Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols

There are 49 symbols used in standard Taiwanese Hokkien. Of these 49 symbols, 26 are from the original Mandarin Phonetic Symbols, while 23 are additional, created for Taiwanese languages.

• The symbols in blue do not exist in Mandarin phonology.
• Four voiceless consonants ㄅ, ㄉ, ㄍ, ㄏ may be written in small form to represent the unreleased coda, as in ㆴ {{IPAblink|p̚ }}, ㆵ {{IPAblink|t̚ }}, ㆶ {{IPAblink|k̚ }}, ㆷ {{IPAblink|ʔ}}. However, due to technical errors, the coda symbol for ㄍ was mistaken as ㄎ. Unicode encoded ㆻ (31BB) in its version 13.0, and added a note under ㆶ (31B6), indicating 31BB is preferred.[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-13.0/U130-31A0.pdf Bopomofo Extended (Version 13.0)]. Unicode Version-Specific Code Charts. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
• Some extra symbols are used in other Taiwanese dialects: ㄬ {{IPAblink|ɲ}}, ㄛ {{IPAblink|o}}, ㄝ {{IPAblink|ɛ}}, ㆨ {{IPAblink|ɨ}}.

Images below are a collection of Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols:

750px

750px

• For Taiwanese Hokkien and Taiwanese Hakka: 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 12px, 12px, 12px, 12px
• For Taiwanese Hakka only: 20px, 20px
• For Taiwanese Hokkien only: 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px
• For Mandarin only: 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px
• For Taiwanese Hakka and Mandarin: 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px, 20px
• 20px represents {{IPAblink|x}} in Mandarin and {{IPAblink|h}} in Taiwanese Hokkien and Taiwanese Hakka.
• 20px/20px represent {{IPAblink|ɛ}}/{{IPAblink|e}} in Taiwanese Hokkien respectively, but they represent {{IPAblink|e}}/{{IPAblink|ɛ}} in Taiwanese Hakka.[https://language.moe.gov.tw/001/Upload/files/site_content/M0001/mina/D/D002.pdf "Taiwanese Hakka Romanization System" ({{lang|zh-Hant|臺灣客家語拼音方案}})]. 2009. Ministry of Education, Taiwan.[https://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/6/relfile/7803/38403/67447334-bef4-4c69-bc24-32090b745031.pdf "Hakka Romanization System" ({{lang|zh-Hant|客家語拼音方案使用手冊}})]. 2012. Ministry of Education, Taiwan.
• Vowel {{IPAblink|ɨ}} is represented with 20px in Hokkien and 20px in Hakka.[https://ws.moe.edu.tw/001/Upload/6/relfile/7803/38403/67447334-bef4-4c69-bc24-32090b745031.pdf "Hakka Romanization System" ({{lang|zh-Hant|客家語拼音方案使用手冊}})]. 2012. Ministry of Education, Taiwan.

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Note: {{lang|zh-Hant|恬恬}} is Taiwanese Hokkien ({{lang|zh-Hant|台灣話}}). Synonyms would be {{lang|zh-Hant|安靜}} or {{lang|zh-Hant|靜靜}}. {{lang|zh-Hant|先生}}, in this context, means "teacher".

{{Main|Bopomofo (Unicode block)|Bopomofo Extended}}

The Mandarin Phonetic Symbols were added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0. The Unicode block for Mandarin Phonetic Symbols is U+3100 ... U+312F.

{{Unicode chart Bopomofo}}

The extended phonetic symbols were added to the Unicode Standard in September 1999 with the release of version 3.0. The Unicode block for the extended symbols is U+31A0 ... U+31BF. Four symbols for Cantonese and one for Minnan and Hakka coda were released in 2020 with the publication of version 13.0. One can learn more information from the proposals.Yang, B., & Chan, E. (2019). [http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2019/19177r-cantonese-bopomofo.pdf L2/19-177R Proposal to encode Cantonese Bopomofo Characters].Tung, B., Ko, B., Wei, S. (2018). [http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2018/18255-n4980-bopomofo-ext.pdf L2/18-255 Proposal to fix glyphs in Bopomofo Extended block and encode one Bopomofo letter].

{{Unicode chart Bopomofo Extended}}

The Academia Sinica of Taiwan has released three sets of fonts for Taiwanese Hokkien: "{{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮標楷台語注音字型}}", "{{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮細明台語注音字型}}", and "{{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮台語注音字型}}".[http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/download/WSL_TPS_Font.htm {{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮台語注音字型}}]。{{lang|zh-Hant|中央研究院。}} When the above fonts are used (to Chinese characters), the Bopomofo Phonetic Symbols will automatically appear. For words with more than one pronunciation, user can choose "{{lang|zh-Hant|破音}}" fonts to find the desired pronunciation. The user manual can be downloaded here.{{lang|zh-Hant|中研院資訊所。}}(2013)。[http://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/download/files/WSL_TPS_Font_ReadMe.pdf {{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮台語注音字型說明}}]。

• Taiwanese Hokkien
• Written Hokkien
• Pe̍h-ōe-jī
• Taiwanese Romanization System
• Taiwanese kana
• Bopomofo

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.edu.tw/pages/detail.aspx?Node=1075&Page=9643&Index=3&wid=C5AD5187-55EF-4811-8219-E946FE04F725 {{lang|zh-Hant|教育部方音符號系統}}]{{expired link|date=March 2020}}
• {{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮, 吳昭新}}. [http://olddoc.tmu.edu.tw/Taiwanese-6/Tai-PA-w-3.pdf "{{lang|zh-Hant|華、台語注音符號總表}}"]
• {{lang|zh-Hant|吳守禮, 吳昭新}}. [http://olddoc.tmu.edu.tw/chiaushin/Tai-PA-w-0-p.htm "{{lang|zh-Hant|台語七種拼音法對照表}}"]
• {{lang|zh-Hant|吳昭新}}. [http://olddoc.tmu.edu.tw/Taiwanese-6/Tai-PA-w-juin-2.htm "{{lang|zh-Hant|台語注音符號二式}}"]

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Category:Writing systems introduced in 1946

Category:Transcription of Chinese

Category:Written Hokkien

Category:1946 establishments in Taiwan