Suifenhe

{{Infobox settlement

|name = Suifenhe

|official_name =

|native_name = 绥芬河市

|native_name_lang = zh-Hans

|settlement_type = County-level & Sub-prefectural city

|image_skyline = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| total_width = 280

| image_style = border:1;

| perrow = 1/2/2/

| image1 = Old Suifenhe railway station 2.jpg

| image2 = Suifenhe Central Square night.jpg

| image3 = Suifenhe (view from the temple Guanlin).jpg

| image4 = Downtown Suifenhe.jpg

| image5 = Suifenhe Port Old National Gate.jpg

| image6 =

}}

|image_caption = Clockwise from top:
Suifenhe Railway Station, Da Guangming Temple, "National Gate" on the China–Russia border, downtown Suifenhe, Central Square

|image_map = ChinaMudanjiangSuifenhe.png

|map_caption = Suifenhe in Mudanjiang

|pushpin_map = Heilongjiang

|pushpin_label_position = right

|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Heilongjiang

|subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China

|subdivision_type1 = Province

|subdivision_name1 = Heilongjiang

|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city

|subdivision_name2 = Mudanjiang

|subdivision_type3 = Township-level divisions

|subdivision_name3 = 2 towns

|seat = Suifenhe Town ({{lang|zh-hans|绥芬河镇}})

|seat_type = Municipal seat

|area_total_km2 = 460

|population =

|population_as_of =

|population_density_km2 = auto

|population_total = 100000

|coor_pinpoint = Suifenhe municipal government

|coordinates = {{coord|44.4124|N|131.1518|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-23_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}

|elevation_m = 464

|timezone = China Standard

|utc_offset = +8

|postal_code = 157300

|postal_code_type = Postal code

|area_code = 0453

|blank_name = Climate

|blank_info = Dwb

|website = {{URL|suifenhe.gov.cn}}

}}

{{Infobox Chinese|order=st|psp=Suifenho|w=Sui²-fen¹-ho²|s=绥芬河|t=綏芬河|p=Suífēnhé}}

Suifenhe ({{zh|s=绥芬河}}) is a county-level city in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located where the former Chinese Eastern Railway crosses the border with Russia's town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai. In January 2014, Suifenhe became the only Chinese city in which trading with Russian Ruble is officially allowed.{{Cite web|last=中国金融信息网|title=绥芬河卢布现钞使用试点进入正式实施阶段|url=http://rmb.xinhua08.com/a/20150810/1536681.shtml|access-date=2021-02-27|website=中国金融信息网}}{{Cite web|title=绥芬河试点使用卢布现钞-新华网|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-08/11/c_128116089.htm|access-date=2021-02-27|website=www.xinhuanet.com}} The city shares its name with the Suifen River, and is under the administration of Mudanjiang Prefecture-level City.

Suifenhe and the surrounding border areas were scenes of vicious combat when the Soviet Union invaded Japanese-occupied Manchuria in August 1945.

Geography and climate

File:Txu-oclc-6614368-nl52-12.jpg

Suifenhe has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, very cold, but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperatures range from {{convert|−16.1|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|19.3|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|+3.17|°C|1}}. Precipitation is light in the winter, and more than 2/3 of the year's precipitation occurs from June to September. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in July to 64% in January and February, the city receives 2,413 hours of bright sunshine annually, with the latter half of winter being especially sunny.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Suifenhe, elevation {{convert|568|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–2010)

|Jan high C = -10.5

|Feb high C = -6.0

|Mar high C = 1.3

|Apr high C = 11.2

|May high C = 18.0

|Jun high C = 22.1

|Jul high C = 24.7

|Aug high C = 24.2

|Sep high C = 19.5

|Oct high C = 11.6

|Nov high C = 0.0

|Dec high C = -8.7

|Jan mean C = -15.7

|Feb mean C = -11.6

|Mar mean C = -4.1

|Apr mean C = 5.2

|May mean C = 11.7

|Jun mean C = 16.4

|Jul mean C = 19.7

|Aug mean C = 19.1

|Sep mean C = 13.3

|Oct mean C = 5.5

|Nov mean C = -5.0

|Dec mean C = -13.5

|Jan low C = -19.8

|Feb low C = -16.3

|Mar low C = -9.1

|Apr low C = -0.6

|May low C = 5.7

|Jun low C = 11.1

|Jul low C = 15.4

|Aug low C = 14.9

|Sep low C = 7.8

|Oct low C = 0.2

|Nov low C = -9.2

|Dec low C = -17.4

|Jan record high C = 5.1 |Jan record low C = -33.4

|Feb record high C = 10.0 |Feb record low C = -31.0

|Mar record high C = 17.0 |Mar record low C = -24.1

|Apr record high C = 28.2 |Apr record low C = -13.0

|May record high C = 31.7 |May record low C = -4.3

|Jun record high C = 33.9 |Jun record low C = 0.4

|Jul record high C = 35.3 |Jul record low C = 6.9

|Aug record high C = 34.4 |Aug record low C = 3.6

|Sep record high C = 29.6 |Sep record low C = -6.7

|Oct record high C = 27.1 |Oct record low C = -15.4

|Nov record high C = 17.5 |Nov record low C = -27.6

|Dec record high C = 8.2 |Dec record low C = -32.3

|year high C = |year low C =

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 8.4

|Feb precipitation mm = 7.0

|Mar precipitation mm = 17.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 31.4

|May precipitation mm = 76.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 93.6

|Jul precipitation mm = 124.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 128.6

|Sep precipitation mm = 68.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 39.8

|Nov precipitation mm = 22.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 10.5

|Jan humidity = 65

|Feb humidity = 59

|Mar humidity = 57

|Apr humidity = 54

|May humidity = 64

|Jun humidity = 78

|Jul humidity = 84

|Aug humidity = 84

|Sep humidity = 75

|Oct humidity = 61

|Nov humidity = 63

|Dec humidity = 66

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 6.0

|Feb precipitation days = 5.3

|Mar precipitation days = 8.4

|Apr precipitation days = 9.4

|May precipitation days = 14.3

|Jun precipitation days = 15.0

|Jul precipitation days = 15.5

|Aug precipitation days = 15.0

|Sep precipitation days = 10.8

|Oct precipitation days = 8.3

|Nov precipitation days = 7.6

|Dec precipitation days = 7.2

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 175.4

|Feb sun = 188.3

|Mar sun = 216.7

|Apr sun = 200.3

|May sun = 215.8

|Jun sun = 209.9

|Jul sun = 192.8

|Aug sun = 193.4

|Sep sun = 217.4

|Oct sun = 203.9

|Nov sun = 161.2

|Dec sun = 155.1

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 61

| Feb percentsun = 64

| Mar percentsun = 58

| Apr percentsun = 49

| May percentsun = 47

| Jun percentsun = 45

| Jul percentsun = 41

| Aug percentsun = 45

| Sep percentsun = 59

| Oct percentsun = 61

| Nov percentsun = 57

| Dec percentsun = 57

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 9.0

|Feb snow days = 8.7

|Mar snow days = 12.1

|Apr snow days = 7.3

|May snow days = 0.7

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0.1

|Oct snow days = 3.3

|Nov snow days = 9.7

|Dec snow days = 10.8

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=27 September 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =27 September 2023}}

{{cite web |url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3|archive-date=2013-09-21}}

}}

Administrative divisions

Suifenhe administers two towns:{{cite web

|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/23/10/231081.html

|script-title=zh:2011年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：绥芬河市

|publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China

|language = zh

|access-date = 2013-02-18}}{{cite web

|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/

|title = 国家统计局

|publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China

|language = zh

|access-date = 2021-12-07}}

Suifenhe Town ({{lang|zh-hans|绥芬河镇}})
Funing Town ({{lang|zh-hans|阜宁镇}})

Transport

=Road=

Suifenhe is also a terminus of both G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway and China National Highway 301, which run northwest to Manzhouli (Inner Mongolia), which is another China–Russia port-of-entry.

=Road and rail border crossing=

File:Suifenhe Railway Great White House.jpg, now a museum]]

Suifenhe is one of the points where China's and Russia's railway systems connect through a rail border crossing on the Sino-Russian border. The rail line was originally constructed as the Chinese Eastern Railway in the early 20th century, but now serves as the terminus of the Harbin-Suifenhe Railway. The train station on the opposite side of the border is Grodekovo, in the town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai.

As of December 2009, Russian train schedule sites show the existence of the passenger train no. 401, making the 26-km trip between Suifenhe and Grodekovo twice a week; however, the twice-a-week trains no. 006, Khabarovsk–Harbin, and no. 967, Vladivostok–Harbin only have a scheduled stop in Grodekovo and not in Suifenhe.[http://www.poezda.net Russian train schedules site]. One can search e.g. by entering "Grodekovo" as a station name, obtaining results like this: http://www.poezda.net/en/station_timetable?st_code=2034464&forDate=08-12-2009 The through trains from Khabarovsk and Vladivostok may in reality be just single cars, or groups of cars, attached to a train terminating in Grodekovo, and then passed on to the Chinese railways.

The cross-border rail line is important for freight transportation. As of 2015, the main cargo entering China from Russia over this railway crossing is iron ore; at 1.3 million tons over the first 5 months of the year, it constitutes about 1/3 of the total import cargo volume.{{cite web |url=http://news.huochepiao.com/2015-6/201565949028.htm |script-title=zh:绥芬河铁路口岸2015年1至5月进口铁矿创历史同期新高] |trans-title=Record amount of iron ore imported through the Suifenhe railway point of entry over the first 5 months of 2015 |website=houchepiao.com news}}

The G10 Suifenhe–Manzhouli Expressway and China National Highway 301, which terminates at Suifenhe is connected via a road border crossing to Russia's A184 Highway. The nearest city to the crossing on the Russian side is Pogranichny.

=Airport=

Suifenhe Dongning Airport opened on 28 December 2024.http://www.news.cn/20241228/a08db0d87fd147e1b234d30720d8b6cc/c.html

References

Category:Cities in Heilongjiang

Category:China–Russia border crossings

Category:Mudanjiang