Svalbard and Jan Mayen
{{Short description|Two parts of Norway under separate jurisdictions}}
{{About|the collective term "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" as defined by the ISO|the two separate territories|Svalbard|and|Jan Mayen}}
{{Good article}}
{{Infobox dependency
|GDP_nominal = USD 277,347,541
|area_km2 = 61,399
|largest_city = Longyearbyen
|image_map = Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world (W3).svg
|map_caption = Location of Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world
}}
Svalbard and Jan Mayen ({{langx|no|Svalbard og Jan Mayen}}, ISO 3166-1 alpha-2: SJ, ISO 3166-1 alpha-3: SJM, ISO 3166-1 numeric: 744) is a statistical designation defined by ISO 3166-1 for a collective grouping of two remote jurisdictions of Norway: Svalbard and Jan Mayen. While the two are combined for the purposes of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) category, they are not administratively related. This has further resulted in the country code top-level domain {{mono|.sj}} being issued for Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and ISO 3166-2:SJ. The United Nations Statistics Division also uses this code, but has named it the Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.
Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean under the sovereignty of Norway, but is subject to the special status granted by the Svalbard Treaty. Jan Mayen is a remote island in the Arctic Ocean; it has no permanent population and is administered by the County Governor of Nordland. Svalbard and Jan Mayen have in common that they are the only integrated parts of Norway not allocated to counties.
While a separate ISO code for Svalbard was proposed by the United Nations, it was the Norwegian authorities who took initiative to include Jan Mayen in the code. Its official language is Norwegian.
Constituents
= Svalbard =
{{Main|Svalbard}}
File:Tundra1 (js).jpg in Svalbard]]
Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic about midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude, and from 10° to 35° east longitude.{{cite news |title=Svalbard |publisher=Norwegian Polar Institute |url=http://www.npolar.no/en/the-arctic/svalbard/index.html |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724182037/http://www.npolar.no/en/the-arctic/svalbard/index.html |url-status=live}}{{cite news |title=Svalbard Treaty |publisher=Wikisource |url=http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty |date=9 February 1920 |access-date=24 March 2010}} The area is {{convert|61022|km2}} and there were 2,595 residents in September 2024 Spitsbergen is the largest island, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya.{{cite web |url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/befsvalbard_en/arkiv/tab-2009-10-22-01-en.html |title=Population in the settlements. Svalbard |publisher=Statistics Norway |date=22 October 2009 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=28 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728153613/http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/befsvalbard_en/arkiv/tab-2009-10-22-01-en.html |url-status=live}} The administrative center is Longyearbyen, and other settlements, in addition to research outposts, are the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research community of Ny-Ålesund and the mining outpost of Sveagruva.{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/svalbard/ |title=Svalbard |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |work=The World Factbook |access-date=4 March 2012 }}
The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty,{{cite news |title=Svalbard Treaty |publisher=Governor of Svalbard |url=http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723003932/http://www.sysselmannen.no/hovedEnkel.aspx?m=45301 |url-status=live}} and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. The archipelago is administered by the Governor of Svalbard, which is subordinate to the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security.{{cite book |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/Documents-and-publications/Reports-to-the-Storting-White-Papers/Reports-to-the-Storting/19992000/report-no-9-to-the-storting-/5-The-administration-of-Svalbard.html?id=456897 |title=Report No. 9 to the Storting (1999-2000): Svalbard |publisher=Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security |chapter=5 The administration of Svalbard |date=29 October 1999 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=19 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219173019/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/jd/Documents-and-publications/Reports-to-the-Storting-White-Papers/Reports-to-the-Storting/19992000/report-no-9-to-the-storting-/5-The-administration-of-Svalbard.html?id=456897 |url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://lovdata.no/all/hl-19250717-011.html |title=Lov om Svalbard |publisher=Lovdata |date=19 June 2009 |language=no |access-date=24 March 2010}} Unlike the rest of Norway (including Jan Mayen), Svalbard is a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone, and is not part of the Schengen Area nor the European Economic Area.{{cite web |url=http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19921127-109-0.html |title=Lov om gjennomføring i norsk rett av hoveddelen i avtale om Det europeiske økonomiske samarbeidsområde (EØS) m.v. (EØS-loven). |publisher=Lovdata |date=10 August 2007 |language=no |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=10 December 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001210194300/http://www.lovdata.no/all/tl-19921127-109-0.html |url-status=live}}
= Jan Mayen =
{{Main|Jan Mayen}}
Jan Mayen is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean located at the border of the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea. The single island covers an area of {{convert|377|km2}} and is dominated by the {{convert|2277|m|adj=on}} tall Beerenberg volcano. The island's only population is a combined military and meteorological outpost that operated a LORAN-C transmitter at Olonkinbyen.{{cite web |title=Jan Mayen information |url=https://www.jan-mayen.com/jan-mayen-information.html}} The Norwegian Meteorological Institute annexed the island for Norway in 1922. On 27 February 1930, the island was made de jure a part of the Kingdom of Norway. Since 1994, the island has been administered by the County Governor of Nordland, with some authority delegated to the station commander.{{cite web |title=Jan Mayen |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |website=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jan-mayen/ |access-date=4 March 2012 }} Before 1994, the Governor of Svalbard administered Jan Mayen.
Application
File:Map Norway political-geo.png
The ISO designation is congruent with an equivalent United Nations Statistics Division category and users of these classification systems may in some cases report separately for "Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands" instead of rolling up this information into the "Norway" category.{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/countinfo.htm |title=Country Information |publisher=United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |date=5 September 2010 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=29 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529001520/http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/countinfo.htm |url-status=live}} Neither Svalbard nor Jan Mayen have their own flag or coat of arms, and the flag of Norway is used for both of them, both alone and as a group.
An attempt to change the ISO code to just "Svalbard" has previously failed because of opposition from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. However, for statistics use within population and trade, "Svalbard and Jan Mayen" essentially means just "Svalbard".{{cite web |url=http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/1998/03/migration/5.e.pdf |title=Country classifications in migration statistics – present situation and proposals for a Eurostat standard |last=Takle |first=Mona Takle |first2=Kåre |last2=Vassenden |publisher=United Nations Statistical Commission and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |date=March 2008 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=16 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030416063636/http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/1998/03/migration/5.e.pdf |url-status=live}}
= ISO 3166-2 =
{{Main|ISO 3166-2:SJ}}
ISO 3166-2:SJ is the entry for Svalbard and Jan Mayen in ISO 3166-2, a system for assigning codes to subnational administrative divisions. However, further subdivision for Svalbard and Jan Mayen occurs under Norway's entry, ISO 3166-2:NO:{{cite web |url=http://www.statoids.com/usj.html |title=Territories of Svalbard and Jan Mayen |publisher=Statoids |date=6 April 2005 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=8 January 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040108025813/http://www.statoids.com/usj.html |url-status=live}}
The hierarchical administrative subdivision codes for Svalbard is SJ.SV and for Jan Mayen is SJ.JM.
= Top-level domain =
{{Main|.sj}}
By virtue of the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code SJ, Svalbard and Jan Mayen were grouped together and allocated the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) {{mono|.sj}}.{{cite web |url=https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/sj.html |title=Delegation Record for .SJ |publisher=Internet Assigned Numbers Authority |date=13 November 2009 |access-date=4 March 2012 |archive-date=17 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117082925/http://iana.org/domains/root/db/sj.html |url-status=live}} Norid, who also administered the Norway's {{mono|.no}} ccTLD, was given the responsibility for the .sj and Bouvet Island's {{mono|.bv}} domain in 1997. Policy prohibits any registration with either of the domains, as institutions connected to Svalbard can use the {{mono|.no}} domain. Norwegian authorities do not want to commercialize the domain resources, and therefore {{mono|.sj}} will not be sold to a third party.{{cite web |url=https://www.norid.no/en/omnorid/toppdomenet-sj/ |title=The .sj top level domains |publisher=Norid | access-date=2 September 2016 }}
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |title=Spitsbergen. Cold Beauty (Photo book) |last=Stange |first=Rolf |year=2011 |url=http://www.spitsbergen-svalbard.com/?p=7536 |publisher=Rolf Stange |language=en,de,nl,no |isbn=978-3-937903-10-1}}
- {{Cite book |title=Spitsbergen – Svalbard. A complete guide around the arctic archipelago |last=Stange |first=Rolf |year=2012 |url=http://www.spitsbergen-svalbard.com/?p=8434 |publisher=Rolf Stange |isbn=978-3-937903-14-9}}
{{Jan Mayen}}
{{Subdivisions of Norway}}
{{Svalbard topics}}
{{Overseas territories of Norway}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|78.6352|N|21.9939|E|display=title}}
Category:Geography of Jan Mayen