Sweden Solar System
{{Short description|Permanent scale model of the Solar System}}
{{Expand Swedish|topic=struct|Sweden Solar System|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Location map+|Sweden|float=right|caption=The Sweden Solar System|places=
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=56.17 | long=14.85 |position=bottom|label=Swift-Tuttle}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=58.39 | long=13.85 |position=bottom|label=Halley}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.29 | long=18.08 |position=bottom|label={{nowrap|Earth, Eros, Saltis, Mars,}}
{{nowrap|Sun, Mercury, Venus}}}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.32 | long=18.07 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.35 | long=18.07 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.37 | long=18.05 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.39 | long=18.04 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.27 | long=18.30 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.40 | long=18.04 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.65 | long=17.92 |position=right|label=Jupiter}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.80 | long=17.77 |position=right|label=}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=59.86 | long=17.65 |position=right|label={{nowrap|Saturn and 5025 PL}}}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=60.41 | long=17.88 |position=right|label=Uranus}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=61.30 | long=17.08 |position=right|label=Neptune}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=61.80 | long=16.58 |position=right|label={{nowrap|Pluto and Charon}}}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=62.64 | long=17.94 |position=left|label=Ixion}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=63.83 | long=20.25 |position=left|label=Eris}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=65.62 | long=22.14 |position=left|label=Sedna}}
{{Location map~|Sweden|marksize=5|label_size=70| lat=67.84 | long=20.41 |position=right|label=Termination Shock}}
}}
The Sweden Solar System is the world's largest permanent scale model of the Solar System. The Sun is represented by the Avicii Arena in Stockholm, the largest hemispherical building in the world. The inner planets can also be found in Stockholm but the outer planets are situated northward in other cities along the Baltic Sea. The system was started by Nils Brenning, professor at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and Gösta Gahm, professor at the Stockholm University.{{cite web | url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/bakgrund.html | title=Sweden Solar System: Bakgrund | language=Swedish | publisher=Sweden Solar System | accessdate=15 September 2009}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.swedensolarsystem.se/en/contact/|title = Contact | Sweden Solar System}} The model represents the Solar System on the scale of 1:20 000 000, i.e. one metre represents 20,000 km.{{cite web | url=http://ttt.astro.su.se/swesolsyst/englishsum.html | title=Sweden Solar System: English summary | publisher=Sweden Solar System | accessdate=15 September 2009}}
The system
File:Ericsson_Globe_Stockholm.jpgThe bodies represented in this model include the Sun, the planets (and some of their moons), dwarf planets and many types of small bodies (comets, asteroids, trans-Neptunians, etc.), as well as some abstract concepts (like the Termination Shock zone). Because of the existence of many small bodies in the real Solar System, the model can always be further increased.
The Sun is represented by the Avicii Arena (Globen), Stockholm, which is the largest hemispherical building in the world, {{cvt|110|m}} in diameter. To respect the scale, the globe represents the Sun including its corona.{{Citation needed|reason=With the actual diameter of the Sun (not including its corona), the object representing Earth would have to be 11.8 km from Avicii Arena, not 7.6 km. But including the size of the corona as found in https://www.space.com/26381-sun-atmosphere-size-nasa-spacecraft.html, the object representing Earth would have to be less than 1 km away.|date=October 2024}}
=Inner planets=
File:Sweden Solar System - Mercury.jpg]]
- Mercury ({{cvt|25|cm}} in diameter) is placed at Stockholm City Museum, {{cvt|2,900|m|mi}} from the Globe. The small metallic sphere was built by the artist Peter Varhelyi.
- Venus ({{cvt|62|cm}} in diameter) is placed at Vetenskapens hus at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, {{cvt|5,500|m|mi}} from the Globe. It was previously located at the Observatory Museum in Stockholm (now closed). A previous model, made by the United States artist Daniel Oberti, was inaugurated during a Venus transit on 8 June 2004 and placed at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. It fell and shattered around 11 June 2011.
- Earth ({{cvt|65|cm}} in diameter) is located at the Swedish Museum of Natural History, {{cvt|7,600|m|mi}} from the Globe. Satellite images of the Earth are exhibited beside the Globe. An elaborate model of the Moon ({{cvt|18|cm}} in diameter) is also on display, about 20 meters from the model of Earth.
- Mars ({{cvt|35|cm}} in diameter) is located at Mörby centrum, a shopping centre and Stockholm metro station in Danderyd, a suburb of Stockholm. It is {{cvt|11.6|km|mi}} from the Globe. The model, made in copper by the Finnish artist Heikki Haapanen, is connected by an "umbilical cord" to a steel plate on the floor having an Earth image.{{Cite web|url=https://www.danderyd.se/404?404;https://www.danderyd.se:443/DanderydTemplates/Page____5486.aspx|title=404|publisher=Danderyd Municipality}} The globe also features marks that represent some typical Martian chemical elements.
=Gas giants=
- Jupiter ({{cvt|7.3|m}} in diameter) is placed inside the Clarion Hotel located at Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sigtuna Municipality, {{cvt|40|km}} from the Globe. Previously, it was made as a flower decoration, with different flowers representing different zones of the giant gas planet. Today, the planet is depicted as a ring light above a lobby.{{Cite web |last=Karlsson |first=Lars |title=Sweden Solar System – Jupiter ver. 2 |url=http://www.astrofriend.eu/astronomy/astronomy-articles/sweden-solar-system-jupiter-2019/sweden-solar-system-jupiter.html |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=astrofriend.eu |language=en}}
- Saturn ({{cvt|6.1|m}} in diameter) is placed outside the old observatory of Anders Celsius, in the square Celsiustorget in the centre of Uppsala, {{cvt|73|km}} from the Globe. Inaugurated during the International Year of Astronomy,[http://space.irfu.se/Pressmeddelande_Mattan.pdf Press release], linked 8 June 2009. the model is a mat with a picture of Saturn, but will eventually grow to crown a school planetarium in the city. In addition, several schools in Uppsala are to provide moons of Saturn: the first completed was Enceladus (diameter {{cvt|2.5|cm|in|disp=or}}) at Kvarngärdesskolan.[http://www.popast.nu/2009/01/egna-manar-till-uppsalaskolor-hela-listan.html List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629201137/http://www.popast.nu/2009/01/egna-manar-till-uppsalaskolor-hela-listan.html |date=29 June 2010 }} of moons of Saturn assigned to schools in Uppsala (in Swedish). (Note: The model was taken down due to vandalism)
- Uranus ({{cvt|2.6|m}} in diameter) was vandalized and the new model was reconstructed behind Stora magasinet in Lövstabruk in 2012. It is an outdoor model made of blue steel bars. The rotation axis of the planet is marked in red.{{Cite web|url = http://www.arbetarbladet.se/uppland/tierp/uranus-landade-i-lovsta|title = Uranus landade i Lövsta|date = 14 October 2012|access-date = 23 August 2016|archive-date = 17 February 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082356/http://www.arbetarbladet.se/uppland/tierp/uranus-landade-i-lovsta|url-status = dead}}
File:Neptune_model_of_Sweden_solar_system.jpg]]
- Neptune ({{cvt|2.5|m}} in diameter) is located by the river Söderhamnsån in Söderhamn, a coast town with tradition of fishing and sailing (which relates to Neptune being the deity of the seas). Placed {{cvt|229|km}} from the Globe, the model is made of acrylic and, at night, shines with a blue light.
=Trans-Neptunian objects=
- Pluto ({{cvt|12|cm}} in diameter) and its largest moon Charon are placed near the southern of the Dellen lakes, in Delsbo, {{cvt|300|km}} from the Globe. The lakes are thought to be formed by a meteorite impact 90 million years ago. The two bodies' sculptures are supported by two gravelike pillars (as Pluto is the deity for death), made up with dellenite, a rare mineral formed at that place by the meteorite impact.
- Haumea ({{cvt|8.5|cm}} in diameter) and its moons are depicted in the 2047 Science Centre, Borlänge, {{cvt|200|km}} from the Globe.
- Quaoar ({{cvt|6|cm}} in diameter) is located in the library in Gislaved, {{cvt|340|km}} from the Globe.
- Ixion ({{cvt|6.5|cm}} in diameter), a dwarf planet candidate, is located at Technichus, a science center in Härnösand, {{cvt|36|km}} from the Globe. The sculpture is an orb held by a hand with the arm. This plutino was discovered by a team which included scientists from Uppsala.
- Makemake ({{cvt|7|cm}} in diameter) is located at Slottsskogsobservatoriet, an observatory in Gothenburg, {{cvt|400|km}} from the Globe.
'Oumuamua ({{cvt|0.3|mm}} in diameter) is placed in the village of Plönninge, Halland, {{cvt|440|km}} from the Globe. - Gonggong ({{cvt|7.5|cm}} in diameter) is placed near the Tycho Brahe Observatory in Oxie, Malmö Municipality, {{cvt|500|km}} from the Globe.
- Eris ({{cvt|13|cm}} in diameter) is located at Umeå Arts Campus, Umeå, {{cvt|518|km}} from the Globe. Made by Theresa Berg, the golden model is inspired by the mythical story of Eris sparking a quarrel between three Greek goddesses with a golden apple bearing the inscription καλλίστῃ (kallistē, "to the most beautiful one").
- Sedna ({{cvt|10|cm}} in diameter), another dwarf planet candidate, is located at Teknikens Hus, a science center in Luleå, {{cvt|734|km}} from the Globe. This represents a distance of about {{cvt|15|E9km}}; Sedna has a highly elliptical orbit, its distance from the Sun varying between {{cvt|11|–|140|E9km}}.
=Other bodies=
File:Sweden_Solar_System_-_Sedna_2.JPG
- 471926 Jörmungandr a minor planet in Stockholm.
- The near-Earth Object Eros is located at Mörbyskolan, a school in Danderyd Municipality (where Mars is located), {{cvt|11|km}} from the Globe. It was created as a Valentine's Day project in gold, modeled after Eros, the god of love. The dimensions are {{cvt|2|×|0.7|×|0.7|mm}}; ({{cvt|0.98|mm3|in3|disp=or}}).
- The asteroid 36614 Saltis is located at Saltsjöbaden's Kunskapsskola, a school near the Stockholm Observatory. The asteroid was discovered by A. Brandeker in 2000, using a telescope at the observatory, and the body was named after the observatory's location, Saltsjöbaden.
- The asteroid Vesta is located at Åva gymnasium, a public secondary school in Täby.
- The asteroid 306367 Nut, a.k.a. 5025 PL for Palomar-Leiden, ({{cvt|0.2|mm}} in diameter) is located in a park in Knivsta Municipality, {{cvt|60|km}} from the Globe. It is not a sculpture but a dot on a map of the System, placed in front of Erik Ståhl's monumental cosmic sculptures.
- Halley's Comet is located at Balthazar Science Center, in Skövde. Inaugurated on 16 December 2009, there are actually four models of the comet: three placed outdoors, based on schoolchildren's drawings, plus one indoors, consisting of a laser passing through a block of glass.
- Comet Swift-Tuttle is placed at Kreativum, a science center in Karlshamn. The comet's orbit is closest to the Globe in inner Stockholm and farthest in Karlshamn, {{cvt|390|km}} away.
- The Termination Shock is at the edge of the heliosphere: it is the boundary where the solar wind transitions to subsonic velocity. No sculpture currently represents the termination shock, but a foundation for a future sculpture exists at the Institute of Space Physics, {{cvt|950|km}} from the Globe, in Kiruna, above the Arctic Circle.
List of objects
Gallery
File:Stockholm Globe Arena.jpg|The Avicii Arena represents the Sun. The rest of the Solar System is scattered in, and north of, Stockholm.
File:Sweden Solar System Mercury.jpg|Mercury in Stockholm
File:R-20220918-152511-PD6.jpg|Venus in Stockholm
File:Sweden Solar System - NewEarth.jpg|Earth in Stockholm
File:Sweden Solar System - NewMoon.jpg|Luna/Moon in Stockholm
File:Mars model of Sweden solar system.jpg|Mars in Stockholm
File:Sweden Solar System - Jupiter.jpg|Jupiter in Stockholm Arlanda Airport
File:Sweden Solar System - Titan.jpg|Titan in Uppsala
File:Sweden Solar System - Uranus.jpg|Uranus in Lövstabruk
File:Neptune model of Sweden solar system.jpg|Neptune in Söderhamn
File:Sweden Solar System - Pluto (closeup).jpg|Pluto in Delsbo
File:Bosse Falk Saltis.JPG|Saltis in Saltsjöbaden
File:Sculpture of asteroid Vesta.jpg|Asteroid Vesta in Täby
File:Sweden Solar System - Ixion.jpg|Ixion in Härnösand
File:Sweden Solar System - ʻOumuamua.jpg|ʻOumuamua in Halland
File:Sweden Solar System - Eris.jpg|Eris in Umeå
File:Sweden Solar System - Sedna 2.JPG|Sedna in Luleå
File:Entrance to Swedish Institute of Space Physics.JPG|The foundation for the sculpture of the Termination Shock in front of the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in Kiruna.
See also
{{Portal|Solar System}}
Notes
{{Notelist}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Sweden Solar System}}
- [http://www.swedensolarsystem.se/en Sweden Solar System's webpage]
- [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/16842382 All objects on Openstreetmap]
{{Solar System models}}
Category:Science and technology in Sweden
Category:Buildings and structures in Sweden