint|access-date=April 24, 2014}} During one incident at Taierzhuang, Chinese suicide bombers obliterated four Japanese tanks with grenade bundles.{{cite book|title=International Press Correspondence, Volume 18|year=1938|publisher=Richard Neumann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRlWAAAAYAAJ&q=Thus,+for+instance,+a+group+of+Chinese+soldiers,+in+spite+of+heavy+artillery+fire,+attacked+a+column+of+Japanese+tanks+with+hand-grenades+and+destroyed+four+tanks,+sacrificing+their+own+lives.+These+courageous+soldiers+thereby+opened+the+way+for+the+Chinese+troops.+According+to+reports+from+Shanghai,+the+losses+of+the+Japanese+army+operating+on+the+eastern+front+amounted+in+February+to+5,400+killed+and+12,700+wounded.+400+oificers+were+killed+or+wounded.+In+March+35+Japanese|page=447|access-date=24 April 2014}}{{cite book|title=The people's war|first=Israel|last=Epstein|year=1939|publisher=V. Gollancz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TevqAAAAIAAJ&q=The+men+in+the+trenches+waited+till+the+tanks+came+close,+then+jumped+out+and+threw+bundles+of+hand-+grenades+under+their+wheels+and+into+their+ports.+Four+tanks+were+destroyed,+neatly+pierced+by+anti-tank+shells,+and+nine+others+were|page=172|access-date=24 April 2014}}

The Pacific War of World War II bore witness to the Japanese kamikaze suicide attack pilots ("kamikaze" was not a term used by the Japanese themselves). Late in the war, as the tide turned against Japan, kamikaze pilots were deployed to attempt to crash their aircraft into American and allied ships in the Pacific. The Japanese even developed specialized aircraft for the tactic, such as the Yokosuka Ohka flying bomb.Francillon, Ph.D., René J. "Mitsubishi G4M "Betty" and Ohka Bomb" Aircraft in Profile, Vol. 9. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1971. {{ISBN|0-85383-018-5}}. A successful kamikaze attack would both kill the plane's pilot and damage the target ship, possibly even sinking it. Related tactics included the kaiten suicide minisub, a human torpedo which a single Japanese pilot would steer into an Allied ship.[http://www.ww2pacific.com/suicide.html World War II in the Pacific – Japanese Suicide Attacks at Sea]

North Korean tanks were attacked by South Koreans with suicide tactics during the Korean War.{{cite book|title=International Journal of Korean Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=egsxAQAAIAAJ&q=Upon+knowing+that+2.36-inch+bazookas+were+not+effective+against+the+Soviet-made+T-34s,+they+organized+%22a+suicidal+group,%22+approached+the+tanks,+and+threw+a+bundle+of+hand+grenades+with+Molotov+cocktails+into+the+turrets+of+the+North+Korean+tanks.+Moreover,+after+fighting|year=2001|publisher=Korea Society and the International Council on Korean Studies|pages=40}}{{cite book|author=Carter Malkasian|title=The Korean War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHB5BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT22|date=29 May 2014|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-0994-0|pages=22–}} American tanks at Seoul were also attacked by North Korean suicide squads,{{cite book|author=T. I. Han|title=Lonesome Hero: Memoir of a Korea War POW|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbP0RK5ZKJ4C&pg=PA69|date=1 May 2011|publisher=AuthorHouse|isbn=978-1-4634-1176-3|pages=69–}} who carried satchel charges on their bodies.{{cite book|author=Charles R. Smith|title=U.S. Marines in the Korean War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xov0PtHvy-QC&pg=PA183|publisher=Government Printing Office|isbn=978-0-16-087251-8|pages=183–|year=2007}} A North Korean soldier named Li Su-Bok, who destroyed an American tank during one such attack, is hailed as a hero in North Korea.{{cite book|author=Sonia Ryang|title=North Korea: Toward a Better Understanding|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w1GzO3CV1aAC&pg=PA78|date=16 January 2009|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-3207-4|pages=78–}}

Certain aircraft built or projected for the Luftwaffe during the time of the Allied bombing before the surrender of Nazi Germany in World War II, such as the Bachem Ba 349, Fliegende Panzerfaust, Sombold So 344, Zeppelin Rammer or the Blohm & Voss BV 40 are sometimes listed as suicide weapons. However, they were not intended as such, even though the chances of survival would have been very limited for the pilots of such dangerous artifacts. In those years Nazi authorities considered the use of selbstopfer (suicide) planes such as the Messerschmitt Me 328 and the Fieseler 103.{{Cite web |url=http://www.wissenschaft-und-frieden.de/seite.php?artikelID=0833 |title=Ulrich Albrecht: Artefakte des Fanatismus; Technik und nationalsozialistische Ideologie in der Endphase des Dritten Reiches |access-date=2013-06-10 |archive-date=2020-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413090345/https://www.wissenschaft-und-frieden.de/seite.php?artikelID=0833 |url-status=dead }}

Political groups using suicide weapons in the post-Cold War era include mainly outfits affiliated to Islamic terrorism,[https://www.surrey.ac.uk/politics/research/researchareasofstaff/isppsummeracademy/instructors%20/Explaining%20Suicide%20Terrorism.pdf Explaining Suicide Terrorism: A Review Essay] among which even children have been used in order to escape detection when carrying out suicide attacks.[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2010/April/Kiddy-Jihad-Child-Bombers-Terrors-Newest-Weapon/ Child Bombers Terror's Newest Weapon] However, non-Islamic groups, such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, also have been prone to use suicide weapons. Today, the most common suicide weapons used to carry out terrorist attacks are car bombs or truck bombs, as well as antipersonnel bombs carried by a single person. Suicide bombers strap explosives, often covered with nails, screws, or other items intended to act as fragments, to their bodies or otherwise carry them into populated areas and detonate them. The Tamil Tigers of Sri Lanka are known for having made high-profile use of this method in the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi. Similar methods have been also used by Palestinian terrorist groups in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, among others.

Kamikaze attacks were mimicked in the September 11 attacks in 2001, in which a group of mostly Saudi terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon by flying hijacked jet airliners into them. It was the first and only time in history that hijacked jet airliners filled with fuel were used as cruise missiles against targets of such magnitude.[http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report_Exec.htm Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States]{{cite journal|last1=Lewis|first1=Jeffrey William|title=The Human Use of Human Beings: A Brief History of Suicide Bombing|journal=Origins|date=April 2013|volume=6|issue=7|url=http://origins.osu.edu/article/human-use-human-beings-brief-history-suicide-bombing|access-date=21 October 2015}}

• Suicide bombs
• Explosive belt
• SVBIEDs
• Car bomb
• Kamikaze attacks by Japan in WWII
• Kaiten - human-steered torpedo
• Ohka - human-controlled missile/suicide attack parasite aircraft
• Shin'yō - human-steered suicide speedboat
• Fukuryu - suicide attack frogmen
• Lunge mine - suicidal anti-tank mine

• Japanese Special Attack Units

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• {{Commons category-inline|Suicide weapons}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615021151/http://www.geocities.jp/torikai007/1945/kaiten.html Japanese suicide weapon：Human　torpedo　Kaiten　and　Human Bomb　Ohoka](Japanese)